Asteraceae

ABROTANELLA Cass.

  1. Abrotanella papuana Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 9, (1916) 86; J. Kost., Blumea 22, (1975) 216; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia), (1993) 159; POWO (2024). Native to mountain of New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Abrotanella nivigena (F.Muell.) F.Muell., Plants Indigenous to the Colony of Victoria, Lithograms (1865); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Australia. NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.

 

ACMELLA Rich. ex Pers.

  1. Acmella calva (DC.) R.K.Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr., 8, (1985) 41; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Spilanthes callimorpha A.H.Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 42, (1907) 536. – Spilanthes calva DC., Contr. Bot. India 19, (1834); Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 408. – Spilanthes javanica Sch.Bip. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, (1856) 81. – Spilanthes rugosa Blume ex DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 625. Widespread in Burma, India, Nepal, Sikkim, and Sri Lanka, extending east to southern China, Java, the Philippines, and Thailand. JAVA.
  2. Acmella grandiflora (Turcz.) R.K.Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8, (1985) 75; J. Kost., Blumea 25, (1979) 254; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 43; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ceratocephalus grandiflorus (Turczaninow) Kuntze, Revis, gen. pi. 1, (1891) 326. – Spilanthes grandiflora Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24, (1851) 185; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 408; J. Kost., Blumea 25, (1979) 276. – Spilanthes ovata Merrill, Phillip. J. Sci. 1 (Suppl. 3) (1906) 246. Native from Indo-China, Malesia, to Australia. Photos
    • Acmella grandiflora brachyglossa (Benth.) R.K.Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8, (1985) 77; POWO (2024). – Spilanthes grandiflora var. brachyglossa Bentham, Fl. Austral. 3, (1867) 541. – Spilanthes grandiflora var. calva Bentham, Fl. Austral. 3, (1867) 541. – Spilanthes macroglossa F. v. Mueller, Fragm. Phyt. Sustr. 5, (1865) 63. Native to Australia and New Guinea. PAPUA.
    • Acmella grandiflora var. discoidea K.Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8, (1985) 78; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Spilanthes grandiflora f. linifolia J. Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 279. Native to Australia, introduced to Indonesia. PAPUA.
    • Acmella grandiflora grandiflora, POWO (2024). – SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  3. Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8, (1985) 67; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 43; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 116; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Spilanthes grandifolia Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, (1856) 80. – Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC, Prodr. 5, (1836) 625; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 408; J. Kost., Blumea 25, (1979) 280; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020). – Spilanthes lobata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 622. Native of China, Southeast Asia, to Northern Australia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA. Photos

 

ADENOSTEMMA J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

  1. Adenostemma hirsutum (Blume) DC., Prodr 5, (1836) 113; J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 478; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 376; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Lavenia hirsuta Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 905. Native to Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  2. Adenostemma macrophyllum (Blume) DC., Prodr. 5: 113 (1836); J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 480; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 376; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Orchard, Telopea 13, (2011) 347; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Lavenia macrophylla Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 15, (1826) 905. Native from India, Bangladesh, Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, New Guinea to Australia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
  3. Adenostemma parviflorum (Blume) DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 111; J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 476; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Adenostemma lavenia var. parviflorum (Blume) Hochr., Candollea 5, (1934) 298; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 376. – Lavenia parviflora Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 905. Widely native to tropical Asia to Pasific. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.
  4. Adenostemma renschii Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 482; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  5. Adenostemma viscosum J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. Pl. (edn 2), (1776) 90; Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris. (1834) 85; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Adenostemma latifolium auct. non D.Don: F.Mueller, Essay pl. coll. Fitzalan estuary Burdekin 18 (1860). – Adenostemma lavenia var. lavenia Panigrahi, Kew Bull. 30, (1975) 649; Orchard, Telopea 13, (2011) 346. Widespread from Pakistan and India east to Pacific Islands and Australia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA. Photos

 

AINSLIAEA DC.

  1. Ainsliaea latifolia (D.Don) Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia 18-19 (1861), 190; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81. – Ainsliaea heterantha Hand.-Mazz., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 87, (1938) 128. – Ainsliaea hypoleuca Diels, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12, (1922) 514. – Ainsliaea latifolia var. ramifera H.Chuang, Fl. Yunnanica 13, (2004) 835. – Ainsliaea latifolia var. taiwanensis S.E.Freire, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94, (2007) 136. – Ainsliaea petelotii Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 21, (1940) 388. – Ainsliaea pteropoda DC., Prodr. 7, 1, (1838) 14. – Ainsliaea scabrida Dunn,, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35, (1903) 510. – Ainsliaea silhetensis (DC.) C.B.Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14, (1875) 411. – Ainsliaea triflora Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4, 2, (1917) 603. – Ainsliea latifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 305. – Liatris latifolia D.Don,, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 169. – Liatris lobelioides Wall. ex C.B.Clarke,, Compos. Ind., (1876) 246. – Perdicium triflorum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don,, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 169. Native of Pakistan, Southern China, to Philippines, somehow extended to Sumatra. SUMATRA. Photos
  2. Ainsliaea reflexa Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., 1, Suppl. 3, (1906) 242; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ainsliaea angustifolia var. luchunensis H.Chuang, Fl. Yunnanica, 13, (2004) 834. – Ainsliaea longipetiolata Merr., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci., 24, (1938 publ. 1939) 91. – Ainsliaea tonkinensis Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 13, (1926) 142. Native from China, Indochina, to Malesia. SUMATRA, SULAWESI.

 

ANAPHALIOIDES (Benth.) Kirp.

  1. Anaphalioides mariae (F.Muell.) D.Glenny, New Zealand J. Bot. 35, (1997) 472; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Anaphalis mariae F.Muell., Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n.s., 1, 2, (1889) 8; J. Kost. 20, (1972) 202. – Anaphalis mariae f. alba J. Kost., Blumea 20, (1972) 203. – Antennaria mariae F.Muell. ex Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, 1, (1891) 240. – Leontopodium mariae F.Muell., Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n.s., 1, 2, (1889) 8. Native to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Anaphalioides papuana (F.Muell.) D.Glenny, New Zealand J. Bot. 35, (1997) 473; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Anaphalis nubigena var. papuana Lauterb., Nova Guinea 8, (1912) 864. – Anaphalis papuana (Lauterb.) J. Kost., Blumea 20, (1972) 201. Native to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

ANAPHALIS DC.

  1. Anaphalis arfakensis, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 62, (1929) 429; Blumea 20, (1972) 204; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Anaphalis hellwigii Warb, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16, (1892) 28; Blumea 20, (1972) 203; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  3. Anaphalis javanica Bip., Syst. Verz., (1855) 124; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 393; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002): 81; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024) – Antennaria javanica DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 271. – Coreopsis emarcida Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5, 4, (1790) 11. Native to Malesia.
    • Anaphalis javanica javanica, POWO (2024). – Coreopsis emarcida Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten, 5, 4, (1790), 11, not validly publ. Native to Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA, SULAWESI.
    • Anaphalis javanica junghuhniana (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium junghuhnianum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 91. Native to Malesia. JAVA.
  4. Anaphalis longifolia DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 274; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 393; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002): 81; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium cinerascens Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24, II, (1851) 82. – Gnaphalium longifolium Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 900. Native to Malesia. Photos
    • Anaphalis longifolia f. sulfureotomentosa Steenis ex J. Kost., C.A.Backer & R.C.Bakhuizen van den Brink, Fl. Java (1965); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.
    • Anaphalis longifolia var. lanigera J. Kost., Blumea, 4, (1941) 484; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.
    • Anaphalis longifolia var. longifolia POWO (2024). Native from Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
    • Anaphalis longifolia var. sindoroensis (Hochr.) J. Kost., Blumea, 4, (1941) 484; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.
  1. Anaphalis lorentzii, Nova Guinea 8, (1912) 865; J.Kost, Blumea 20, (1972) 204; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea.
    • Anaphalis lorentzii angustifolia J.Kost, Blumea 20, (1972) 204; POWO (2024). PAPUA.
    • Anaphalis lorentzii lorentzii J.Kost, Blumea 20, (1972) 204; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). PAPUA.
  1. Anaphalis maxima (Kuntze) Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 13, (1934); 185; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 393; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium maximum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 340. Endemic to Java. JAVA.
  2. Anaphalis nouhuysii, Nova Guinea 8, (1912) 865; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  3. Anaphalis viscida (Blume) DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 274; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 393; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Antennaria viscida Sch.Bip., Syst. Verz., (1855) 124. – Gnaphalium viscidum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 900. Native to Southern Malesia. JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.

 

APOWOLLASTONIA Orchard

  1. Apowollastonia major Orchard, Nuytsia 23, (2013) 412; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Southern and Eastern Malesia. NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.
  2. Apowollastonia spilanthoides (F.Muell.) Orchard, Nuytsia 23, (2013) 408; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Niebuhria spilanthoides Britten, J. Bot., 39, (1901) 69. – Seruneum spilanthoides (F.Muell.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 365 (1891). – Wedelia spilanthoides F.Muell., Fragm. 5: 64 (1865); Blumea 25, 1, (1979) 270. Native to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

ARRHENECHTHITES Mattf.

  1. Arrhenechthites hydrangeoides Jeffrey, Kew Bull., 47, (1992) 75; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sulawesi. SULAWESI.
  2. Arrhenechthites novoguineensis (S.Moore) Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69, (1938) 292; Blecher, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 43, 1, (1956) 78; J. Kost., Blumea 18 (1970) 143; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). – Arrhenechthites dolichophyllus Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69, (1938) 289; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020) as Arrhenechthites dolichophylla: POWO (2024). – Erechtites novoguineensis S.Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., 9, (1916) 86. – Arrhenechthites mastigothrix Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 70, (1940) 477. Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  3. Arrhenechthites tomentellus Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69, (1938) 290; J. Kost., Blumea 18, (1970) 139, as Arrhenechthites tomentella: Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020) as Arrhenechthites tomentella: Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

ASTER L.

  1. Aster indicus L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 876; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Aster ursinus H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12, (1913) 100. – Aster yangtzensis Migo, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 56, (1942) 300. – Asteromoea cantoniensis Matsum., Enum. Sc. Namer., (1895) 41. – Asteromoea indica (L.) Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 901; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 383; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81. – Boltonia indica Benth., Fl. Hongk., (1861) 174. – Callistemma indicum (L.) G.Don, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, (1830) 348. – Callistephus indicus (L.) DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 275. – Chrysanthemum cuneatum Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 3, (1832) 436. – Heteropappus hispidus var. ursinus (H.Lév.) Grierson & Lauener, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 34, (1976) 334. – Hisutsua cantoniensis DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 44. – Hisutsua serrata Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy., (1838) 365. – Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch.Bip., Syst. Verz., (1855) 125; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). – Kalimeris indica f. epapposa J.Q.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3, 1, (1983) 111. – Kalimeris indica f. gracilis J.Q.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3, 1, (1983) 111. – Kalimeris lancifolia J.Q.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3, 1, (1983) 112. – Martinia polymorpha Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 12, (1902) 32. – Matricaria cantoniensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2, (1790) 498. Native to tropical Asia and slightly extended to eastern Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, MALUKU.
  2. Aster verticillatus (Reinw.) Brouillet, Semple & Y.L.Chen, Fl. China, 20-21, (2011) 608; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Carpesium scandens Schult.f. ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi, 2, (1866) 172. – Lavenia rigida Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3215. – Leptocoma racemosa Less., Linnaea, 6, (1831) 130. – Rhynchospermum formosanum Yamam., Suppl. Ic. Pl. Formos., 4, (1928) 25. – Rhynchospermum subsessile (Oliv. ex Miq.) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 31, (1952) 118. – Rhynchospermum verticillatum Reinw., Syll. Pl. Nov., 2, (1828) 8; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 382; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020). – Zollingeria scandens Sch.Bip., Flora 37, (1854) 275. Native from Nepal to Japan and Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN.

 

ATHROISMA DC.

  1. Athroisma laciniatum DC., Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2, (1833) 517; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 392; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Aetheocephalus thorelii Gagnep., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26, (1920) 172. – Athroisma viscida Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur.-Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2, (1845) 232. – Sphaeranthus chinensis L., Mant. Pl., (1767) 119. – Sphaeranthus laciniatus Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3184. Native to India, southern China, Indo-china, and southern Malesia. JAVA.

 

BLAINVILLEA Cass.

  1. Blainvillea acmella (L.) Phillipson, Blumea 6n (1950) 350; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Acmella linnaei Cass., G.F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 24, (1822) 330. – Acmella mauritiana Pers., Syn. Pl. 2, (1807) 472. – Bidens acmella (L.) Lam., Encycl. 1, (1785) 415. – Blainvillea alba Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20, (1846) 70. – Blainvillea hispida Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20, (1846) 70. – Blainvillea latifolia (L.f.) DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 17. – Blainvillea polycephala Gardner, London J. Bot. 7, (1848) 89. – Blainvillea racemosa Gardner, London J. Bot. 7, (1848) 89. – Blainvillea rhomboidea var. lanceolata (Poir.) DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 492. – Blainvillea rhomboidea var. polycephala (Gardner) Baker, Fl. Bras. 6, 3, (1884) 176. – Blainvillea rhomboidea var. racemosa (Gardner) Baker, Fl. Bras. 6, 3, (1884) 176. – Calyptocarpus burchellii Sch.Bip., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 24, (1866) 165. – Ceratocephalus acmella (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 326. – Coreopsis acmella (L.) K.Krause, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32, (1914) 340. – Eclipta latifolia L.f., Suppl. Pl., (1782) 378. – Ecliptica latifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 334. – Eisenmannia clandestina Sch.Bip. ex Hochst., Flora 24 (1, Intelligenzbl.), (1841) 42. – Oligogyne burchellii Hook., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 2, (1837) t. 101. – Pyrethrum acmella (L.) Medik., Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 3, (1775) 243. – Spilanthes acmella (L.) L., Syst. Veg. ed. 13, (1774) 610; Merrill, Bibl. Enum. Born. Pl. (1921) 589; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Verbesina acmella L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 901. – Verbesina dichotoma Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3204. – Verbesina lanceolata Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 8, (1808) 460. – Verbesina lavenia Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3, (1832) 442. Native of tropical Asia to Australia. KALIMANTAN, PAPUA.

 

BLUMEA DC.

  1. Blumea arfakiana Martelli, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., 15, (1883) 292; J. Kost., Blumea, 20, 1, (1972) 218; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Moluccas and New Guinea. MALUKU, PAPUA.
  2. Blumea arnakidophora Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 69, (1938) 286; J. Kost., Blumea, 20, 1, (1972) 214; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Malesia. KALIMANTAN, PAPUA.
  3. Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 434; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Baccharis cochinchinensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3, (1826) 466. – Blumea arenaria var. honigbergeri (Rech.f.) Parsa, Fl. Iran, 10, (1980) 43. – Blumea chamissoniana DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 434. – Blumea cunninghami DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 435. – Blumea diplotricha Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1929) 660. – Blumea honigbergeri Rech.f., Oesterr. Bot. Z., 97, (1950) 221. – Blumea leschenaultiana DC. Prodr., 5, (1836) 435. – Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. Philipp. Jour. Sci. (Bot.), 5, (1910) 395; Randeria, (1910) 261; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 389. – Blumea neilgherrensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., 3, (1882) 261. – Blumea parvifolia DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 437. – Blumea perottetiana DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 443. – Blumea phyllostachya DC. Prodr., 5, (1836) 438. – Blumea solidaginoides DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 443. – Blumea trichophora DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 436, based in part on Erigeron molle Don. – Blumea wightiana DC. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind., (1834) 14. – Conyza axillaris Lam., Encycl. 2 (1786) 84. – Conyza bifoliata Cham. & Less., Linnaea, 6, (1831) 135 non Linn. – Conyza bifoliolata DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 435. – Conyza paniculata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3090. – Conyza parvifolia Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3004. – Conyza wightiana Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 435. – Erigeron glomeratus Spreng, ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 437. – Erigeron mollis D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 172. – Gnaphalium solidaginoides Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl., 2, (1812) 805. – Placus mollis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 357. – Placus neilgherensis Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 357. – Placus tomentosus Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 497. Native to Old World. JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  4. Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 447; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 387; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Baccharis balsamifera (L.) Stokes. – Baccharis gratissima Blume ex DC. – Baccharis salvia Lour. Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1793) 494. – Blumea appendiculata (Blume) DC. Prodr., 5, (1836) 447. – Blumea balsamifera var. microcephala Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 23, (1968) 66. – Blumea grandis (Wall.) DC. Prodr., 5, (1836) 447. – Blumea zollingeriana Clarke, Comp. Ind., 90, (1876). – Conyza appendiculata Blume, Bijdr., 985, (1826) 985, non Lam. – Conyza balsamifera L. Sp. PI. ed., 2, (1763) 1208. – Conyza grandis Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3051. – Conyza vestita Wall. Numer. List, (1831) n. 2998. – Placus balsamifer (L.) Baill., Hist. Pl., 8, (1882) 303. – Pluchea appendiculata Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 249. – Pluchea balsamifera (L.) Less. Linnaea, 6, (1831) 150. Native to Tropical and Subtropical Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA. Photos
  5. Blumea bicolor Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 7, (1912) 356; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Malesia. SUMATRA, PAPUA.
  6. Blumea bifoliata (L.) DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 14; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea subracemosa (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 238. – Conyza bifoliata L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 862. – Conyza subracemosa Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 41. – Placus bifoliatus (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 356. – Placus subracemosa (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Native from India, Myanmar, to Java Island. JAVA.
  7. Blumea borneensis Moore., J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 42, (1914) 98; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Borneo Island. KALIMANTAN.
  8. Blumea bullata Kost., Blumea, 4, (1941) 489; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 388; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Malesia. JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
  9. Blumea celebica Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 239; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza celebica Sch.Bip., H.Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 122. Endemic to Sulawesi Island. SULAWESI.
  10. Blumea densiflora DC, Prodr., 5, (1836) 446; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea densiflora var. hookeri (C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f.) C.C.Chang & Y.Q.Tseng. – Blumea excisa DC. – Blumea hookeri C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f. – Blumea klossii S.Moore. – Conyza amygdalina Spreng. ex DC. – Conyza densiflora B.Heyne ex Wall. – Conyza excisa Wall. – Conyza falcigera Wall. – Placus grandis Baill. – Placus milnei Kuntze. Native of Subtropical Asia, Tropical Asia, to New Caledonia. SUMATRA, JAVA, MALUKU.
  11. Blumea flava DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 439. – Baccharis amplexicaulis Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 439; POWO (2024). – Blumea lecomtei Vaniot & H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 4, (1907) 331. – Blumeopsis falcata (D.Don) Merr., J. Arnold Arbor., 19, (1938) 70. – Blumeopsis flava (DC.) Gagnep., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 36, (1920) 76; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). – Conyza falcata (D.Don) Buch.-Ham. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3, (1826) 513. – Conyza obliqua Buch.-Ham. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 439. – Erigeron falcatus D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 172. – Erigeron obovatus Spreng. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 439. – Laggera falcata (D.Don) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 350. – Laggera flava (DC.) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 90. – Senecio fasciculatus Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 439. Native of Southern China to Tropical Asia. SUMATRA.
  12. Blumea hamiltonii DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 439; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea barbata var. sericans Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist., 46, (1877) 188. – Blumea cavaleriei H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 7, (1909) 22. – Blumea gnaphalioides Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan., 8, (1919) 52. – Conyza hamiltonii Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 414. – Conyza hieraciifolia var. hamiltonii (DC.) C.B.Clarke in Compos. Ind., (1876) 82. – Conyza necessaria Buch.-Ham. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836), 439, pro syn. – Gnaphalium hamiltonii Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 2938, not validly publ. Native from India, shoutern China, Indochina, to Malesia. SUMATRA.
  13. Blumea hieraciifolia (Spreng.) DC. in R.Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind., 15, (1834); same citation as Blumea hieraciifolia (D.Don) DC., Contrib. Bot. Ind., (1834); Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 390; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza hieraciifolia Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3, (1826) 514. – Erigeron hieraciifolius D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 172. – Placus hieraciifolius (Spreng.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 357. Native of Southern China to Tropical Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  14. Blumea hirsuta (Less.) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra, 3A, (2001) 79. – Blumea clarkei Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind., 3, 267 (1882) 267; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea elongata DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 445. – Blumea hongkongensis Vant., Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot., 12, (1903) 22. – Blumea lessingi Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Plants., 3, (1923) 603. – Blumea malabarica Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind., 3, (1882) 267. – Conyza elongata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3078. – Placus clarkei Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. – Placus malabaricus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. – Pluchea hirsuta Less., Linnaea, 6, (1831) 150, non Conyza hirsuta Linn. Native of Southern China to Tropical Asia. SUMATRA.
  15. Blumea intermedia Kost., Blumea, 4, (1941) 486; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 388; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Sumatra and Java island. SUMATRA, JAVA.
  16. Blumea junghuhniana (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, 1, (1891) 239; J. Kost., Blumea, 20 (1972) 212; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 388; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea dasycoma (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, 1, (1891) 239. – Conyza dasycoma Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 56. – Conyza junghuhniana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 55. Native to Tropical Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  17. Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 14. 1834; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 390; J. Kost., Blumea, 20, 1, (1972) 221; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza lacera Burm. f., Fl. Ind., (1768) 180. – Conyza javanica Blume, Bydr. (1826) 897. – Placus lacerus (Burm.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 356. Native to Tropical Asia and introduced to Africa.
    • Blumea lacera lacera, POWO (2024); Sun et al., (2024). SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  18. Blumea lanceolaria (Roxb.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4, (1917) 609; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 388; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Bileveillea granulatifolia H.Lév., Rep. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 8, 449 (1910) 449. – Blumea lanceolaria var. spectabilis (DC.) Randeria, Blumea, 10, (1960) 220. – Blumea laxiflora Elmer, Leaflets Philipp. Bot. 1, (1906) 110. – Blumea longifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 446. – Blumea myriocephala DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 4455. – Blumea nitida Zoll. & Moritzi., Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Neerl. Ind., 2, (1845) 244. – Blumea sessilifolia DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 447. – Blumea spectabilis DC. Prodr. 5, (1836) 445. – Blumea squarrosa Clarke, Comp. Ind., (1876) 87. – Blumea wallichi Clarke, Comp. Ind., 87 (1876) 87. – Conyza lanceolaria Roxb., Fl. Ind., 3, (1832) 432. – Conyza longifolia B.Heyne ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3026. – Conyza nitida Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat., 2, (1856) 54. – Conyza squarrosa Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3026. – Gorteria loureiroana DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 501. Native to Tropical Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  19. Blumea lanceolata Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 13 (1891) 446; POWO (2024). – Vernonia lanceolata Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 62, 401, (1929) 494; Blumea, 1, 3 (1935) 418; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, (2020) 584; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al. 2024. Native to eastern Malesia. SULAWESI, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  20. Blumea macrostachya DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 442; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Baccharis auriculata Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836), 442, not validly publ. – Blumea chevalieri Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 68, (1921) 42. – Blumea hieraciifolia var. macrostachya (DC.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1881) 263. – Blumea subsericans Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 7, (1915) 2582. – Conyza macrostachya Wall., Numer. List: n.° 3053 (1831), n. 3053, not validly publ. Native to tropical Asia. SUMATRA, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.
  21. Blumea megacephala (Randeria) C.T.Chang & C.H.Yu, Acta Phytotax. Sin., 12, (1974) 310; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea riparia var. megacephala Randeria, Blumea, 10, (1960) 215. Native to Assam India to eastern China and tropical Asia. JAVA.
  22. Blumea membranacea DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 440; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea balansae Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 68, (1921) 41. – Placus membranaceus (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Native to Pakistan, southern China, Indochina, and Malesia. KALIMANTAN, MALUKU.
  23. Blumea milnei Seem., Bonplandia (Hannover), 9, (1861) 257; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native of Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia, to Samoa. MALUKU, PAPUA.
  24. Blumea moluccana Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 239; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza moluccana Gaudich., Voy. Bonite, Bot., 2, (1846) 465. Endemic to Moluccas islands. MALUKU.
  25. Blumea napifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 440; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea paucifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 440. – Conyza napifolia Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 3075, not validly publ. Native from Himalaya, southern China, Indochina, to Malesia. JAVA.
  26. Blumea obliqua (L.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles, 4, Suppl. 2, (1916 publ. 1917) 609; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea amplectens DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 13. – Blumea amplectens var. arenaria (DC.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1881) 260. – Blumea amplectens var. maritima C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1881) 260. – Blumea anagallidifolia DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 13. – Blumea arenaria DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 13. – Blumea obliqua var. arenaria (DC.) G.S.Giri & B.Mitra, Indian J. Forest., 7, (1984) 143. – Blumea obliqua var. maritima (C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f.) G.S.Giri & B.Mitra, Indian J. Forest., 7, (1984) 143. – Blumea pubiflora DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 434. – Conyza amplectens Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3096. – Conyza amplexicaulis Lam., Encycl., 2, (1786) 84. – Conyza obliqua Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1930. – Conyza villosa Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3105. – Erigeron asteroides Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 2975B, not validly publ. – Erigeron obliquus L., Mant. Pl., 2, (1771) 573. – Placus obliquus (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Native to Pakistan, India, Myanmar, to Java island. JAVA.
  27. Blumea papuana Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., 9, (1916) 81; J. Kost., Blumea, 20, 1, (1972) 217; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  28. Blumea repanda (Roxb.) Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin., 7, (1936) 1378; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea eberhardtii Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68, (1921) 42. – Blumea procera DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 445; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 388. – Blumea semivestita DC. Prodr., 5, (1836) 445. – Conyza procera Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3050. – Conyza repanda Roxb., Hort. Bengal., 61 (1814). – Conyza semivestita Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 2996. – Leveillea procera Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot., ser 3, 13, (1904) 16. – Leveillea vestita Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot., ser 3, 13, (1904) 16. – Placus procerus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 356. Native of South Asia, Southern China, Malesia, to New Caledonia. JAVA, MALUKU.
  29. Blumea riparia (Blume) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 444; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 387; J. Kost., Blumea, 20 (1972) 212; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Baccharis nitida Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3043. – Blumea nitida Wall. ex C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 85. – Blumea chinensis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 444, pro parte, non Conyza chinensis L. – Blumea pubigera Merr., Philippine Jour. Sci. (Bot.), 14, (1919) 250, non Conyza pubigera L., fide Craib et J. Kost. – Conyza longissima Zoll. & Moritzi, Syst. Verz. Zoll., p. 68. – Conyza riparia Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 899. – Conyza serici-vestita Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 2996. – Eupatorium reflexum Moench, Suppl. Meth., (1802) 234. – Leveillea riparia (DC.) Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 13, (1904) 16. Native of South Asia, Southern China, Malesia, to New Caledonia. SUMATRA, JAVA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  30. Blumea saxatilis Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 243; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 389; J. Kost., Blumea, 20, (1972) 216; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea dentata var. glabrescens Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1928). – Blumea dentata var. glandulosa Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1928). – Blumea dentata var. rigida Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1928). – Blumea dentata var. schultzii Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1928). – Blumea spinidens (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, 1, (1891) 237. – Blumea tenera Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 7, (1912) 250. – Blumea thorelii Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 68, (1921) 44. – Blumea zollingeriana Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, 1, (1891) 237. – Conyza saxatilis Zoll. ex C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 90. – Conyza spinidens Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 44. – Conyza zollingeriana Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 24, I, (1851) 179. – Placus solandri S.Moore, J. Bot. 43, (1905) 141. – Placus zollingeriana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Native of Tropical Asia to Australia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  31. Blumea scabrifolia Ridl., J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 1, (1923) 72; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra Island. SUMATRA.
  32. Blumea sessiliflora Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 410; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 38; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea fasciculata DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 442. – Blumea floresiana (Sch.Bip.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, 1, (1891) 238. – Blumea gracilis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 443. – Conyza fasciculata Wall., Numer. List: n. 3019 (1831). – Conyza floresiana Sch.Bip., Syst. Verz, 2, 1855) 121. – Conyza sessiliflora (Decne.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 48. Native of South Asia, Southern China, Malesia, to New Caledonia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
  33. Blumea sinuata (Lour.) Merr., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 24, (1935) 388; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea acutata DC., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Par., 3, 410, (1834) 409. – Blumea cichoriifolia DC. ex Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Par., 3, 410, (1834) 410. – Blumea crepidifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 437. – Blumea glandulosa Benth., Fl. Hongkong, (1861) 177. – Blumea javanica (Blume) Zoll., Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 239. – Blumea laciniata (Roxb.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 436; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 388; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020). – Blumea okinawensis Hayata, Icon. PI. Formos., 8, (1919) 53. – Blumea onnaensis Hayata, Icon. PI. Formos., 8, (1919) 53. – Blumea runcinata DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 438. – Blumea sinapifolia Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 68, (1921) 43. – Blumea sonchifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 438. – Conyza acutata Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, 1, (1856) 48. – Conyza cichoriifolia Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, 1, (1856) 47. – Conyza javanica Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 897. – Conyza laciniata Roxb., Fl. Ind., 3, (1832) 428. – Conyza runcinata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3087. – Conyza sonchifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3085. – Gnaphalium sinuatum Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 497. – Placus acutatus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. – Placus laciniatus (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Native of Tropical Asia to Western Pasific, introduced into another tropical region in Africa. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU
  34. Blumea sumbavensis (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 239; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza sumbavensis Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 46. – Placus sumbavensis (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Native to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  35. Blumea sylvatica (Blume) DC. Prodr., 5,. (1836) 447; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 389; J. Kost., Blumea, 20 (1972) 219; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza sylvatica Blume, Bijdr., (1826) 898. – Blumea macrophylla var. sylvatica (Blume) J. Kost., Blumea, 4, 3, (1941) 488. – Blumea sessilifolia (Blume) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 447. – Conyza sessilifolia Blume, Bijdr., (1826) 897. – Blumea ternatensis (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. PI. Ned. Ind., 2, 1, (1891) 237. – Conyza ternatensis Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat., 2, (1856) 49. Native of Malesia to New Guinea.
    • Blumea sylvatica macrophyla (DC.) Randeria, Blumea, 10, (1960) 228; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea macrophylla DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 446. – Conyza macrophylla Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826), 896, nom. illeg. – Placus macrophyllus (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Native to Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
    • Blumea sylvatica pachycephala (J. Kost.) J. Kost., Blumea, 20, (1972) 221; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 388; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). – Blumea pachycephala J. Kost., Blumea 4, (1941) 487. Native to Malesia. JAVA, PAPUA.
    • Blumea sylvatica var. sylvatica: POWO (2024). SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  1. Blumea tenella DC., Contr. Bot. India, 13, (1834); Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris. (1834) 853; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 389; Blumea, 20, (1972) 215; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). Native from Malesia, Australia to New Caledonia.
    • Blumea tenella var. tenella, POWO (2024). – Blumea arabidea Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1930) 1214. – Blumea humifusa (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 237. – Blumea oligocephala DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 13. – Blumea pannosa O.Schwarz, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 24, (1927) 109. – Conyza amplexicaulis Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 3104, nom. inval. – Conyza anagallidifolia Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 3098, not validly publ. – Conyza bracteolata Rottler ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 434. – Conyza foliolosa Wight ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 3092, not validly publ. – Conyza humifusa Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 41. – Conyza oligocephala (DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 41. – Conyza tenella Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 40. – Placus humifusa (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  2. Blumea ternatensis (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 239; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza ternatensis Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 49. – Placus ternatensis (Miq.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Endemic to Moluccas Islands. MALUKU.
  3. Blumea timorensis ex Decne, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 411. – Placus timorensis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 357; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to East Nusa Tenggara. NUSA TENGGARA.
  4. Blumea vestita Kitam., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 55, (1941) 345; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  5. Blumea viminea DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 442; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza viminea (DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 49. – Placus vimineus (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  6. Blumea virens R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 14; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea lapsanoides DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 15. – Conyza virens Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 3037, not validly publ. – Erigeron virens Russ. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836), 439, not validly publ. – Placus virens (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Native to India, southern China, Indochina, to Malesia. JAVA.

 

BRACHIONOSTYLUM Mattf.

  1. Brachionostylum pullei Mattf., Nova Guinea 14: 528 (1932); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

CAMPTACRA N.T.Burb.

  1. Camptacra gracilis (Benth.) Lander, Nuytsia 6, (1987) 61; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). – Aster brachycomoides F.Muell., Fragm. 5, (1865) 86; POWO (2024). – Camptacra brachycomoides (F.Muell.) N.T.Burb., Brunonia 5, (1982) 12. – Erigeron brachycomoides (F.Muell.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, 1, (1891) 237. – Eurybia gracilis Benth., Enum. Pl., (1837) 58. – Shawia gracilis (Benth.) Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia 18-19, (1861) 174. – Vittadinia brachycomoides (F.Muell.) Benth., Fl. Austral., 3, (1867) 490. – Vittadinia brachycomoides var. glaberrima  Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 89 (1929) 658. Native to New Guinea and Australia. PAPUA.

 

CENTIPEDA Lour.

  1. Centipeda borealis G.Walsh, Muelleria, 15, (2001) 49; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to New Guinea and Australia. PAPUA.
  2. Centipeda minima (L.) A. Braun & Asch., Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. app. 6 (1867); Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) s422; J. Kost., Blumea, 22, (1975) 215; Muelleria, 15, (2001) 42; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Artemisia minima L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 849. – Cotula minima (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3, (1804) 2170. – Dichrocephala minima (L.) Bojer, Hortus Maurit., (1837) 179. – Grangea minima (L.) Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult. 2, (1801) 474. Native from mainland Asia, South East Asia, Australia, to Pacific Ocean.

 

CISSAMPELOPSIS Miq.

  1. Cissampelopsis volubilis (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 103 (1856); Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia volubilis Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 908. – Ligularia araneosa DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 314. – Senecio arachnoideus Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3163. – Senecio araneosus DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 364. – Senecio blumei DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 334, pro syn. – Senecio chionopappus Sch.Bip., Flora 28, (1845) 50. – Senecio hoi Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 35, (1903) 506. – Senecio subaraneosus Sch.Bip., Flora 28, (1845) 499. – Vernonia esquirolii Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 4, (1907) 331. Native from Eastern Himalaya to Southern China, Indo-China, and Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI.

 

COTULA L.

  1. Cotula anthemoides, Sp. Pl., (1753) 891; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Artemisia nilotica L., Cent. Pl. I, (1755) 27. – Cenia microcephala E.Mey. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 79. – Cotula anthemoides Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3, (1803) 2165. – Cotula dichrocephala Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss., 1, (1848) 419. – Cotula microcephala DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 79. – Lancisia anthemoides (L.) Moench, Suppl. Meth., 232 (1802) 232. – Nananthea tassiliensis Batt. & Trab., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 60, (1913) 245. – Pleiogyne anthemoides (L.) K.Koch, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), 1, (1843) 40. – Pleiogyne cardiospermum Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 20, (1846) 71. – Pleiogyne microcephala K.Koch, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), 1, (1843) 40. Native of Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India, Southern China, Indo-China, to Malesia. SUMATRA, MALUKU.

 

CYANTHILLIUM Blume

  1. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 103: 252 (1990); Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 303; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 4; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 116; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia cinerea (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 323. – Conyza cinerea L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 862. – Seneciodes cinereum (L.) Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan., (1903) 515. – Serratula cinerea (L.) Roxb., Hort. Bengal., (1814) 60. – Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less., Linnaea, 4, (1829) 291; J. Kost., Blumea 1, 3, (1935) 407; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 373; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). Native to tropical and subtropical old world.
    • Cyanthillium cinereum cinereum, POWO (2024). – Blumea chinensis (L.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 444; Merrill, A bibliographic enumeration of Bornean plants (1921) 588; POWO (2024). – Blumea chinensis (L.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 444. – Blumea esquirolii H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 7, (1909) 22. – Cacalia erigerodes Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 970. – Cacalia exilis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 970. – Cacalia kroneana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 970. – Cacalia rotundifolia Willd., Phytographia, 1, (1794) 11. – Calea cordata Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 488. – Centratherum chinense (L.) Less., Linnaea, 4, (1829) 105. – Chrysocoma violacea Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl., (1827) 384— Cineraria glaberrima  Spreng. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 25. – Claotrachelus rupestris Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 565. – Conyza abbreviata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3048. – Conyza bellidifolia Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3048. – Conyza chinensis, Sp. Pl., (1753) 862. – Conyza cinerascens Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3062. – Conyza elegantula Wall. in Numer. List, (1831) n. 3049. – Conyza heterophylla Lam., Encycl., 2, (1786) 84. – Conyza incana Wall., Numer. List, (1831) 3046. – Conyza incana B.Heyne ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 24. – Conyza ivifolia Burm.f., Fl. Ind., (1768) 180. – Conyza mollis Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1924. – Conyza prolifera Lam., Encycl., 2, (1786) 84. – Conyza sinensis J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]., 2, 2, (1792) 1221. – Crassocephalum flatmense Hochst. & Steud. ex DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 263. – Cyanopis erigeroides DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 7. – Cyanopsis decurrens Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2, (1845) 563. – Cyanthillium chinense (L.) Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40, (1913) 306. – Cyanthillium cinereum var. ovatum Isawumi, Compositae Newslett., 26, (1995) 16. – Erigeron pisonis Burm.f., Fl. Ind., (1768) 180. – Eupatorium arboreum Reinw. ex de Vriese, Pl. Ind. Bat. Orient., (1857) 129. – Eupatorium myosotifolium Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar., 3, (1792) 15. – Isomeria chinensis Wight ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 24. – Isomeria cinerea Wight ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 24. – Leveillea chinensis Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 13, (1904) 16. – Monosis elaeagnoides Kunth, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis), 1848, (1848) 14. – Placus chinensis (L.) Baill., Hist. Pl., 8, (1882) 303. – Pteronia tomentosa Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2. (1790) 489. – Senecio amboinicus Rumph. ex E.A.Duchesne, Répert. Pl. Utiles Globe, (1836) 142, nom. superfl. – Vernonia abbreviata DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 25. – Vernonia apocynifolia Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 20, (1883) 175. – Vernonia betonicifolia Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 22, (1887) 487. – Vernonia cinerea var. erigeroides (DC.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1930) 651. – Vernonia cinerea var. lentii (Volkens & O.Hoffm.) C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull., 43, (1988) 224. – Vernonia cinerea var. rotundifolia (Willd.) DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 6. – Vernonia cinerea var. undulata DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 6. – Vernonia cyanonioides Walp., Linnaea, 14, (1841) 509. – Vernonia dendigulensis DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 263. – Vernonia diffusa Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3, (1834) 408, nom. illeg. – Vernonia erigeroides (DC.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 25; J. Kost., Blumea 1, 3, (1935) 438; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 374. – Vernonia exilis Miq., J. Bot. Néerl., 1, (1861) 98. – Vernonia fasciculata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 893, nom. illeg. – Vernonia kroneana Miq., J. Bot. Néerl., 1, (1861) 98. – Vernonia lastii Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, A, (1895) 55, nom. nud. – Vernonia laxiflora Less., Linnaea, 6, (1831) 646; J. Kost., Blumea 1, 3, (1935) 404. – Vernonia lentii Volkens & O.Hoffm., H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C, (1895) 404. – Vernonia leptophylla DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 6. – Vernonia physalifolia DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 6. – Vernonia physalifolia var. glabrescens DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 6. – Vernonia rhomboidea Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 20, (1846) 62. – Vernonia sinulata Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 18. – Vernonia villosa W.Wight, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 9, (1905) 396. – Vernonia zollingeriana Sch.Bip., H.Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 119; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 374. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
    • Cyanthillium cinereum glabriusculum (DC.) Karthik. & Moorthy, Fl. Pl. India, (2009) 223; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Vernonia cinerea var. glabriuscula  DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 6. Native to India, introduced to Indonesia. JAVA.
    • Cyanthillium cinereum lanatum (J. ) Ghafoor, Fl. Australia, 37, (2015) 607; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Vernonia cinerea var. lanata J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 415. Native from Maluku, New Guinea, to New Caledonia. MALUKU, PAPUA.
    • Cyanthillium cinereum parviflorum (Reinw. ex Blume) Karthik. & Moorthy, Fl. Pl. India, (2009) 223; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Vernonia cinerea var. parviflora (Reinw. ex Blume) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 24. – Vernonia parviflora Reinw. ex Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 893. Native from India, China, taiwan to New Guinea. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  1. Cyanthillium montanum (C.B.Clarke) Bunwong, Chantar. & S.C.Keeley, PhytoKeys, 37, (2014) 65; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cyanthillium cinereum var. montanum (C.B.Clarke) Karthik. & Moorthy, Fl. Pl. India, (2009) 223. – Vernonia cinerea var. montana C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 21. Native from Assam, China, Indo-China to Malesia. SUMATRA.
  2. Cyanthillium patulum (Aiton) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 103, (1990) 252; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Bothriocline madagascariensis (DC.) C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull., 43, (1988) 266. – Bothriocline papuana O.Hoffm., Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee, (1900) 594. – Cacalia accedens (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 969. – Cacalia patula (Aiton) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 324. – Conyza odorata Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 414, not validly publ. – Conyza patula Aiton, Hort. Kew., 3, (1789) 184. – Conyza punctulata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 2995. – Cyanopis madagascariensis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 69. – Cyanopis pubescens DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 69. – Cyanopis villosa DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 69. – Cyanthillium pubescens Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 890. – Cyanthillium villosum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 889. – Ethulia conyzoides Bojer ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 69, not validly publ. – Eupatorium menthifolium Wall. ex C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 18, not validly publ. – Isonema ovata Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 24, (1822) 25. – Serratula multiflora Blanco, Fl. Filip.: 617 (1837) 617, nom. illeg. – Staehelina conyzoides Spreng., Index Seminum (HAL, Halensis), 1810, (1810) 26. – Vernonia accedens Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 18. – Vernonia chinensis Less., Linnaea 6, (1831) 105, 674. – Vernonia kawakamii Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 30, 1, (1911) 149. – Vernonia pratensis Klatt, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus., 7, (1892) 295. – Vernonia patula (Aiton) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 3, (1909) 439; Kost., Blumea 1, 3, (1935) 430; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 371; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020). – Vernonia chinensis Less., Linnaea, 6, 105, (1831) 674. Native to Madagascar, Madagascar, Tropical and Subtropical Asia, to North Western Pacific. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

DECANEUROPSIS H.Rob. & Skvarla

  1. Decaneuropsis blanda (DC.) H.Rob. & Skvarla, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 120, (2007) 364; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia blanda Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 969. – Conyza blanda Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3033. – Gymnanthemum blandum Steetz, W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6 (Bot., 2), (1864) 339. – Vernonia blanda DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 32. – Vernonia blandula C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 26. – Vernonia tavoyana C.E.C.Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 1927, (1927) 92. Native from Assam, China, Indo-China to Malesia. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.
  2. Decaneuropsis obovata (Gaudich.) H.Rob. & Skvarla, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 120, (2007) 365; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza scandens Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3060. – Decaneurum obovatum DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 67. – Eupatorium vagans Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3040. – Gymnanthemum affine Steetz, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6 (Bot., 2), (1864) 338. – Gymnanthemum obovatum Gaudich., Voy. Uranie, (1830) 471. – Gymnanthemum scandens Steetz, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6 (Bot., 2), (1864) 338. – Strobocalyx obovatus Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 18-19, (1861) 172. – Strobocalyx pyrrhopappa Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 18-19, (1861) 172. – Vernonia cuneata Less., Linnaea 6, (1831) 644; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 448; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020). – Vernonia lenticellata Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 1, (1906) 91. – Vernonia obovata Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, 1, (1891) 235. – Vernonia pyrrhopappus Sch.Bip. ex Klatt, Flora, 68, (1885) 203. – Vernonia scandens DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 32. – Vernonia villarii Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 7, (1915) 2593. Native to Eastern Himalaya, Indo-China, Malesia, to Western Pacific. SUMATRA, MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

DICHROCEPHALA L’Hér. ex DC.

  1. Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia (Blume) DC., Arch. Bot. (Paris), 2, (1833) 518; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 381; J. Kost., Blumea, 18, (1970) 137; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 117; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cotula chrysanthemifolia Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 918. Native to Tropical and Subtropical Old World.
    • Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia var. chrysanthemifolia, POWO (2024). – Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia var. abyssinica (Asch.) Fayed, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, 15, (1979) 506. – Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia f. abyssinica Asch., G.A.Schweinfurth, Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 145. – Dichrocephala grangeifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 372. – Dichrocephala macrocephala Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 145. – Dichrocephala oblonga Hook.f., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., 6, (1861) 12. – Dichrocephala oblongata Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl., 2, 260 (1873) 260. – Dichrocephala tanacetoides Sch.Bip., H.Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 122. – Dichrocephala tibestica Quézel, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N., 48, (1957) 99. JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.
  2. Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze, Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 333; Ethulia integrifolia (L.f.) D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825)182; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Hippia integrifolia L.f., Suppl. Pl., (1782) 389. Native to Tropical and Subtropical Old World.

 

DUHALDEA DC.

  1. Duhaldea cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Pruski & Anderb., Compositae Newslett., 40, (2003) 44; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Baccharis chinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 494. – Blumea arnottiana Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 210. – Blumea chinensis Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy., (1837) 195, nom. illeg.; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Nurrani et al., J. penelit. sos. ekon. kehutan. 12, 3, (2015) 167; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 116. – Conyza argentea Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3014. – Conyza cappa Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 176. – Conyza dentata Blanco, Fl. Filip., (1837) 629. – Conyza eriophora Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3013. – Conyza lanuginosa Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 2922. – Conyza oblonga Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 469. – Duhaldea chinensis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 366. – Duhaldea eriophora Steetz, Bonplandia (Hannover), 5, (1857) 308. – Duhaldea lanuginosa (C.C.Chang) Anderb., Pl. Syst. Evol., 176, (1991) 104. – Eupatorium lanatum Spreng. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 469. – Helenium cappa Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 342. – Helenium salviodorum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 343. – Inula cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 469; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 396 . – Inula cappa f. radiata H.Koyama, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 35, (1984) 120. – Inula eriophora DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 470. – Inula intermedia C.C.Chang & Y.C.Tseng, Fl. Hainan. 3 (1974) 584. – Inula lanuginosa C.C.Chang, Sinensia, 3, (1933) 202. – Inula oblonga DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 469. – Inula pseudocappa DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 469. – Inula salviodora Sch.Bip., H.Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 122. – Moquinia eriosematoides Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst., 2, (1843) 679. – Pteronia marginata C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 124. – Vernonia congesta Benth., London J. Bot., 1, (1842) 487. – Vernonia eriosematoides Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1), (1843) 254. Native to Tropical Asia. JAVA, SULAWESI, MALUKU.

 

ELEPHANTOPUS L.

  1. Elephantopus scaber , Sp. Pl., (1753) 814; Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 81; J. Kost., Blumea 1, 3, (1935) 457; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 375; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Indra, et al., Jurnal Hutan Lestari: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan 2, 2, (2014) 381; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 116; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). Native to Subtropical and Tropical Old World.
    • Elephantopus scaber scaber, POWO (2024). – Elephantopus scaber var. coeruleus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 335. – Elephantopus scaber var. typica J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 458. – Elephantopus sinuatus Zoll. & Moritzi, Syst. Verz. Java, (1846) 69. – Asterocephalus cochinchinensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1, (1824) 380. – Scabiosa cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch., (1790) 68. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

EMILIA Cass.

  1. Emilia everettii (Hemsl.) Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 13, (1934) 187; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Senecio everettii Hemsl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 1896, (1896) 38. Endemic to Sulawesi. SULAWESI.
  2. Emilia flaccida Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 102; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  3. Emilia javanica (Burm.f.) C.B.Rob., Philipp. J. Sci., C3, (1908) 217; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 428; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia sagittata Vahl, Symb. Bot., 3, (1794) 91, nom. superfl. – Cacalia mucronata B.Heyne ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3161 , not validly publ. – Emilia marivelensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 1, (1908) 362. – Emilia sonchifolia var. javanica (Burm.f.) Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 62, (1929) 445. – Emilia taiwanensis S.S.Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 5, (1995) 602. – Hieracium javanicum Burm.f., Fl. Ind., (1768) 174. – Prenanthes javanica (Burm.f.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1534. – Senecio auriculatus Burm.f., Fl. Ind., (1768) 181. – Senecio sagittatus Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 19, (1894) 64, nom. illeg. – Sonchus amboinensis Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 610, not validly publ. – Sonchus javanicus (Burm.f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 648. Native to Subtropical and Tropical Asia. JAVA.
  4. Emilia prenanthoidea , Prodr., 6, (1838) 303; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 428; J. Kost., Blumea, 26, (1980) 239; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Subtropical and Tropical Asia.
    • Emilia prenanthoidea dentata J. Kost., Blumea, 26, (1980) 241; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native and endemic to western New Guinea. PAPUA.
    • Emilia prenanthoidea prenanthoidea, POWO (2024). SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  1. Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 24; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 428; Kost., Blumea, 26, (1980) 238; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 118; Novianti et al., J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage., 4, 4, (2017) 931; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia sonchifolia L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 835. – Crassocephalum sonchifolium (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 395; Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 413. – Emilia sonchifolia var. typica Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 22, (1930) 1240, not validly publ. Native to Subtropical and Tropical Old World.
    • Emilia sonchifolia lanceolata Tjitr., Reinwardtia, 12, (2002) 127; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002); 66 Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). Endemic to Sumatera. SUMATRA.
    • Emilia sonchifolia sonchifolia POWO (2024). – Cacalia glabra B.Heyne, Numer. List, (1831) n. 3145. – Cacalia prenanthoides Sieber ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 302. – Emilia mucronata Wall., Numer. List, (1829) n. 316. – Emilia purpurea Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 34, (1825) 393. – Emilia rigidula DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 302. – Emilia scabra DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 303. – Emilia sinica Miq., J. Bot. Néerl., 1, (1861) 105. – Gynura  ecalyculata DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 298. – Prenanthes sarmentosa Wall., Numer. List, (1831)n. 3262E, not validly publ. –Senecio ecalyculatus Sch.Bip., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 159. – Senecio rapae F.Br., Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus., 130, (1935) 361. – Senecio sonchifolius Moench, Suppl. Meth., (1802) 231. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

ENYDRA Lour.

  1. Enydra fluctuans , Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 511; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 402; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cryphiospermum repens P.Beauv., Fl. Oware, 2, (1810) 24. – Enydra anagallis Gardner, London J. Bot., 7, (1848) 409. – Enydra heloncha DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 637. – Enydra hingcha Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt., (1845) 416, nom. superfl. – Enydra longifolia (Blume) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 637 –Enydra paludosa (Reinw.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 637. – Hingtsha repens (P.Beauv.) Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 3, (1832) 448. – Meyera fluctuans (Lour.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 602. – Meyera heloncha Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3195, not validly publ. – Phyllimena paludosa Blume ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 637, not validly publ. – Tetraotis longifolia Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 892. – Tetraotis paludosa Reinw., Syll. Pl. Nov., 2, (1825) 8. – Wahlenbergia globularis Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl., (1827) 387. Native to Tropical & Subtropical Old World. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI.

 

ESCHENBACHIA Moench

  1. Eschenbachia japonica (Thunb.) J. Kost., Blumea, 7, (1952) 290; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea compactiflora H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 8, (1910) 401. – Blumea copelandii Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 1, (1908) 359. – Blumea globata Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 12, (1902) 24. – Conyza congesta Spreng. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 383. – Conyza japonica (Thunb.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 382; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 387. – Conyza multicaulis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 383. – Conyza petiolaris Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3282. – Conyza stricta Wall. in Numer. List, (1831) 3044, not validly publ. – Conyza veronicifolia Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3005. – Erigeron japonicus Thunb., J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14., (1784) 754. Native from temperate to tropical Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.
  2.  Eschenbachia leucantha (D.Don) Brouillet, Fl. China 20-21, (2011) 556; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea conyzoides H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 7, (1909) 22. – Blumea leucanthema DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 436. – Cacalia disticha B.Heyne ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 384. – Conyza disticha B.Heyne ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3024, pro syn. – Conyza leucantha (D.Don) Ludlow & P.H.Raven, Kew Bull., 17, (1963) 71; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 386; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82. – Conyza leucanthema Buch.-Ham. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 414. – Conyza oligandra Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24, I, (1851) 179. – Conyza polycephala Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 20, (1846) 66. – Conyza serrulata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3024. – Conyza striata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3065. – Conyza tamborensis Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, (1891) 237. – Conyza travancorensis Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3067. – Conyza viscidula Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 383. – Conyza wallichii DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 384. – Erigeron leucanthus D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 171. – Eschenbachia viscidula (Wall. ex DC.) J. Kost., Blumea, 7, (1952) 290. – Vernonia ampla Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 12, (1903) 124. Native from tropical to subtropical Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
  3.  Eschenbachia maxima (Zoll. & Moritzi) J. Kost., Blumea, 7, (1952) 290; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza argutidens Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 58. – Conyza maxima Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 236; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 386; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44. Native and endemic at southern Malesia to New Guinea. JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.

 

ETHULIA L.f.

  1. Ethulia conyzoides f., Dec. Prima Pl. Horti Upsal., (1762) 1; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Tropical Old World.
    • Ethulia conyzoides conyzoides, POWO (2024). – Ethulia angustifolia Bojer ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 12. – Ethulia corymbosa Bosse, Vollst. Handb. Bl.-Gärtn., ed. 2, 5, (1854) 172. – Ethulia megacephala Sch.Bip. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 8; J. Kost., Blumea 1, 3, (1935) 373; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 370. – Ethulia megapolitana Sch.Bip. ex de Vriese, Pl. Ind. Bat. Orient., (1857) 128. – Ethulia parviflora Klatt, Linnaea 37, (1872) 507. – Ethulia ramosa Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 413. – Eupatorium areolatum Perr. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 12. – Pirarda conyzodes Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 355. – Pirarda megacephala Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 355. JAVA. NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.
  2. Ethulia triflora Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 375; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). Endemic to Timor Island. NUSA TENGGARA.

 

EUCHITON Cass.

  1. Euchiton brassii (Mattf.) Anderb., Opera Bot., 104, (1991) 167; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium brassii Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 68, (1937) 265. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Euchiton breviscapus (Mattf.) Anderb., Opera Bot., 104, (1991) 167; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium breviscapum Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 68, (1937) 264; Kost., Blumea, 20 (1972); 208; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  3. Euchiton involucratus (G.Forst.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., 9, (1974) 271; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Euchiton involucratus (G.Forst.) Anderb., Opera Bot., 104, (1991) 167. – Gnaphalium cunninghamii DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 235. – Gnaphalium involucratum G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr., (1786) 55; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 394; J. Kost., Blumea, 20, 1, (1972) 207. – Gnaphalium involucratum var. planifolium Steetz, J.G.C.Lehmann, Pl. Preiss., 1, (1845) 478. – Gnaphalium involucratum var. ramosum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 236. – Gnaphalium involucratum var. simplex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 236. – Gnaphalium involucratum var. undulatum Steetz, J.G.C.Lehmann, Pl. Preiss., 1, (1845) 478. – Gnaphalium lanatum G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr., (1786) 55. – Gnaphalium lineare Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 25, (1908) 131. – Gnaphalium morii Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8m (1919) 58. – Gnaphalium virgatum Banks & Sol. ex Hook.f.m Fl. Nov.-Zel., 1, (1852) 139, not validly publ. – Leontopodium japonicum var. sandwicense H.Lév.m Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 10, (1911) 121. Native from Eastern Asia, Malesia, Australia, to Oceania. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  4. Euchiton japonicus (Thunb.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., 9, (1974) 271; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Euchiton pulchellus Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 56, (1828) 215. – Filago cephaloidea Link ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 638. – Gnaphalium asteroides Balb., Cat. Hort. Taur., (1813) 38. – Gnaphalium cephaloideum Willd., Enum. Pl., 2, (1809) 868. – Gnaphalium collinum Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl., 2, (1806) 44, nom. illeg. – Gnaphalium collinum var. billardierei Hook.f., London J. Bot., 6, (1847) 121. – Gnaphalium collinum var. gunnii Hook.f., London J. Bot., 6, (1847) 121. – Gnaphalium collinum var. lawrencei Hook.f., London J. Bot., 6, (1847) 121. – Gnaphalium globosum Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn., 2, (1815) 971. – Gnaphalium glomeratum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 236. – Gnaphalium gymnocephalum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 236. – Gnaphalium hemisphaericum Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn., 2, (1815) 802. – Gnaphalium japonicum Thunb., J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14., (1784) 749; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 394; J. Kost., Blumea, 20, 1, (1972) 206; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83. – Gnaphalium japonicum var. collinum Maiden & Betche, Census N.S.W. Pl., (1916) 204. – Gnaphalium japonicum var. sciadophora F.Muell., Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania 1876, (1877) 34. – Gnaphalium oblancifolium Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 1, (1906) 123. – Gnaphalium willdenovii F.Dietr., Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn., 3, (1817) 541. – Leontopodium javanicum Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2, (1845) 263. – Leontopodium sandwicense Rock, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 13, (1914) 354. Native to Subtropical and Tropical Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.
  5. Euchiton sphaericus (Willd.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., 9, (1974) 271; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). – Euchiton sphaericus (Willd.) Anderb., Opera Bot., 104, (1991) 167. – Gnaphalium sphaericum Willd., Enum. Pl., 2, (1809) 868. Native from Southern Malesia, New Guinea, Australia, to Oceania. JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.

 

GERBERA L.

  1. Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 18, (1821) 461; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Arnica piloselloides L., Pl. Rar. Afr., (1760) 22. – Arnica hirsuta Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.,1 (1775) 151. – Doronicum arabicum Lam., Encycl., 2, (1786) 316. – Doronicum piloselloides (L.) Lam., Encycl., 2, (1786) 314. – Epiclinastrum candollei Bojer ex DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 19. – Gerbera aberdarica R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg., 9, (1928) 160. – Gerbera amabilis Hance, Ann. Bot. Syst., 2, (1852) 947. – Gerbera candollei Sch.Bip., Flora, 27, (1844) 780. – Gerbera hirsuta Less., Linnaea, 5, (1830) 298. – Gerbera humilis Sch.Bip., Flora, 27, (1844) 779. – Gerbera ovalifolia DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 17. – Gerbera peregrina Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 14, (1936) 61. – Gerbera piloselloides var. concolor Sch.Bip., Flora, 27, (1844) 779. – Gerbera schimperi Sch.Bip. ex Hochst., Flora 24 (1, Intelligenzbl.), (1841) 27. – Gerbera waandersiana Zoll. ex Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 14, (1936) 61. – Inula rungwensis Beentje, Kew Bull. 54, (1999) 100. – Lasiopus candollei DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 19. – Leptica ciliata E.Mey. ex DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 17, not validly publ. – Perdicium piloselloides (L.) Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl., 1, (1898) 615, nom. illeg. – Piloselloides hirsuta (Forssk.) C.Jeffrey ex Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 37 (3, Suppl.): 1180 (1967); Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44. – Pseudoseris rutenbergii Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1, (1881) 282. Native to tropical Old Word. KALIMANTAN, NUSA TENGGARA.

 

GLOSSOCARDIA Cass.

  1. Glossocardia alorensis Veldkamp & Kreffer, Blumea, 35, (1991) 468; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  2. Glossocardia bidens (Retz.) Veldkamp, Blumea, 35, (1991) 468; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Bidens denudata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 24 (I), (1851) 183. – Bidens meyeniana Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1), (1843) 271. – Bidens novae-caledoniae G.Forst. ex Schltdl., Linnaea, 10, (1836) 480. – Bidens rigida C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 141. – Bidens tenuifolia Labill., Sert. Austro-Caledon., (1825) 44. – Coreopsis tanna Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 420. – Coreopsis tannensis Biehler, Pl. Nov. Herb. Spreng., (1807) 39. – Glossogyne bidens (Retz.) Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6 (Suppl.), (1931) 168; J. Kost., Blumea 25, (1979) 256. – Glossogyne bidentidea F.Muell., Linnaea, 25, (1853) 402. – Glossogyne oluanpiensis S.S.Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan, 5, (1995) 603. – Glossogyne pedunculosa DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 632. – Glossogyne pinnatifida DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 19. – Glossogyne tannensis (Biehler) Garn.-Jone, Taxon, 35, (1986) 125. – Glossogyne tenuifolia (Labill.) Cass. ex Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 212. – Glossogyne tenuifolia var. divaricata Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 89, (1929) 682. – Neuractis bidens (Retz.) Veldkamp ex Mesfin, Kew Bull., 45, (1990) 45. – Zinnia bidens Retz., Observ. Bot., 5, (1788) 28. Native from tropical Asia to Pacific, somehow also could be found naturally in Tanzania. SUMATRA, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.
  3. Glossocardia calva (Sch.Bip. ex Miq.) Veldkamp, Blumea, 35, (1991) 471; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Adenolepis calva Sch.Bip. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 79. – Bidens artemisiifolia var. calva (Sch.Bip.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 321. – Bidens calva (Sch.Bip. ex Miq.) C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 141. – Cosmos calvus (Sch.Bip. ex Miq.) Sherff, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8, (1932) 405; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 413; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). Native to southern Malesia. JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  4. Glossocardia alorensis Veldkamp & Kreffer, Blumea, 35, (1991) 475; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  5. Glossocardia leschenaultii (Cass.) Veldkamp, Blumea, 35, (1991) 475; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Chrysanthellum leschenaultii (Cass.) Backer ex J. Kost., Blumea, 12, (1963) 65; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 412. – Neuractis leschenaultii Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 34, (1825) 496. Native to southern Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA.
  6. Glossocardia smithii (Backer) Veldkamp, Blumea, 35, (1991) 477; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Chrysanthellum smithii Backer, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 2, 12, (1913) 39; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 412. – Neuractis smithii (Backer) B.L.Turner, Phytologia, 64, (1988) 443. Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.

 

GNAPHALIUM L.

  1. Gnaphalium heleios Royen, Alpine Fl. New Guinea, 4, (1983) 3331; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Gnaphalium polycaulon Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 421; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium gracillimum Perr. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 232. – Gnaphalium multicaule Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1888, nom. illeg. – Gnaphalium niliacum Raddi ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 480. – Gnaphalium strictum Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 424. Native from tropical and Subtropical Asia to Australia. JAVA, MALUKU.

 

GRANGEA Adans.

  1. Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encyc., Suppl. 2, (1812) 852; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 380; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Artemisia maderaspatana L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 849. – Cotula maderaspatana (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2170. – Cotula sphaeranthus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt., 2, (1822) 344. – Ethulia nepalensis Spreng. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 141. – Grangea adansonii Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 19, (1821) 304. – Grangea aegyptiaca (Juss. ex Jacq.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 373. – Grangea glandulosa Fayed, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, 15, (1979) 466. – Grangea hispida Humbert, Compos. Madagascar, 37, (1923) 282. – Grangea mucronata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3236, not validly publ. – Grangea sphaeranthus (Link) K.Koch, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), 1, (1843) 41. – Grangea strigosa Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 65, (1918) 42. – Perdicium tomentosum Blanco, Fl. Filip., (1837) 630, nom. illeg. – Tanacetum aegyptiacum Juss. ex Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob., 3, (1777) 46. – Tanacetum humile Foek., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab., (1775) 148. Native to Tropical and Subtropical Old World. SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.

 

GYNURA Cass.

  1. Gynura abbreviata Davies, Kew Bull., 35, (1981) 719; Vanijajiva & Kadereit, J. Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 298; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sulawesi Island. SULAWESI.
  2. Gynura annua (F.G.Davies) Vanij. & Kadereit Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 297; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gynura  procumbens var. annua F.G.Davies in Kew Bull., 35, (1981) 718. Native to Malesia. JAVA, SULAWESI, MALUKU.
  3. Gynura aurantiaca (Blume) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 300; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 425; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83 Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia aurantiaca Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 908. – Crassocephalum aurantiacum (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Senecio blumeanus Sch.Bip., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 159. Native to Malesia.
  1. Gynura batorensisDavies, Kew Bull., 35, (1981) 724; Vanijajiva & Kadereit, J. Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 307; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  2. Gynura carnosula & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 265; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 425; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Crassocephalum densifolium Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Gynura  densifolia Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 99. Endemic to Java. JAVA.
  3. Gynura daviesiae & Kadereit, J. Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 309; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Java. JAVA.
  4. Gynura elberti, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 34, (1933) 25; Vanijajiva & Kadereit, J. Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 289; Floribunda 4, 5, (2012) 110; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Malesia. SUMATRA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  5. Gynura fulvaDavies, Kew Bull., 35, (1981) 724; Vanijajiva & Kadereit, J. Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 308; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  6. Gynura grandifoliaDavies, Kew Bull., 35, (1981) 726; Vanijajiva & Kadereit, J. Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 312; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to southern Malesia. JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  7. Gynura malaccensis Belcher, Kew Bull., 44, (1989) 438; Vanijajiva & Kadereit, J. Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 299; POWO (2024). Native to Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. KALIMANTAN.
  8. Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl., 3, (1923) 618; Merrill, A bibliographic enumeration of Bornean plants (1921) 588; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 425; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Vanijajiva & Kadereit, J. Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 290; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 302; Widayat et al., Eksplorasi Pengetahuan Lokal Etnomedisin dan Tumbuhan Obat Berbasis Komunitas di Indonesia Provinsi Papua Barat (Laporan Penelitian), (2017) 99; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). – Cacalia cylindriflora Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 315. – Cacalia finlaysoniana Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3162. – Cacalia procumbens Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 485. – Cacalia reclinata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3151. – Cacalia sarmentosa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 907. – Cacalia sarracenia Blanco, Fl. Filip., (1837) 618. – Crassocephalum latifolium S.Moore, J. Bot., 43, (1905) 141. – Crassocephalum pubigerum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 332. – Gynura  affinis Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 24 (I), (1851) 201. – Gynura  agusanensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 7, (1915) 2585. – Gynura  buntingii S.Moore, J. Bot., 54, (1916) 281. – Gynura  cavaleriei H.Lév., Bull. Géogr. Bot., 24, (1914) 284. – Gynura  clementis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 1 (Suppl. 3), (1906) 244. – Gynura  emeiensis Z.Y.Zhu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin, 26, (2006) 645. – Gynura  finlaysoniana DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 299. – Gynura  latifolia Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 1, (1906) 145. – Gynura  lobbiana Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 24 (I), (1851) 202. – Gynura  piperi Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 7, (1912) 355. – Gynura  pubigera Bold., Zakfl. Java, (1916) 58. – Gynura  sarmentosa (Blume) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 298. – Gynura  scabra Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 24 (I), (1851) 201. – Senecio cacaliaster Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2., (1845) 441, nom. illeg. – Senecio finlaysonianus Sch.Bip., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 159. – Senecio mindoroensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 1, (1906) 155. – Senecio sarmentosus (Blume) Sch.Bip. in Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 159. Native to tropical old world. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  9. Gynura pseudochina (L.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 299; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 424; Mujahid et al., Eksplorasi Pengetahuan Lokal Etnomedisin dan Tumbuhan Obat Berbasis Komunitas di Indonesia Provinsi Papua Barat (Laporan Penelitian), (2017) 77; Vanijajiva & Kadereit, J. Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 296; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia bulbosa Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 485. – Cacalia maculata Buch.-Ham. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 244, not validly publ. – Cacalia sagittaria B.Heyne ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3159, not validly publ. – Crassocephalum miniatum (Welw.) Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl., 1, (1898) 595. – Crassocephalum pseudochina (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Gynura  bodinieri H.Lév., Bull. Géogr. Bot., 24, (1914) 283. – Gynura  bulbosa (Lour.) Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy., (1837) 194. – Gynura  eximia S.Moore, J. Bot., 56, (1918) 225. – Gynura  miniata Welw., Apont., (1859) 586. – Gynura  nudicaulis, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., 18, 1, (1836) 351. – Gynura  rusisiensis R.E.Fr., R.E.Fries, Wiss. Erg. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exp. 1911-1912, 1, (1916) 342. – Gynura  sagittaria DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 301. – Gynura  sinuata DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 301. – Gynura  somalensis (Chiov.) Cufod., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 50, (1943) 112. – Gynura  variifolia De Wild., Pl. Bequaert., 5, (1929) 93. – Senecio bulbosus (Lour.) Sch.Bip., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 159. – Senecio crassipes H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 6, (1909) 331. – Senecio hamiltonianus Sch.Bip., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 159. – Senecio miniatus (Welw.) Staner, Mém. Inst. Roy. Colon. Belge, Sect. Sci. Nat., (8vo), 5, (1937) 212. – Senecio nudicaulis (Arn.) Sch.Bip., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 159. – Senecio pseudochina L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 867. – Senecio somalensis Chiov., Res. Sci. Somalia Ital., 1, (1916) 106. Native to tropical old world. JAVA. PAPUA.
  10. Gynura steenisii Davies, Kew Bull., 35, (1981) 724; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  11. Gynura sundaiacaDavies, Kew Bull., 35, (1981) 722; Vanijajiva & Kadereit, J. Syst. Evol., 49, (2011) 299; POWO (2024). Native to Malesia. KALIMANTAN, NUSA TENGGARA.

 

INDOCYPRAEA Orchard

  1. Indocypraea montana (Blume) Orchard, Nuytsia, 23, (2013) 437; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Seruneum montanum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Verbesina biflora Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3204E. – Verbesina montana Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., 1, (1826) 911. – Verbesina scaberrima Wall., Numer. List, (1831) 3208, nom. nud. – Wedelia biflora C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 137. – Wedelia horsfieldiana (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 242. – Wedelia montana (Blume) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 242; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 405; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84. – Wedelia montana var. pilosa H.Koyama, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 36, (1985) 170. – Wedelia scandens C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 136, nom. illeg. – Wollastonia horsfieldiana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 72. – Wollastonia montana (Blume) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 547. – Wollastonia scaberrima C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 138. Native from eastern Himalayan to Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA.

 

ISCHNEA F.Muell.

  1. Ischnea elachoglossaMuell., Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n.s., 1, 2, (1889) 13; Swenson, Pl. Syst. E, 191 (1994) 255; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea.
  1. Ischnea korythoglossa, Nova Guinea, 14, (1932) 526; J. Kost., Blumea, 22, (1975) 212; Swenson, Pl. Syst. E, 191 (1994) 259; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

IXERIDIUM (A.Gray) Tzvelev

  1. Ixeridium laevigatum (Blume) Pak & Kawano, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Biol., 15, (1992) 45; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Aracium laevigatum (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 111. – Crepis laevigata (Blume) Sch.Bip. ex Zoll., Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 125, nom. illeg. – Ixeris laevigata (Blume) Sch.Bip. ex Engl. & Maxim., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 6, (1885) 69. – Ixeridium oldhamii (Maxim.) Sennikov, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad), 82, 5, (1997) 116. – Ixeris oldhamii (Maxim.) Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 3, (1934) 134. – Ixeris stenophylla (Makino) Masam., Prelim. Rep. Veg. Yakus., (1929) 28. – Lactuca luzonica S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip., (1886) 165. – Lactuca oldhamii Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, 19, (1874) 532. – Lactuca stenophylla Makino, J. Jap. Bot., 4, (1927) 10. – Prenanthes laevigata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 886. – Youngia taiwaniana S.S.Ying, Coloured Ill. Herbac. Pl. Taiwan, 1, (1980) 186. Native from tropical to subtropical Asia. SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  2. Ixeridium pygmaeum (Zoll. & Moritzi) Pak & Kawano, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Biol., 15, (1992) 48; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ixeris pygmaea (Zoll. & Moritzi) Stebbins, J. Bot., 75, (1937) 50. – Lactuca laevigata var. pygmaea (Zoll. & Moritzi) J. Kost., Blumea 23 (1976) 171. – Lactuca pygmaea Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 565. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  3. Ixeridium sandsiiJ.N.Hind & R.J.Johns, Kew Bull., 57, (2002) 698; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO 2024. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA
  4. Ixeridium subacaule (J. Kost.) Pak & Kawano, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Biol., 15, (1992) 48; POWO (2024). – Lactuca subacaulis J. Kost., Blumea 23 (1976) 174. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

IXERIS (Cass.) Cass.

  1. Ixeris prolixa (S.Moore) Stebbins, J. Bot., 75, (1937) 50; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Lactuca prolixa S.Moore in Fl. Arfak Mts., (1917) 184. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Ixeris retrorsidens (Merr.) Stebbins, J. Bot., 75, (1937) 50; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Lactuca retrorsidens Merr., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 77, (1917) 245. Native to Malesia. KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI.

 

KEYSSERIA Lauterb.

  1. Keysseria extensa Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24, (1966) 607; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Keysseria gibbsiae (Merr.) Cabrera ex Steenis, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. B, Biol. Sci., 161, (1964) 27; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Hecatactis gibbsiae (Merr.) Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 13, (1934) 36. – Keysseria gibbsiae f. minuta J. Kost., Blumea, 22, (1975) 207. – Lagenophora gibbsiae Merr., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 77, (1917) 246. Native to Malesia. PAPUA.
  3. Keysseria pinguiculiformis Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24, (1966) 606; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea.
  1. Keysseria radicans (F.Muell.) Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 68, (1937) 251; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; POWO (2024). – Hecatactis radicans (F.Muell.) Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 13, (1934) 188. – Myriactis radicans F.Muell., Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria, 1, 2, (1889) 13. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Keysseria wollastonii (S.Moore) Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 68, (1937) 250; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Hecatactis wollastonii (S.Moore) Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 62, (1929) 394, 409. – Myriactis wollastonii S.Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., 9, (1916) 81. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

LACTUCA L.

  1. Lactuca indica, Mant. Pl., 2, (1771) 278; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 436; J. Kost., Blumea 23 (1976) 168; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; POWO (2024). – Brachyramphus heyneanus Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient., (1846) t. 1146. – Brachyramphus sinicus Miq., J. Bot. Néerl., 1, (1861) 105. – Brachyramphus sonchifolius Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl., (1860) 168, sensu auct. – Brachyramphus taraxacoides DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 177. – Chondrilla indica (L.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., 1, (1821) 191. – Chondrilla squarrosa (Thunb.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2, (1811) 332. – Lactuca amurensis Regel & Maxim., Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus), 1857, (1857) 42. – Lactuca bialata Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat., 4, (1854) 247. – Lactuca brevirostris Champ. ex Benth., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc., 4, (1852) 237. – Lactuca cavaleriei H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 8, (1910) 450. – Lactuca dracoglossa Makino, J. Jap. Bot., 7, (1931) 23. – Lactuca hoatiensis H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 8, (1910) 449. – Lactuca indica indivisa (Makino) Hatus., Exp. Forest. Kyushu Imp. Univ., 5, (1934) 201. – Lactuca indica var. laciniata (Houtt.) H.Hara, Enum. – Spermatophytarum Japon., 2, (1952) 220. – Lactuca jamaicensis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I., (1861) 384. – Lactuca kouyangensis H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 8, (1910) 450. – Lactuca laciniata (Houtt.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 17, (1903) 88, nom. illeg. – Lactuca laciniata f. indivisa Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 17, (1903) 88. – Lactuca mauritiana Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 3, (1813) 292. – Lactuca squarrosa (Thunb.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi, 2, (1866) 189. – Leontodon acutissimus Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten, 5, 4, (1790) 19, not validly publ. – Prenanthes indica (L.) J.G.Klein ex Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2, (1811) 330. – Prenanthes laciniata Houtt., Handl. Pl.-Kruidk., 10, (1773-1783) 381. – Prenanthes racemosa Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 405, nom. illeg. – Prenanthes squarrosa Thunb., J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14., (1784) 715. – Prenanthes taraxacoides Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3279, nom. nud. – Pterocypsela indica (L.) C.Shih, Acta Phytotax. Sin., 26, (1988) 387. – Pterocypsela indica var. dracoglossa (Makino) K.Hammer, Genet. Resources Crop Evol., 61, (2014) 1458. – Pterocypsela indica var. indivisa (Makino) K.Hammer, Genet. Resources Crop Evol., 61, (2014) 1458, without direct basionym ref. – Pterocypsela indica var. laciniata (Houtt.) H.C.Fu, Fl. Intramongolica, ed. 2, 4, (1993) 821. – Pterocypsela indivisa (Makino) H.S.Pak, Fl. Coreana, 7, (1999) 349. – Pterocypsela laciniata (Houtt.) C.Shih, Acta Phytotax. Sin., 26, (1988) 388. – Scariola brevirostris (Champ. ex Benth.) Soják, Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag., 1962, (1962) 46. – Sonchus calyculatus Roxb. ex DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 140. Native from South Eastern Siberia to Japan and Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.
  2. Lactuca laevigata, Prodr., 7, (1838) 140; J.Kost, Blumea 23 (1976) 169; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Malesia.
    • Lactuca laevigata excisodentata, J.Kost, Blumea 23 (1976) 174; POWO (2024). NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA.
    • Lactuca laevigata laevigata, Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 436; J.Kost, Blumea 23 (1976) 170; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; POWO (2024). SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
    • Lactuca laevigata lamii (Mattf.) J. , Blumea 23 (1976) 174; POWO (2024). – Ixeris lamii (Mattf.) Stebbins, J. Bot. 75, (1937) 50. – Lactuca lamii Mattf., Nova Guinea 14, (1932) 530. PAPUA.
    • Lactuca laevigata pusilla (Mattf.) J. , Blumea 23 (1976) 172; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ixeridium pusillum (Mattf.) Pak & Kawano, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Biol., 15, (1992) 47. – Ixeris pusilla (Mattf.) Stebbins, J. Bot., 75, (1937) 50. – Lactuca pusilla Mattf., Nova Guinea, 14, (1932) 531. PAPUA.
  3. Lactuca rostrata (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 349; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 436; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Mulgedium rostratum (Blume) Sch.Bip., H.Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 125. – Prenanthes rostrata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 836. Native to Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA.

 

LAGENOCYPSELA Swenson & K.Bremer

  1. Lagenocypsela papuana (J. Kost.) Swenson & K.Bremer, Austral. Syst. Bot., 7, (1994) 271; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Rhamphogyne papuana J. Kost., Blumea, 22, (1975) 208; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 160. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

LAGENOPHORA Cass.

  1. Lagenophora sublyrata (Cass.) A.R.Bean & Jian Wang ter, Austrobaileya, 10, 3, (2019) 435; A.R.Bean & Jian Wang ter, Austrobaileya, 10, 4, (2020) 577; Lannuzel et al., 177 (2021) 132; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Bellis pilosa Banks & Sol. ex Hook.f., Fl. Nov.-Zel., 1, (1852) 126. – Ixauchenus lyratus Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 193, nom. nud. – Ixauchenus sublyratus Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 56, (1828) 176. – Lagenophora billardierei var. glabrata DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 307. – Lagenophora lanata A.Cunn., Ann. Nat. Hist., 2, (1838) 126; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83. – Lagenophora sundana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 32. Native to tropical and subtropical Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, PAPUA.

 

LAGGERA Sch.Bip. ex Benth.

  1. Laggera alata (D.Don) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv., Linn. Soc. London, 29, (1873) 94; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 390; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea alata (D.Don) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 448. – Blumea salviifolia (Bory) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 448. – Conyza alata (D.Don) Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 438, nom. illeg. – Conyza salviifolia Bory, Voy. îles Afrique, 3, (1804) 176. – Conyza tetraptera Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 24 (I), (1851) 178. – Erigeron alatus D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 171. – Ethulia divergens Russ. ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3039, not validly publ. – Inula exsiccata H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 11, (1912) 304. – Laggera angustifolia Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan., 8, (1919) 54. – Vernonia alata B.Heyne ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 448, not validly publ. Native to tropical Old World. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA.
  2. Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood, Kew Bull., 38, (1983) 83; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea crispata var. montana (C.D.Adams) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork, Énum. Pl. Fleurs Afr. Trop., 4, (1997) 262. – Blumea pterodonta DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 15. – Blumea purpurascens A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss., 1, (1848) 395. – Blumea tetraptera Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 21, (1884) 313. – Blumea vernonioides DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 447. – Conyza ctenoptera Kunth, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis), 1845, (1845)12. – Conyza odontoptera Webb, Niger Fl., (1849) 135. – Laggera alata var. montana C.D.Adams, J. W. African Sci. Assoc., 6, (1961) 150. – Laggera intermedia C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 91. – Laggera pterodonta (DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 29, (1873) 94. – Laggera purpurascens Sch.Bip. ex Hochst., Flora, 24, (1841), 26, nom. nud. – Serratula polygyna A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss., 1, (1848) 457. Native to tropical and subtropical old world. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI.

 

LAUNAEA Cass.

  1. Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 350; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 434; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ammoseris bellidifolia D.Dietr., Syn. Plant., 4, (1847) 1320. – Ammoseris sarmentosus (Willd.) D.Dietr., Syn. Plant., 4, (1847) 1319. – Chondrilla sarmentosa (Willd.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl., 2, (1811) 329. – Lactuca sarmentosa (Willd.) Wight ex DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 27. – Launaea bellidifolia Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 25, (1822) 321. – Launaea pinnatifida Cass., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 23, (1831) 85. – Microrhynchus bellidifolius DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 181. – Microrhynchus dregeanus DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 181 –Microrhynchus sarmentosus (Willd.) DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 181. – Prenanthes sarmentosa Willd., Phytographia, 1, (1794) 10. – Reichardia sarmentosa Backer ex Booberg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 66, (1933) 31, pro syn. Native to tropical Old World. SUMATRA, JAVA.

 

LEPTINELLA Cass.

  1. Leptinella altilitoralis (P.Royen & D.G.Lloyd) D.G.Lloyd & C.J.Webb, New Zealand J. Bot., 25, (1987) 104; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cotula altilitoralis P.Royen & D.G.Lloyd, Blumea, 22, (1975) 201; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Leptinella wilhelminensis (P.Royen) D.G.Lloyd & C.J.Webb, New Zealand J. Bot., 25, (1987) 104; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cotula wilhelminensis P.Royen, Blumea, 22, (1975) 199; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

LIPOBLEPHARIS Orchard

  1. Lipoblepharis asperrima (Decne.) Orchard, Nuytsia, 23, (2013) 446; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Seruneum asperrimum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Wedelia acerba S.Moore, J. Bot. 64 (Suppl. 1), (1926) 146. – Wedelia asperrima Benth., Fl. Austral., 3, (1867) 539. – Wollastonia asperrima Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 414. – Wollastonia junghuhniana Miq., Pl. Jungh., (1855) 502. Native from western to central Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA.
  2. Lipoblepharis urticifolia (Blume) Orchard, Nuytsia, 23, (2013) 440; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Seruneum urticifolium (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Verbesina urticifolia Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 911. – Wedelia urticifolia (Blume) DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 18; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 420; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 46; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020). – Wedelia urticifolia scaberrima DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 18, not validly publ. – Wollastonia urticifolia (Blume) Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor., (1844) 99. Native to tropical and subtropical Asia.
    • Lipoblepharis urticifolia subsp hortorum Orchard, Nuytsia, 23, (2013) 443; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). SUMATRA, JAVA.
    • Lipoblepharis urticifolia urticifolia, Nuytsia, 23, (2013) 442; POWO (2024). – Wedelia montana wallichii (Less.) H.Koyama, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 36, (1985) 168. – Wedelia rhombifolia J. Kost., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 34, (1933) 19. – Wedelia urticifolia var. wallichii (Less.) DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 18. – Wedelia urticifolia var. wightii DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 18. – Wedelia wallichii Less., Linnaea, 6, (1831) 162. – Wollastonia zollingeriana Sch.Bip., H.Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 123, nom. nud. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.

 

MELANOSERIS Decne.

  1. Melanoseris graciliflora (DC.) N.Kilian, Fl. China, 20-21, (2011) 223; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cicerbita taliensis Beauverd, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 2, (1910) 139. – Lactuca graciliflora DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 139. – Lactuca taliiensis Franch., J. Bot. (Morot), 9, (1895) 263. – Prenanthes graciliflora Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3260. – Prenanthes graciliflora (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl., 2, (1873) 527. – Stenoseris graciliflora (Wall. ex DC.) C.Shih, Acta Phytotax. Sin., 29, (1991) 413. – Stenoseris taliensis (Franch.) C.Shih, Acta Phytotax. Sin., 29, (1991) 415. Native from Himalaya, southern China, to Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA.

 

MICROGLOSSA DC.

  1. Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 353; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 386; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza heudelotii Oliv. & Hiern, Fl. Trop. Afr., 3, (1877) 317. – Conyza pyrifolia Lam., Encycl., 2, (1786) 89. – Conyza syringifolia Meyen & Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1), (1843) 263. – Conyza volubilis Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3057, not validly publ. – Erigeron pyrifolius (Lam.) Benth., Fl. Hongk., (1861) 176. – Frivaldia volubilis (DC.) Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 231. – Microglossa petiolaris DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 321. – Microglossa volubilis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 321. – Pluchea subumbellata Klatt, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 18, (1873) 369. – Psiadia volubilis (DC.) Baill., Hist. Pl., 8, (1882) 300. Native to tropical and subtropical Old World. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

MIKANIA Willd.

  1. Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb., 104, (1934) 65; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 380; J.Kost, Blumea, 1, (1935) 377; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Eupatorium cordatum Burm.f., Fl. Ind., (1768) 176. – Eupatorium trinitarium var. volubile M.Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 19, (1890) 270. – Eupatorium volubile Vahl, Symb. Bot., 3, (1794) 93. – Mikania carteri Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 1895, (1895) 106. – Mikania volubilis (Vahl) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1743. Native to tropical Old World. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

MYRIACTIS Less.

  1.  Myriactis cabrerae Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24, (1966) 611; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Malesia. KALIMANTAN, PAPUA
  2.  Myriactis humilis, Philipp. J. Sci. 1 (Suppl. 3), (1906) 244; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Myriactis bipinnatisecta Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 3, (1934) 136. – Myriactis formosana Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 3, (1934) 135. – Myriactis humilis var. bipinnatisecta (Kitam.) S.S.Ying, Alp. Pl. Taiwan Colour, 2, (1978) 276. – Myriactis longipedunculata Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 30, 1, (1911) 150. – Myriactis mindanaensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 7, (1915) 2589; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020). Native from Taiwan to central and eastern Malesia. KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA
  3.  Myriactis javanica (Blume) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 308; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 382; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; POWO (2024). – Bellis javanica Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 917. – Dichrocephala paniculata Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 38. – Lagenophora javanica Blume ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 308, not validly publ. – Myriactis paniculata (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 236. Native fom India, southern China, Indo-China, to Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA.
  4.  Myriactis nepalensis, Linnaea, 6, (1831) 128; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 382; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Dichrocephala leveillei Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 12, (1903) 241. – Lavenia dentata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3216, not validly publ. – Lavenia sphaerantha Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3217, not validly publ. – Myriactis carnosa Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3219, not validly publ. – Myriactis gracilis Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 20, (1846) 66. – Myriactis oleosa Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 20, (1846) 65. – Sphaeranthus integrifolius L.f. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus), 2, (1836) 30. Native from Himalaya to New Guinea. SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  5.  Myriactis rupestris Kost., Blumea, 26, (1980) 233; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  6.  Myriactis wightii, R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 10; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native from India, southern China, Indochina to Malesia.

 

NIDORELLA Cass.

  1. Nidorella aegyptiaca (L.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, Strelitzia, 29, (2012) 794; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native from Africa to Indochina and Malaya. SUMATRA.

 

NOVAGUINEA D.J.N.Hind

  1. Novaguinea rudalliaeJ.N.Hind, Kew Bull., 59, (2004) 177; Utteridge & Edwards, Blumea, 54, (2009) 282; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

OLEARIA Moench

  1. Olearia dibrachiata J.N.Hind & R.J.Johns, Kew Bull. 69, 2,-9515, (2014) 1; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Olearia exilis var. subacuta J. Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24, (1966) 535. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Olearia durifolia Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24, (1966) 540; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea, may found cultivated or escape in Java Island. JAVA. PAPUA.
  3. Olearia exilis Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., 9, (1916) 81; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  4. Olearia floccosa Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24, (1966) 545; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  5. Olearia lepidota Nova Guinea, 14, (1932) 520; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  6. Olearia leptocephala Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24, (1966) 550; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  7. Olearia monticola M.Bailey, Dept. Agric. Brisbane Bot. Bull., 10, (1895) 39; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  8. Olearia platyphylla, Nova Guinea, 14, (1932) 519; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  9. Olearia rufa Kost.,
  10. Olearia velutina Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24, (1966) 540; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

PAPUACALIA Veldkamp

  1. Papuacalia carstenszensis (P.Royen) Veldkamp, Blumea, 36, (1991) 171; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Senecio carstenszensis P.Royen, Alpine Fl. New Guinea, 4, (1983) 3412. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Papuacalia dindondl (P.Royen) Veldkamp, Blumea, 36, (1991) 171; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Senecio dindondl P.Royen, Alpine Fl. New Guinea, 4, (1983) 3420. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  3. Papuacalia glossophylla (Mattf.) Veldkamp, Blumea, 36, (1991) 171; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Senecio glossophyllus Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 69, (1938) 293. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  4. Papuacalia milleriJ.N.Hind & R.J.Johns, Kew Bull., 58, (2003), 395; Utteridge & Edwards, Blumea, 54, (2009) 282; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  5. Papuacalia sandsiiJ.N.Hind & R.J.Johns, Kew Bull., 58, (2003), 389; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  6. Papuacalia titoiJ.N.Hind & R.J.Johns, Kew Bull., 58, (2003), 398; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  7. Papuacalia valentini Veldkamp, Blumea, 36, (1991) 175; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  8. Papuacalia veldkampiiJ.N.Hind, Kew Bull., 57, (2002) 693; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  9. Papuacalia versteegii (Mattf.) Veldkamp, Blumea, 36, (1991) 176; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.

 

 

PHACELLOTHRIX F.Muell.

  1. Phacellothrix cladochaetaMuell., Fragm., 11, (1878) 49; J.Kost, Blumea, 20, (1972) 199; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Helichrysum cladochaetum F.Muell., Fragm., 5, (1866) 199. – Rutidosis brownii Benth., Fl. Austral., 3, (1867) 594. Native from eastern Malesia to Australia. MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

PHYLLOCEPHALUM Blume

  1. Phyllocephalum frutescens Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 889; J.Kost, Blumea, 1, (1935) 377; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 371; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Baccharoides frutescens (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 320. – Centratherum frutescens (Blume) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 5. – Decaneurum frutescens (Blume) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 66. – Gymnanthemum frutescens (Blume) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst., 2, (1843) 948. – Sonchus fruticosus Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten, 5, 4, (1790) 27, not validly publ. Endemic to Java. JAVA.

 

PLUCHEA Cass.

  1. Pluchea indica (L.) Less., Linnaea, 6, (1831) 150; , Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 81; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 391; J.Kost, Blumea 20, (1972) 210; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Setyowati, Media Litbangkes, 10, 3, (2010) 106; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL 2015, 1, 1, (2015) 262; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Baccharis indica, Sp. Pl., (1753) 861. – Placus indicus (L.) Baill., Hist. Pl., 8, (1882) 303. Native to tropical to subtropical Asia, Australia, and Oceania.
    • Pluchea indica indica,: POWO (2024). – Conyza corymbosa Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3, (1832) 426. – Conyza foliolosa Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 451. – Conyza indica Blume ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 451. – Erigeron denticulatus Burm.f., Fl. Ind., (1768) 180. – Pluchea foliolosa DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 451. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  2. Pluchea paniculata (Willd.) Karthik. & Moorthy, Fl. Pl. India (2009) 259; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea glandulosa Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl., (1860) 163. – Blumea hispidula DC. ex C.B.Clarke, J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1882) 672. – Blumea hymenophylla, Prodr., 5, (1836) 440. – Blumea membranacea var. subsimplex (DC.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1881) 263. – Blumea paniculata (Willd.) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra, 3A, (2001) 82; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Blumea senecioides DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 439. – Blumea subsimplex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 441. – Conyza diffusa Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 429. – Conyza hymenophylla Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3038, not validly publ. – Conyza membranacea Wall. ex DC., Prodr., (1836) 441, not validly publ. – Conyza paniculata Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1920. – Conyza paucifolia Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3037. – Conyza subsimplex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3003, not validly publ. – Laggera senecionidea Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl., 2, (1873) 290. – Pluchea paniculata var. subsimplex (DC.) Karthik. & Moorthy, Fl. Pl. India, (2009) 259. – Pluchea senecioides (DC.) W.Theob., Burmah, 2, (1883) 390. Native from Himalaya, China, to Malesia, including Java and Borneo. JAVA. KALIMANTAN.

 

PRENANTHES L.

  1. Prenanthes steenisii, Reinwardtia, 12, (2002) 125; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  2. Prenanthes stenolimba Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 13, (1934) 190; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  3. Prenanthes sumatrana, Reinwardtia, 12, (2002) 126; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.

 

 

PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM Kirp.

  1. Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 82, (1981) 206; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Dasyanthus conglobatus Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 199, nom. superfl. – Filaginella luteoalba (L.) Opiz, Seznam, (1852) 44. – Gnaphalium conglobatum Lam., Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 64, nom. superfl. – Gnaphalium depressum Steud., Nomencl. Bot., 1, (1821) 375, nom. superfl. – Gnaphalium alboluteum Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 425. – Gnaphalium dealbatum var. luteofuscum (Webb) Lobin, Courier Forschungsinst. Senckenberg, 81, (1986) 117. – Gnaphalium diffusum Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 22, (1887) 490. – Gnaphalium gracile Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 900. – Gnaphalium javanum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 222. – Gnaphalium leontopodinum Bory ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 227. – Gnaphalium luteoalbum L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 851; J.Kost, Blumea, 20, (1972) 199, as Gnaphalium luteo-album; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). – Gnaphalium luteoalbum var. depressum Lej., A.L.S.Lejeune & R.J.Courtois, Comp. Fl. Belg., 3, (1836) 138. – Gnaphalium luteoalbum var. glandulosum Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1), (1843) 276. – Gnaphalium luteoalbum var. glomeratum Porta, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., 11, (1879) 232. – Gnaphalium luteoalbum var. occidentale Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 7, (1841) 403. – Gnaphalium luteoalbum var. pallidum Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1881) 288. – Gnaphalium luteofuscum Webb, Niger Fl., (1849) 143. – Gnaphalium luteolum E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2., 13, (1905) 130. – Gnaphalium martabanicum Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 2950. – Gnaphalium molle Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 192. – Gnaphalium orixense Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 425. – Gnaphalium pallidum Lam., Encycl. 2, (1788) 750. – Gnaphalium pompejanum Ten., Cat. Hort. Neapol. 1813, App. (ed. alt.), ii, (1819) ii, 78. – Gnaphalium reinwardtianum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 91. – Gnaphalium sphaericum Perr. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 230. – Gnaphalium trifidum Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap., 2, (1800)150. – Helichrysum conglomeratum Moench, Methodus, (1794) 576. – Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum var. pallidum (Lam.) Karthik. & Moorthy, Fl. Pl. India, (2009) 261. – Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum subsp. turcicum Yıld., Ot Sist. Bot. Derg., 17, (2010) 31. Native to tropical and subtropical Old World. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

PTEROCAULON Elliott

  1. Pterocaulon brachyanthumR.Bean, Austrobaileya, 8, (2011) 289; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to central to southern Malesia. JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA.
  2. Pterocaulon ciliosumR.Bean, Austrobaileya, 8, (2011) 289; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native from southern Malesia to Australia. NUSA TENGGARA.
  3. Pterocaulon intermedium (DC.) A.R.Bean, Austrobaileya, 8, (2011) 289: Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Monenteles intermedius DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 455. Native to eastern Malesia to Australia. NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
  4. Pterocaulon redolens (Willd.) Fern.-Vill., F.M.Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 3., 4 (13A), (1880) 116; A.R.Bean, Austrobaileya, 8, (2011) 289; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza redolens Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1951. – Gnaphalium cylindrostachyum Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 2931. – Gnaphalium polycephalum Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 455, not validly publ. – Gnaphalium redolens G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr., (1786) 91. – Monenteles forsteri Endl., Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch., 1, (1836) 168. – Monenteles redolens (Willd.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 455; Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 412. – Monenteles spicatus Labill., Sert. Austro-Caledon., (1825) 413. – Pterocaulon billardierei F.Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl., 1, 3, (1876) 43. – Pterocaulon cylindrostachyum C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 98. – Pterocaulon redolens (Willd.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 240. – Pterocaulon spicatum Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1930) 1218, nom. illeg. – Sphaeranthus elongatus Blanco, Fl. Filip., (1837) 636. – Tessaria redolens (Willd.) Less., Linnaea, 6, (1831) 151. Native from India, Indochina, Malesia, Australia to Oceania. JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA.
  5. Pterocaulon sphacelatum (Labill.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex F.Muell., Syst. Census Austral. Pl., 1, (1882) 79; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 392; Kost, Blumea, 20, (1972) 195; A.R.Bean, Austrobaileya, 8, (2011) 289; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Monenteles sphacelatus Labill., Sert. Austro-Caledon., (1825) 43. – Monenteles tomentosus Sch.Bip. ex Miq., H.Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 122, nom. nud. – Pterocaulon tomentosus Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 240. – Sphaeranthus erectus Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 233. Native from southern Malesia to Australia. JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
  6. Pterocaulon verbascifoliumMuell., Syst. Census Austral. Pl., 1, (1882) 79; A.R.Bean, Austrobaileya, 8, (2011) 289; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Monenteles verbascifolius F.Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austral., 3, (1867) 523. Native from southern Malesia to Australia. NUSA TENGGARA.

 

QUADRIBRACTEA Orchard

  1. Quadribractea moluccana (Blume) Orchard, Nuytsia, 23, (2013) 434; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Moonia moluccana (Blume) J. Kost., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 34, (1933) 17; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020). – Moonia quadribracteata Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 62, (1929) 430. – Seruneum moluccanum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Verbesina dichotoma Reinw. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 75, not validly publ. – Verbesina moluccana Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 912. – Wedelia moluccana Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 242. – Wedelia quadribracteata Warb., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 13, (1891) 449. – Wollastonia moluccana DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 547. Native to eastern Malesia. NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

SENECIO L.

  1. Senecio brassii Belcher, Blumea, 28, (1982) 195; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  2. Senecio coronopifolium f., Fl. Ind., (1768) 181; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.
  3. Senecio dewildeorum, Reinwardtia, 12, (2002) 126; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  4. Senecio gnomaRoyen, Alpine Fl. New Guinea, 4, (1983) 3394; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  5. Senecio lombokensis Kost., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 34, (1933) 27; Wardani, Floribunda, 4, 5, (2012) 110; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lombok Island. NUSA TENGGARA.
  6. Senecio papuanus (Lauterb.) Belcher, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 43, (1956) 53; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Erechthites papuana (Lauterb.) Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 62, (1929) 442, 500. – Gynura  papuana Lauterb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 13, (1914) 242. Endemic to New Guinea. PAPUA.
  7. Senecio pyrophilus & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 266; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 426; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Erechtites pyrophilus (Zoll. & Moritzi) Sch.Bip. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 96. Native to southern Malesia. JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  8. Senecio scandens -Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 178; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native from China to Indochina and Central Malesia, SULAWESI, MALUKU.
  9. Senecio sumatranus Martelli, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., 15, (1883) 301; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Senecio korintjianus Boerl., A.L.van Hasselt, Bijdr. Fl. Midd. Sumatra, 4, 2, Flora, (1884) 20. Endemic to Sumatra Island. SUMATRA.
  10. Senecio tenuifolius f., Fl. Ind., (1768) 181; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Doronicum tenuifolium Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient., (1846) t. 1129. – Senecio laciniosus Arn., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., 18, 1, (1836) 350. – Senecio multifidus Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1986. Native from India to Java Island. JAVA.

 

SIGESBECKIA L.

  1. Sigesbeckia orientalis, Sp. Pl., (1753) 900; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 401; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). – Minyranthes heterophylla Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24 (I), (1851) 181. – Sigesbeckia brachiata Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 439. – Sigesbeckia caspia Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 11, (1838) 284. – Sigesbeckia droseroides Sweet, Hort. Brit., (1826) 235. – Sigesbeckia esquirolii H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 8, (1910) 59. – Sigesbeckia glutinosa Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3182. – Sigesbeckia gracilis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 496. – Sigesbeckia humilis Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 34, (1925) 24. – Sigesbeckia iberica Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2220. – Sigesbeckia microcephala DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 496. – Sigesbeckia orientalis f. angustifolia Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 18, (1904) 100. – Sigesbeckia orientalis var. tenggerensis Hochr., Candollea, 5, (1934) 320. – Sigesbeckia triangularis Cav., Icon., 3, (1795) 27. Native to tropical and subtropical Old World. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, MALUKU.

 

SONCHUS L.

  1. Sonchus malayanus, Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 113; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 435; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Sonchus oreophilus Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 114. Native to western Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA.
  2. Sonchus wightianus , Prodr., 7, (1838) 187; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Sonchus lachnocephalus Rech.f., Biol. Skr., 8, 2, (1955) 202. – Sonchus lingianus C.Shih, Acta Phytotax. Sin., 29, (1991) 553. – Sonchus picris H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 8, (1910) 451. Native from Pakistan to Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, MALUKU

 

SPHAERANTHUS L.

  1. Sphaeranthus africanus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1314; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 391; J. Kost., Blumea, 20, (1982) 196; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Merrill, Phillip. J. Sci. 1 (Suppl. 3) (1906) 246; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Sphaeranthus cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 510. – Sphaeranthus glaber DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 370. – Sphaeranthus globosus Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 369. – Sphaeranthus hildebrandtii Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 25, (1890) 326. – Sphaeranthus indicus Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist., 46, (1877) 183. – Sphaeranthus laevigatus Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 369. – Sphaeranthus microcephalus Vatke, Oesterr. Bot. Z., 25, (1875) 326. – Sphaeranthus microcephalus Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2395. – Sphaeranthus ovalis Steetz, W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique, 6 (Bot., 2), (1864) 413. – Sphaeranthus paniculatus Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 50, (1827) 211. – Sphaeranthus sphenocleoides Oliv. & Hiern, Fl. Trop. Afr., 3, (1877) 333. – Sphaeranthus suberiflorus Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan., 8, (1919) 55. Native from Kenya, Tropical and Subtropical Asia, to Australia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.
  2. Sphaeranthus indicus, Sp. Pl., (1753) 927; Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 413; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 391; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; POWO (2024). – Oligolepis indicus (L.) Cass. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 210. – Sphaeranthus hirtus Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2395. – Sphaeranthus mollis Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 446. Native from India, China, Tropical Asia, to Australia. SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  3. Sphaeranthus senegalensis , Prodr., 5, (1836) 370; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Sphaeranthus alatus Blanco, Fl. Filip., (1837) 635. – Sphaeranthus lecomteanus O.Hoffm. & Muschl. in Mém. Soc. Bot. France, 8, (1910) 114. – Sphaeranthus mossambiquensis Steetz in W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6, Bot., 2, (1864) 421. – Sphaeranthus polycephalus Oliv. & Hiern in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 29, (1873) 95. Native from tropical Africa, India, China, Indochina, to Malesia. JAVA.

 

SPHAEROMORPHAEA DC.

  1. Sphaeromorphaea harrisii (F.Muell.) A.R.Bean, Austrobaileya, 9, (2013) 41; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Epaltes harrisii F.Muell., Fragm., 11, (1880) 101. – Erigerodes harrisii Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 335. Native from New Guinea to Australia. PAPUA.

 

SPHAGNETICOLA O.Hoffm.

  1. Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski, Novon, 6, (1996) 411; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Complaya chinensis (Osbeck) Strother, Syst. Bot. Monogr., 33, (1991) 14. – Jaegeria calendulacea Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 500. – Polymnia benghalensis Poir. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 377. – Polymnia calendulacea Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl., 4, (1816) 482. – Seruneum calendulaceum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Solidago chinensis Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa, (1757) 241. – Thelechitonia chinensis (Osbeck) H.Rob. & Cuatrec., Phytologia, 72, (1992) 142. – Verbesina calendulacea L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 902. – Wedelia bengalensis Rich., C.H.Persoon, Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 490. – Wedelia calendulacea Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 222, nom. illeg. – Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 12, (1917) 111; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 404. – Wedelia linearis Zoll., Flora, 30, (1847) 534. – Wedelia zollingeriana Sch.Bip. ex C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 136. Native from China, Japan, to Tropical Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI.

 

SPILANTHES Jacq.

  1. Spilanthes anactinaMuell., Fragm., 5, (1865) 63; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ceratocephalus anactinus (F.Muell.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 326. – Spilanthes chamaecaula A.H.Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 42, (1907) 528. Native from India to Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN.

 

STROBOCALYX (Blume ex DC.) Spach

  1. Strobocalyx arborea (Buch.-Ham.) Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 18-19, (1861) 171; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia arborea (Buch.-Ham.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 969. – Conyza acuminata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3084. – Conyza arborea Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3074, not validly publ. – Conyza wightiana Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3028. – Decaneurum javanicum (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 20. – Eupatorium acuminatum Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 32. – Eupatorium celebicum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 903. – Eupatorium javanicum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 903. – Flustula tomentosa Raf., Sylva Tellur., (1838) 116. – Gymnanthemum acuminatum Steetz, W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique, 6 (Bot., 2), (1864) 336. – Gymnanthemum arboreum (Buch.-Ham.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 112, (1999) 240. – Leucomeris celebica Blume ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 21. – Leucomeris glabra Blume ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 22. – Leucomeris javanica Blume ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 22. – Strobocalyx blumeana Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 18-19, (1861) 171. – Strobocalyx celebica Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 18-19, (1861) 171. – Strobocalyx javanica Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 18-19, (1861) 171. – Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 14, (1824) 218; Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 382; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 371; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Wiriadinata & Wawo, Berita Biologi, 9, 2, (2008) 194; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 4; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 116; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020). – Vernonia arborea var. javanica (Blume) C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 23. – Vernonia blumeana DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 22. – Vernonia celebica (Blume) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 21. – Vernonia cuspidata Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 753. – Vernonia florescens Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 2, (1910) 685. – Vernonia javanica (Blume) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 22. – Vernonia monosis Benth. ex C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 24. – Vernonia urdanetensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 7, (1915) 2591. – Vernonia vaniotii H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 12, (1913) 531. – Vernonia vivekanathanii Uniyal, Fl. India, 13, (1995) 391. Native from China to Tropical Asia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

TARAXACUM F.H.Wigg.

  1. Taraxacum javanicum Soest, Wentia, 10, (1963) 56; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; POWO (2024). Native to India and western Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA.

 

TETRAMOLOPIUM Nees

  1. Tetramolopium alinae (F.Muell.) Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 62, (1929) 414; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  2. Tetramolopium bicolor Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24. (1966) 582; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  3. Tetramolopium carstenszenseRoyen, Alpine Fl. New Guinea, 4, (1983) 3291; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  4. Tetramolopium corallioides Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24. (1966) 567; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 160; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  5. Tetramolopium crepatutarumRoyen, Alpine Fl. New Guinea, 4, (1983) 3263; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  6. Tetramolopium distichum, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 62, (1929) 415; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  7. Tetramolopium ericoides, Nova Guinea, 14, (1932) 522; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  8. Tetramolopium fasciculatum Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24. (1966) 574; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 160; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  9. Tetramolopium klossii (S.Moore) Mattf., Nova Guinea, 14, (1932) 521; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 160; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  10. Tetramolopium lanatum Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24. (1966) 579; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  11. Tetramolopium macrum (F.Muell.) Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 62, (1929) 413, 495; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  12. Tetramolopium piloso-villosum, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 62, (1929) 414; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 160; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  13. Tetramolopium prostratum, Nova Guinea, 14, (1932) 523; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 160; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  14. Tetramolopium tenue Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24. (1966) 575; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 160; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  15. Tetramolopium virgatum, Nova Guinea, 14, (1932) 524; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.
  16. Tetramolopium wilhelminae Kost., Nova Guinea, Bot., 24. (1966) 577; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 160; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to New Guiena. PAPUA.

 

VERNONIA Schreb.

  1. Vernonia actaea Kost., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 34, (1933) 4; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 452; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to central to southern Malesia. SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA.
  2. Vernonia albifolia Kost., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 34, (1933) 5; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 403; Wardani, Floribunda, 4, 5, (2012) 110; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  3. Vernonia amboinensis Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 398; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Maluku. MALUKU.
  4. Vernonia borneensis, Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 16; Merrill, Phillip. J. Sci. 1 (Suppl. 3) (1906) 586; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Borneo. KALIMANTAN.
  5. Vernonia capituliflora, Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 19; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  6. Vernonia coerulea Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 423; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to southern Malesia. NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
  7. Vernonia coronata Kost., Blumea, Suppl. 4, (1958) 177; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  8. Vernonia cymosa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 894; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 424; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 373; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia rugosa (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 971. – Vernonia rugosa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 894. Native from Nicobar Island to Malesia. SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  9. Vernonia durifolia Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 399; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  10. Vernonia elmeri, Philipp. J. Sci., C 5, (1910) 252; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 417; J. Kost., Blumea, 4, (1941) 490; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to central Malesia. SULAWESI, MALUKU.
  11. Vernonia floresiana Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 444; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  12. Vernonia forbesiiMoore, J. Bot., 63 (Suppl.), (1925) 54; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 450; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  13. Vernonia junghuhniana Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 404; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 373; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to southern Malesia to Australia. JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  14. Vernonia kabaensis Kost., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 34, (1933) 1; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 400; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sulawesi. SULAWESI.
  15. Vernonia lamii Kost., Blumea, Suppl. 4, (1958) 174; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  16. Vernonia letlensis Kost., . Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 445; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to central to southern Malesia. SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA.
  17. Vernonia luxuriosa Kost., Blumea, Suppl. 4, (1958) 175; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  18. Vernonia moluccensis, Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 19; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 435; J. Kost., Blumea, 7, (1952) 288; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native from central to southern Malesia. SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
  19. Vernonia patentissima Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 397; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  20. Vernonia prolifera, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 408; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  21. Vernonia reinwardtiana de Vriese & Miq. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 15; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 443; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sulawesi. SULAWESI.
  22. Vernonia subdentata Kost., Blumea, Suppl. 4, (1958) 171; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  23. Vernonia subsimplex , Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv., (1861) 535; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia subsimplex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 971. Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  24. Vernonia subtilis Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 422; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Sulawesi. SULAWESI.
  25. Vernonia sumbavensis Kost., Blumea, 7, (1952) 288; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  26. Vernonia tengwallii Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 420; Wardani, Floribunda, 4, 5, (2012) 110; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  27. Vernonia timorensis Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 455; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  28. Vernonia walshae Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 454; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to central to southern Malesia. KALIMANTAN, NUSA TENGGARA.
  29. Vernonia wetarensis Kost., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 34, (1933) 3; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 440; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to central to southern Malesia. NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.

 

WOLLASTONIA DC. ex Decne.

  1. Wollastonia biflora (L.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 546; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Acmella biflora (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 591. – Adenostemma biflorum (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 156. – Melanthera biflora (L.) Wild, Kirkia, 5, (1965) 4; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 118. – Niebuhria biflora (L.) Britten, J. Bot., 39, (1901) 69. – Seruneum biflorum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Stemmodontia biflora (L.) W.Wight, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 9, (1905) 377. – Verbesina biflora L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1272. – Wedelia biflora (L.) DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 18; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 404; Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 268; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Suhadjono, Berita Biologi, 11, 2, (2012) 223; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). Native from Mozambique, western Indian Ocean, tropical Asia, to Pacific.
    • Wollastonia biflora biflora, POWO (2024). – Anthemiopsis macrophylla Bojer ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 547. – Buphthalmum helianthoides G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr., (1786) 57. – Eclipta scabriuscula Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3212. – Lipochaeta ovata R.C.Gardner, Rhodora, 81, (1979) 321. – Melanthera glandulosa ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 547. – Microchaeta strigulosa Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 7, (1841) 452. – Seruneum scabriusculum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Seruneum strigulosum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Verbesina strigulosa Gaudich., Voy. Uranie, (1829) 463. – Verbesina urticifolia Span. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 73. – Wedelia aristata Less., Linnaea, 6, (1831) 160. – Wedelia scabriuscula Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 9, (1887) 223. – Wedelia strigulosa K.Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 9, (1887) 223, nom. nud. – Wedelia wallichii var. megalantha H.Chuang, Fl. Yunnanica, 13, (2004) 833. – Wollastonia strigulosa DC. ex Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 414. – Wollastonia zanzibarensis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 547. – SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
    • Wollastonia biflora canescens (Gaudich.) Fosberg., Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 45, (1980) 33; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Seruneum canescens (Gaudich.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Stemmodontia canescens (Gaudich.) W.Wight, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 9, (1905) 377. – Verbesina argentea, Voy. Uranie, (1829) 463. – Verbesina canescens Gaudich., Voy. Uranie, (1829) 463. – Wedelia argentea (Gaudich.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 9, (1914) 155. – Wedelia canescens (Gaudich.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 9, (1914) 155. – Wedelia chamissonis Less., Linnaea, 6, (1831) 161. – Wollastonia canescens (Gaudich.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 547. – Wollastonia scabriuscula DC. ex Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 414. NUSA TENGGARA.
  2. Wollastonia glabrata, Coll. Mém., 9, (1838) t. 7; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Seruneum glabratum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 465. – Wedelia glabrata Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 242. Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands, possible escape to Java and Sumatra. SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
  3. Wollastonia scabriuscula ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 70; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Seruneum pedunculatum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Wedelia schultziana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 69. Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. NUSA TENGGARA.
  4. Wollastonia serrulata, Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 74; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Seruneum serrulatum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Wedelia serrulata Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, (1891) 241. Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.

 

YOUNGIA Cass.

  1. Youngia japonica (L.) DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 194; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 437; Kost., Blumea, 23, (1976) 166; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 119; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Megawati et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 6, 3, (2017) 243; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Crepis japonica (L.) Benth., Fl. Hongk., (1861) 194. – Prenanthes japonica, Mant. Pl., 1, (1767) 107. Native tropical and subtropical Asia.
    • Youngia japonica japonica, POWO (2024). – Chondrilla japonica, Encycl., 2, (1786) 79. – Chondrilla multiflora Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2, (1811) 332. – Chondrilla runcinata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3272. – Crepis fastigiata Sch.Bip., H.Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 125. – Crepis formosana Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 30, 1, (1911) 163. – Crepis taquetii H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 11, (1912) 307. – Lactuca japonica Regel, Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus), 1866, (1867) 91. – Lactuca napifolia DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 27. – Lactuca taquetii H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 8, (1910) 140. – Lactuca taraxacum H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 8, (1910) 141. – Prenanthes fastigiata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 886. – Prenanthes multiflora Thunb., J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14., (1784) 715. – Prenanthes napifolia Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3277. – Prenanthes poosia Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3265. – Prenanthes striata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 885. – Youngia ambigua DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 193. – Youngia fastigiata DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 193. – Youngia formosana (Hayata) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 14, (1938) 53. – Youngia gracilis Miq., J. Bot. Néerl., 1, (1861) 106 — Youngia integrifolia Cass., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 23, (1831) 89. – Youngia japonica var. formosana (Hayata) H.L.Li, Fl. Taiwan, 4, (1978) 965. – Youngia mauritiana DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 192. – Youngia multiflora DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 194. – Youngia napifolia DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 193. – Youngia poosia DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 193. – Youngia runcinata DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 192. – Youngia striata DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 193. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA.

 

INTRODUCED

ACANTHOSPERMUM Schrank

  1. Acanthospermum hispidum, Prodr. 5, (1836) 522; J. Kost., Blumea 25, (1979) 254; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Acanthospermum humile var. hispidum (DC.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 303. Native of South America, introduced into Madagascar, Africa, India, Malesia, and Northern Australia. Java, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.

 

ACHILLEA L.

  1. Achillea alpina, Sp. Pl., (1753) 899; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 418; POWO (2024). – Ptarmica alpina (L.) DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 22. Native to Asian Northern hemisphere from Siberia, Japan, to China, introduced to Malesia.
    • Achillea alpina alpina, POWO (2024). – Achillea alpina brevidens (Makino) Kitam. ex Akasawa, Bull. Kochi Women’s Univ., Ser. Nat. Sci., 28, (1980) 2. – Achillea alpina longiligulata H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 58, (1983) 35. – Achillea alpina var. mongolica (Fisch. ex Spreng.) Kitag., Neolin. Fl. Manshur., (1979) 608. – Achillea angustifolia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 204. – Achillea bocconii W.D.J.Koch, Index Seminum (Erlangensi), 1834, (1834) 4. – Achillea commutata Heimerl, Flora, 66, (1883) 385. – Achillea cristata Willd., Diss. de Achill., (1789) n. 4, 8. – Achillea denticulata Besser ex Heimerl, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., 48, (1884) 188. – Achillea depressa Fisch. ex Herder, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 38 (I), (1865) 405. – Achillea mongolica Fisch. ex Spreng., Nov. Provent., (1818) 3. – Achillea punctata Moench, Methodus, (1794) 603. – Achillea ramosissima Moench, Suppl. Meth., (1802) 256. – Achillea sibirica Ledeb., Index Seminum (TU, Dorpatensis), [s.p.] (1811) 1811. – Achillea sibirica var. brevidens (Makino) Ohwi, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 33, (1953) 88. – Achillea sibirica subsp. mongolica (Fisch. ex Spreng.) Heimerl, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr., 48, (1884) 188. – Achillea sinensis Heimerl, Acta Horti Gothob., 12, (1937-1938 publ. 1938) 254. – Ptarmica bocconei Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 411. – Ptarmica cartilaginea Miq. ex Heimerl, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., 48, (1884) 188, not validly publ. – Ptarmica mongolica (Fisch. ex Spreng.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1837) 22. – Ptarmica sibirica (Ledeb.) Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 2: 528 (1845). Java.
  2. Achillea millefolium, Sp. Pl., (1753) 899; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 418; J. Kost., Blumea 22, (1975) 211; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 43; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Achillea dentifera DC., in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 5, (1815) 485. – Achillea tanacetifolia var. dentifera W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., 2, (1837) 374. – Achillea tenuifolia, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 204. – Alitubus millefolium (L.) Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées, (1867) 500. – Chamaemelum millefolium (L.) E.H.L.Krause, in J.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 13, (1905) 216 Native from Subarctic and Temperate Northern Hemisphere to Guatemala, introduced into the Malay Archipelago, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, North and South America.
    • Achillea millefolium millefolium, POWO (2024). – Achillea albicaulis C.A.Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer., (1831) 76. – Achillea albida Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol., Suppl., (1814) 61, nom. nud. – Achillea alpicola (Rydb.) Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 33, (1906) 157. – Achillea ambigua Pollini, Viagg. Lago di Garda, (1816) 117. – Achillea ambigua , Fl. Orient., 3, (1875) 255, not validly publ. – Achillea anethifolia Fisch. ex Herder, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 38 (I), (1865) 404, not validly publ. – Achillea angustissima Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34, 3, (1916) 225. –Achillea arenicola A.Heller, Muhlenbergia, 1, (1904) 61. – Achillea bicolor Wender., Flora 12 (1, Ergänzungsbl.), (1829) 25. – Achillea borealis Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat., 2, (1832) 149. – Achillea borealis var. arenicola (A.Heller) J.T.Howell, Leafl. W. Bot., 5, (1948) 107. – Achillea borealis subsp. arenicola (A.Heller) D.D.Keck, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash., 520, (1940) 299. – Achillea borealis subsp. californica (Pollard) D.D.Keck, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash., 520, (1940) 299. – Achillea borealis var. californica (Pollard) J.T.Howell, Leafl. W. Bot., 5, (1948) 107. – Achillea borealis f. fusca (Rydb.) Hultén, Acta Univ. Lund., 2, 46, 1, (1950) 1542. – Achillea borealis var. fusca (Rydb.) G.N.Jones, Bot. Surv. Olympic Penins., (1936) 250. – Achillea borealis subsp. typica D.D.Keck, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash., 520, (1940) 299, not validly publ. – Achillea californica Pollard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 26, (1899) 369. – Achillea compacta Lam., Encycl., 1, (1783) 27. – Achillea coronopifolia Willd., Diss. de Achill., (1789) 18. – Achillea crassifolia Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 13. – Achillea crassifolia Dietr. ex Colla, Herb. Pedem., 3, (1834) 463. – Achillea cristata DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 25, not validly publ. – Achillea cuspidata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3230, not validly publ. – Achillea dentifera Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs., 1, (1831) 230, sensu auct. – Achillea eradiata Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23, (1920) 105. – Achillea fusca Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34, 3, (1916) 221. – Achillea gigantea Pollard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 26, (1899) 370. – Achillea gracilis Raf., Atlantic J., 1, (1833) 177. – Achillea haenkeana Tausch, Flora, 4, (1821) 567. – Achillea lanata Lam., Fl. Franç., 3, (1779) 640. – Achillea lanulosa Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7, (1834) 36. – Achillea lanulosa subsp. alpicola (Rydb.) D.D.Keck, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash., 520, (1940) 300. – Achillea lanulosa var. alpicola Rydb., Mem. New York Bot. Gard., 1, (1900) 426. – Achillea lanulosa var. arachnoidea Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 1, (1910) 235. – Achillea lanulosa var. eradiata (Piper) M.Peck, Man. Pl. Oregon, (1941) 763. – Achillea lanulosa subsp. megacephala (Raup) Argus, Publ. Bot. (Ottawa), 12, (1982) 94, no basionym ref. – Achillea lanulosa f. peroutkyi F.Seym., Fl. Lincoln Co., (1960) 331. – Achillea lanulosa f. rubicunda Farw., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci., 3, (1924) 107. – Achillea lanulosa subsp. typica D.D.Keck, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash., 520, (1940) 299, not validly publ. – Achillea laxiflora Pollard & Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15, (1902) 179. – Achillea magna L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1267. – Achillea marginata Turcz. ex Ledeb., Fl. Ross., 2, (1845) 532, not validly publ. – Achillea megacephala Raup, J. Arnold Arbor. 17, (1936) 306. – Achillea millefolium f. albiflora Dabrowska, Acta Univ. Wratislav., Prace Bot., 24, (1982) 131. – Achillea millefolium var. alpicola (Rydb.) Garrett, Spring Fl. Wasatch, (1911) 101. – Achillea millefolium var. alpinum Gaudin, Fl. Helv., 5, (1829) 374. – Achillea millefolium var. arenicola (A.Heller) Ferris, Contr. Dudley Herb., 4, (1958) 102. – Achillea millefolium subsp. atrotegula B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist, 65, (1951) 10. – Achillea millefolium subsp. balearica Sennen, Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat., 27, (1928) 215. – Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw., Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 11, (1929) 268. – Achillea millefolium subsp. borealis (Bong.) Breitung, Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 58, (1957) 58. – Achillea millefolium f. californica (Pollard) H.M.Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 3, (1907) 211. – Achillea millefolium var. californica (Pollard) Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif., (1925) 1137. – Achillea millefolium var. colliniformis Dabrowska, Acta Univ. Wratislav., Prace Bot., 24, (1982) 118. – Achillea millefolium subsp. compacta (Lam.) Bonnier & Layens, Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France, (1894) 169. – Achillea millefolium var. densiloba P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland, 4, (2006) 556. – Achillea millefolium var. dipetala Dabrowska, Acta Univ. Wratislav., Prace Bot., 24, (1982) 119. – Achillea millefolium f. discolor B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist, 65, (1951) 11. – Achillea millefolium var. dissecta Dabrowska, Acta Univ. Wratislav., Prace Bot., 24, (1982) 131. – Achillea millefolium var. fulva B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist, 65, (1951) 11. – Achillea millefolium var. fusca (Rydb.) G.N.Jones, Bot. Surv. Olympic Penins., (1936) 250. – Achillea millefolium var. gigantea (Pollard) Ferris, Contr. Dudley Herb., 5, (1958) 102. – Achillea millefolium var. gracilis Raf. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 24. – Achillea millefolium var. iserana Podp., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 54, (1904) 338. – Achillea millefolium f. iserana Hayek, G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., 6, (1928) 571. – Achillea millefolium subsp. lanata Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital., (1882)361, nom. illeg. – Achillea millefolium subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper, Mazama, 2, (1901) 97. – Achillea millefolium var. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg., (1901) 196. – Achillea millefolium var. lapponica Montell, Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn., 20, (1945) 94. – Achillea millefolium var. litoralis Ehrend. ex Ferris, Contr. Dudley Herb., 5, (1958) 101. – Achillea millefolium var. lobata Dabrowska, Acta Univ. Wratislav., Prace Bot., 24, (1982) 120. – Achillea millefolium var. magna Gaudin, Fl. Helv., 5, (1829) 374. – Achillea millefolium var. maritima Dabrowska, Acta Univ. Wratislav., Prace Bot., 24, (1982) 119, nom. illeg. – Achillea millefolium var. maritima Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif., (1925) 1137. – Achillea millefolium var. megacephala (Raup) B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist, 65, (1951) 10. – Achillea millefolium f. neumannii Montell, Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn., 20, (1945) 94. – Achillea millefolium var. nigrescens E.Mey., Pl. Labrador., (1830) 65. – Achillea millefolium var. nobilior Wahlenb., Fl. Suecica, 2, (1826) 536. – Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 24. – Achillea millefolium subsp. occidentalis (DC.) Hyl, Uppsala Univ. Årsskr., 1945, 7, (1945) 314. – Achillea millefolium var. pacifica (Rydb.) G.N.Jones, Bot. Surv. Olympic Penins., (1936) 250. – Achillea millefolium subsp. pallidotegula B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist, 65, (1951) 9. – Achillea millefolium var. parviligula B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist, 65, (1951) 11. – Achillea millefolium subvar. parviligulata Farw., Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 12, (1930) 73. – Achillea millefolium var. parvula B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist, 65, (1951) 11. – Achillea millefolium var. pedemontana Briq. & Cavill., E.Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit., 6, (1917) 213. – Achillea millefolium f. perrubriflora C.G.Westerl., Bot. Not., 1906, (1906) 1. – Achillea millefolium f. pseudopannonica Pamp., Boll. Mus. Republ. San Marino, 4, (1920) 117. – Achillea millefolium var. puberula (Rydb.) Ferris, Contr. Dudley Herb., 5, (1958) 102. – Achillea millefolium var. purpurea Wirtg., Fl. Coblenz, (1841) 101. – Achillea millefolium f. rhodantha Lepage, Naturaliste Canad., 81, (1954) 260. – Achillea millefolium var. rosea Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 457. – Achillea millefolium f. roseiflora B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist, 65, (1951) 12. – Achillea millefolium f. roseoides Breitung, Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 58, (1957) 69. – Achillea millefolium f. rubicunda (Farw.) Farw., Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 11, (1929) 268. – Achillea millefolium var. russeolata B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist, 65, (1951) 10. – Achillea millefolium subsp. setacea P.Fourn., Quatre Fl. France, (1939) 968, nom. illeg. – Achillea millefolium proles setacea Rouy, G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France, 8, (1903) 249, nom. illeg. – Achillea millefolium var. sordida W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., (1837) 373. – Achillea millefolium var. spathulata Dabrowska, Acta Univ. Wratislav., Prace Bot., 24, (1982) 120. – Achillea millefolium var. sylvatica Wirtg., Fl. Coblenz, (1841) 101. – Achillea millefolium var. villosum Hartm., Handb. Skand. Fl., (1820) 319. – Achillea nabelekii Heimerl, Spisy Přír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ., 52, (1925) 12. – Achillea nigrescens (E.Mey.) Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34, 3, (1916) 221. – Achillea occidentalis (DC.) Raf. ex Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 37, (1910) 456. – Achillea ochroleuca Eichw., Naturhist. Skizze Lithauen Volhynien Podolien, (1830) 149, not validly publ. – Achillea ossica K.Koch, Linnaea, 24, (1851) 323. – Achillea pacifica Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34, 3, (1916) 222. – Achillea palmeri Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34, 3, (1916) 221. – Achillea pecten-veneris Pollard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 26, (1899) 371. – Achillea pratensis Saukel & R.Länger, Phyton (Horn), 32, (1992) 32. – Achillea pseudotanacetifolia Wierzb. ex Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv., 16, (1854) 69. – Achillea puberula Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34, 3, (1916) 223. – Achillea scabra Host, Fl. Austriaca, 2, (1831) 512. – Achillea setacea Schwein., Account Exped. Pittsburgh, 2, (1823) 396, nom. illeg. – Achillea sordida (W.D.J.Koch) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Fl. Tirol, 6, 3, (1911) 529. – Achillea subalpina Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit., 1, (1905) 145. – Achillea subhirsuta Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782) 217, opus utique oppr. – Achillea submellifolium Klokov & Krytzka, Tysjachelistniki, (1984) 220. – Achillea sylvatica Becker, Fl. Frankfurt 1, (1827) 295. – Achillea tanacetifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8., (1768) n. 7. – Achillea tenuis Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv., (1866) 329. – Achillea tomentosa Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept., 2, (1813) 563, nom. illeg. – Achillea virgata DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 31, not validly publ. – Achillios millefoliatus St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, 7, (1880) 118, orth. var. – Chamaemelum tanacetifolium (Mill.) E.H.L.Krause, Deutsch. Fl., 13, (1905) 217. – Millefolium officinale Gueldenst. ex Ledeb., Fl. Ross., 2, (1845) 532. – Millefolium vulgare Gueldenst. ex Ledeb., Fl. Ross., 2, (1845) 532. – Ptarmica borealis (Bong.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 21. – Alchemilla tenuifolia var. albicaulis Trautv., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, 2, (1873) 546. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.
  3. Achillea ptarmica, Sp. Pl., (1753) 898; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 418; POWO (2024). – Achillea sylvestris Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 458. Native to Europe, introduced worldwide.
    • Achillea ptarmica ptarmica, POWO (2024). – Achillea acuminata Freyn, Oesterr. Bot. Z., 45, (1895) 344. – Achillea dracunculoides , Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3, (1829) 180. – Achillea fragilis Balb. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 23. – Achillea grandifolia M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas., 2, (1808) 444. – Achillea grandis Fisch. ex Herd, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 38 (I), (1865) 407. – Achillea ircutiana Sch.Bip., Flora, 38, (1855) 15. – Achillea lenensis Turcz. ex DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 295. – Achillea leucanthema Pers., Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 467. – Achillea linearis Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 13. – Achillea maxima Fischer ex Heimerl, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., 48, (1884) xlviii, not validly publ. – Achillea multiplex P.Renault, Fl. Orne, (1804) 78. – Achillea partheniflora Fisch. ex Herder, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 38 (I), (1865) 407. – Achillea ptarmica var. godroniana Heimerl, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., 48, (1884) 174. – Achillea ptarmica var. latifolia Heimerl, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., 48, (1884) 177. – Achillea ptarmica var. longifolia Boenn., Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal., (1824) 260. – Achillea ptarmica var. parvifolia Boenn., Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal., (1824) 260. – Achillea ptarmica var. pubescens DC., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 4, (1805) 211. – Achillea ptarmica var. ruprechtiana Heimerl, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., 48, (1884) 178. – Achillea ptarmica var. tubulosa C.G.Westerl., Bot. Not., 1888, (1888) 193. – Achillea ptarmica var. vulgaris Heimerl, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., 48, (1884) 174. – Achillea serrulata Hornem., Enum. Pl. Hort. Hafn., Suppl., 2, (1808) 1. – Alitubus pyrenaicus Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées, (1867) 500. – Chamaemelum ptarmica E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2., 13, (1905) 214. – Chrysanthemum ptarmicifolium Puschk. ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2151. – Matricaria ptarmicifolia Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 3, (1814) 603. – Ptarmica grandiflora DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 23. – Ptarmica integrifolia Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782) 216, opus utique oppr. – Ptarmica ircutiana DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 22. – Ptarmica lenensis Heimerl, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., 48, (1884) 175. – Ptarmica pyrenaica Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 364. – Ptarmica vulgaris Hill, Brit. Herb., (1756) 457. – Ptarmica vulgaris DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 23. – Pyrethrum sylvestris var. plena Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 458. – Santolina ptarmica Baill.,Hist. Pl., 8, (1882) 311. Java.

 

 

ACILEPIS D.Don

  1. Acilepis dendigulensis (DC.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 112, (1999) 226; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia indica Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 970. – Conyza indica Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3042. – Decaneurum dendigulense DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, 7, (1834). – Decaneurum dindigulense DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, 7, (1834). – Gymnanthemum dendigulense (DC.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst., 2, (1843) 948. – Lysistemma dendigulense Steetz, W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique, 6, Bot., 2, (1864) 341. – Vernonia indica Wall. ex C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., 16 (1876). Native from India to western Indochina, somehow introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java.

 

 

ACMELLA Rich ex Pers.

  1. Acmella alba (L’Hér.) R.K.Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr., 8, (1985) 62; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Spilanthes alba L’Hér., Stirp. Nov., 7 (1785). Native to southern America, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java.
  2. Acmella brachyglossa , G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 50, (1827) 258; Al Anshori et al., Floribunda 7, 1, (2022) 19; POWO (2024). – Ceratocephalus caespitosus (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 326. – Spilanthes arrayana Gardner, London J. Bot., 7, (1848) 408. – Spilanthes caespitosa DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 622. – Spilanthes eggersii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 28, (1901) 608. – Spilanthes limonica A.H.Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 42, (1907) 541. – Spilanthes ocymifolia f. radiifera A.H.Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 42, (1907) 533. Native from Mexico to Tropical Africa, introduced to Malesia. Java.
  3. Acmella caulirhiza Delile, Cent. Pl. Afr. Voy. Méroé, 335 (1826); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Eclipta filicaulis Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl., (1827) 390. – Spilanthes abyssinica Bip. ex Hochst., Flora, 24, 1, Intelligenzbl., (1841) 26, nom. nud. – Spilanthes africana DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 623. – Spilanthes caulirhiza (Delile) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 623. – Spilanthes filicaulis (Schumach. & Thonn.) C.D.Adams, Webbia, 12, (1956) 326 –Spilanthes mauritiana DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 625. Native from tropical to southern Africa, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  4. Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8, (1985) 65; POWO (2024). – Anacyclus pyrethraria Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3, (1826) 497. – Bidens acmelloides Bergius, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 29, 2, (1768) 245. – Bidens fervida Lam., Encycl. 1 (1785) 415. – Bidens fixa Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1881) 307. – Bidens fusca Lam., Encycl. 1, (1785) 416. – Bidens oleracea Cav. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 203. – Cotula dichotoma Pers.,Syn. Pl. 2, (1807) 464. – Cotula pyrethraria L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 116. – Isocarpha pyrethraria (L.) Cass., Diet. Sei. Nat. 26, (1823) 280. – Pyrethraria dichotoma Pers. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 420. – Pyrethrum spilanthus Medik., Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sei. Theod.-Palat. 3, (1775) 242. – Spilanthes acmella oleracea (L.) C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3, (1881) 307. – Spilanthes calva var. oleracea (Jacq.) Mehrotra, Aswal & B.S.Bisht, Indian Medicin. Pl. 143, (1987). – Spilanthes fusca Lam., Encycl. 1 (1785) 416. – Spilanthes oleracea L., Syst. nat. 2, (1767) 534; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 407. – Spilanthes oleracea var. fusca (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 624. – Spilanthes radicans Schrad. ex DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 624. Only known native to Southeastern Brazil, introduced to tropical Africa, Europe, and tropical Asia including Malesia. Java.
  5. Acmella radicans (Jacq.) R.K.Jansen, Bot. Monogr., 8, (1985) 69; Al Anshori et al., Floribunda 7, 1, (2022) 19; POWO (2024). – Acmella debilis Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 24, (1822) 331. – Acmella radicans var. debilis (Kunth) R.K.Jansen, Syst. Bot. Monogr., 8,: 72 (1985) 72. – Acmella tenella (Kunth) Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 24,: 331 (1822) 331. – Ceratocephalus debilis (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 326. – Ceratocephalus exasperatus (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 326. – Ceratocephalus tenellus (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 326. – Sanvitalia longepedunculata M.E.Jones, Contr. W. Bot., 18, (1933) 78. – Spilanthes botterii S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 26, (1891) 141. – Spilanthes debilis Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 165. – Spilanthes exasperata Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar., 3, (1792) 15. – Spilanthes exasperata var. cayennensis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 626. – Spilanthes leucophaea Sch.Bip. ex Klatt, Leopoldina, 23, (1887) 144. – Spilanthes mandonii Sch.Bip., Linnaea, 34, (1866) 529. – Spilanthes ocymifolia var. acutiserrata A.H.Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 42, (1907) 533. – Spilanthes radicans Jacq., Collectanea, 3, (1791) 229. – Spilanthes tenella Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 165. Native from Mexico, Carribean, Venezuela, to Bolivia, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  6. Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass, Diet. Sei. Nat. (ed. 2) 24, (1822) 331; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Ceratocephalus acmella depauperata Kuntze, Revis, Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 326. – Ceratocephalus acmella var. uliginosa (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 326. – Coreopsis acmella var. uliginosa (Sw.) E.H.L.Krause, Beih. Bot. Centrabl. 32, (1914) 340. – Jaegeria uliginosa (Sw.) Spreng., Syst. veg. 3 (1826) 590. – Spilanthes acmella var. uliginosa (Sw.) Baker, Fl. Bras. 6, 3, (1884) 233. – Spilanthes charitopis A.H.Moore, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19, (1911) 427. – Spilanthes iabadicensis A.H.Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 42, (1907) 542; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 408; J. Kost., Blumea 25, (1979) 279. – Spilanthes lundii DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 622. – Spilanthes salzmanni DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 623. – Spilanthes uliginosa Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. (1788) 110. – Spilanthes uliginosa var. discoidea Aristeg., Flora Venez. 10, (1964) 616. Native to Tropical America, introduced to several tropical old world including Malesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.

 

ADENOCAULON Hook.

  1. Adenocaulon bicolor, Bot. Misc. 1: 19 (1829); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Adenocaulon bicolor integrifolium (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer., 2, (1841) 94. – Adenocaulon integrifolium Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 7, (1840) 289. Native from Canada to U.S.A., introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

ADENOSTEMMA J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

  1. Adenostemma lavenia (L.) Kuntze, Rev. gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 304; Merrill, Bibl. Enum. Born. Pl. (1921) 587; J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 470; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 376; Panigrahi, Kew Bull. 30, (1975) 649; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Orchard, Telopea 13, (2011) 346; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 116; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Verbesina lavenia L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 902. – Adenostemma lavenia var. typicum J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 471. – Verbesina lavenia L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 902. Native of India, Sri Lanka, Indo-China, southern China, Japan, Malesia, Australia, to Pacific Islands.
    • Adenostemma lavenia lavenia, POWO (2024). Native to Sri Lanka, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara.
    • Adenostemma lavenia microcephalum (DC.) J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 474; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Adenostemma microcephalum DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 111. Native to India and Bangladesh, introduced to Indonesia. Maluku.

 

AGERATINA Spach

  1. Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 19, (1970) 211; POWO (2024). – Ageratina trapezoidea (Kunth) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 24, (1972) 98. – Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3, (1826) 420; J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 502; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 378; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Eupatorium glandulosum Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 96. – Eupatorium pasadenense Parish, Zoe 5, (1900) 75. – Eupatorium trapezoideum Kunth,, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1847, (1847) 13 Native to Mexico, introduced to neighboor territory and another tropical region country including Java. Java.
  2. Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 19, (1970) 216; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Ageratina repens (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 19, (1970) 216. – Ageratina ventillana (Cuatrec.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 19, (1970) 217. – Eupatorium harrisii Urb., Symb. Antill. 1, (1899) 460; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 378. – Eupatorium riparium Regel, Gartenflora 15, (1866) 324; J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 501; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Eupatorium ventillanum Cuatrec., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52, (1965) 305. – Fleischmannia repens B.L.Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 54, (1918) 262. Native to Mexico, introduced to neighboor territory and another tropical region country. Java, Nusa Tenggara.

 

 

AGERATUM L.

  1. Ageratum conyzoides, Sp. Pl. (1753) 839; J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 484; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 377; Hastuti et al., 4, 1, (2002) 37; Indaryani et al., 4, 1, (2002) 63; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 116; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Ageratum album Steud., Nomencl. Bot. 1, (1821) 18. – Ageratum arsenei B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 64, (1922) 3. – Ageratum brachystephanum Regel,, Gartenflora 3, (1854) 245. – Ageratum ciliare L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 839. – Ageratum coeruleum Desf., Tabl. École Bot., (1804) 98. – Ageratum conyzoides inaequipaleaceum Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19, (1894) 44. – Ageratum conyzoides subsp. latifolium (Cav.) M.F.Johnson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58, (1971) 31. – Ageratum conyzoides var. obtusifolium (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 108- Ageratum cordifolium Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3, (1832) 415. – Ageratum hirsutum Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 1, (1810) 242. – Ageratum hirtum Lam., Encycl. 1, (1783) 54. – Ageratum humile Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 188. – Ageratum humile Larrañaga, Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 1, (1922) 406. – Ageratum koulianum Bhellum, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 39, (2016) 421. – Ageratum latifolium Cav., Icon. 4, (1797) 33. – Ageratum latifolium (Benth.) Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2, (1881) 82. – Ageratum latifolium var. galapageium B.L.Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 49, (1913) 466,. – Ageratum muticum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I., (1861) 356. – Ageratum nanum Sch.Bip., Garten-Nachr. 1, (1858) 26. – Ageratum obtusifolium Lam., Encycl. 1, (1783) 54. – Ageratum odoratum E.Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre, (1866) 42. – Ageratum oerstedii B.L.Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 49, (1913) 472. – Ageratum oliveri R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 28, (1974) 491. – Ageratum sandwicense H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11, (1912) 63. – Ageratum suffruticosum Regel, Gartenflora 3, (1854) 389. – Alomia coelestina B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 90, (1930) 4. – Caelestina latifolia Benth., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1852, (1853) 71. – Caelestina suffruticosa Sweet, Hort. Brit., (1826) 229. – Carelia brachystephana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 325. – Carelia conyzoides (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 325. – Carelia latifolia (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 325. – Carelia mutica Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 325. – Eupatorium conyzoides (L.) E.H.L.Krause, Deutschl. Fl. (Sturm), ed. 2. 13, (190) 32. – Eupatorium paleaceum Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., (1894) 181. – Phalacraea coelestina Regel, Gartenflora 1854, (1854) 388. – Sparganophorus obtusifolius Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl., (1816) 25. Native of Mexico, introduced pantropically. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Papua.
  2. Ageratum houstonianum, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, (1768) n. 2; J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 490; Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 377; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Ageratum conyzoides houstonianum (Mill.) T.R.Sahu, Feddes Repert. 93, (1982) 64. – Ageratum conyzoides subsp. houstonianum (Mill.) M.Sharma, Geobios, New Rep. 3 (1984) 152. – Ageratum conyzoides var. mexicanum (Sims) DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 108. – Ageratum houstonianum var. angustatum B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 68, (1923) 6. – Ageratum houstonianum f. isochroum B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 68, (1923) 6. – Ageratum houstonianum f. luteum B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 68, (1923) 6. – Ageratum houstonianum var. muticescens B.L.Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 51, (1916) 532. – Ageratum houstonianum f. niveum B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 68, (1923) 6. – Ageratum houstonianum f. normale B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 68, (1923) 5. – Ageratum houstonianum var. typicum B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 68, (1923) 5. – Ageratum houstonianum f. versicolor B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 68, (1923) 6. – Ageratum mexicanum Sims, Bot. Mag. 52, (1824) t.2524. – Ageratum mexicanum var. majus Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1, (1894) 445. – Ageratum mexicanum var. wendlandii Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1, (1894) 445. – Ageratum pinetorum (L.O.Williams) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 24, (1972) 115. – Ageratum wendlandii Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre ed. 4, 2 (1894). – Alomia pinetorum L.O.Williams, Fieldiana, Botany 31, 2, (1964) 25. – Cacalia mentrasto Vell., Fl. Flumin., (1829) 339. – Carelia houstoniana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 325. Native of Mexico to Central America, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java.

 

 

ALDAMA La Llave

  1. Aldama dentata La Llave, P.de La Llave & J.M.de Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr., 1, (1824) 14; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gymnopsis dentata (La Llave) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 561. – Sclerocarpus dentatus (La Llave) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot., 2, (1881) 164. Native from Mexico, Honduras, to Venezuela.

 

AMBROSIA L.

  1. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Sp. Pl. (1753) 988; POWO (2024). – Ambrosia artemisiifolia subsp. diversifolia Piper,, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11, (1906) 551. – Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior (L.) Descourt., Fl. Méd. Antilles 1, (1821) 239; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 399. – Ambrosia artemisiifolia f. gracilissima D.Cîrțu & M.Cîrțu, Stud. Conun., Bot. 5 (1972) 116. – Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. jamaicensis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I., (1861) 370. – Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. octocornis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 305. – Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. paniculata Blank., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 18, 173 (1907) 173. – Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. quadricornis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 305. – Ambrosia artemisiifolia f. villosa Fernald & Griscom, Rhodora 37, (1935) 185. – Ambrosia chilensis Hook. & Arn., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3, (1841) 311. – Ambrosia diversifolia Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 33, (1922) 18. – Ambrosia elata Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 175. – Ambrosia elatior L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 987. – Ambrosia elatior var. artemisiifolia (L.) Farw., Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 15, (1913) 190. – Ambrosia elatior f. aurea Priszter, Magyar Fl. Veg. 7, (1985) 57. – Ambrosia elatior var. heterophylla Farw., Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 15, (1913) 190. – Ambrosia glandulosa Scheele, Linnaea 22, (1849) 157. – Ambrosia monophylla (Walter) Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 33, (1922) 17. – Ambrosia paniculata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, (1803) 183. – Ambrosia senegalensis DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 525. – Ambrosia umbellata Moench, Suppl. Meth., (1802) 272. – Iva monophylla Walter, Fl. Carol., (1788) 232. Native to North America, introduced worldwide. Java.

 

AMMOBIUM R.Br.

  1. Ammobium alatumBr., Bot. Mag. 51, (1824) t. 2459; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 396. – Ammobium plantagineum G.Don, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, (1830) 333. – Ammobium spathulatum Gaudich., Voy. Uranie (1830) 467. – Gnaphalium alatum E.H.L.Krause, Deutschl. Fl. (Sturm), ed. 2. 13, (1905) 126. – Helichrysum alatum Baill., Hist. Pl. 8, (1882) 302, 314. – Ixodia ammobium Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4, 2, (1827) 300 Native to eastern and southeastern Australia, introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

ANACYCLUS L.

  1. Anacyclus radiatus, Fl. Gall. 2, (1807) 583; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 417. Native to Macaronesia and Mediterania, introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

ANAPHALIS DC.

  1. Anaphalis latifolia & Vainberg, Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R., 9, 528, (1988) 281; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Tajikistan, introduced to Indonesia. SUMATRA.
  2. Anaphalis saxatilis , Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 240; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Anaphalis zollingeri Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 24, II, (1851) 84. – Anaphalis zollingeriana Sch.Bip. ex Zoll., Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 124. – Antennaria saxatilis DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 271. – Gnaphalium saxatile Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826), 899, nom. illeg. Native from India and Sri Lanka, introduced to Indonesia. Java, Sulawesi.
  3. Anaphalis subdecurrens (DC.) Gamble, Fl. Madras, (1921) 695; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Gnaphalium indicum Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl., (1860), 166 nom. illeg. – Gnaphalium subdecurrens DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 21. Native from India, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  4. Anaphalis virgata Thomson ex C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 107; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Anaphalis stoliczkae C.B.Clarke in Compos. Ind., (1876) 108. – Anaphalis virgata var. stoliczkae (C.B.Clarke) Aswal in Fl. Lahaul-Spiti, (1994) 327. Native from Afghanistan, Xinjiang, to Himalaya, introduced to Indonesia.

 

 

ARCTIUM L.

  1. Arctium lappa, Sp. Pl., (1753) 816; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Arctium lappa majus Arènes, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles, 20, (1950), 75, not validly publ. – Arctium majus Bernh., Syst. Verz. Erf., (1800), 154, nom. superfl. – Arctium ruderale Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796), 184, nom. superfl. – Lappa Arctium Hill, Veg. Syst., 4, (1762) 51. – Lappa bardana Moench, Methodus, (1794) 552, nom. superfl. – Lappa bardana var. major Čelak., Prodr. Fl. Böhmen, (1871), 249, not validly publ. – Lappa communis Coss., Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, (1845), 389, nom. superfl. – Lappa communis var. major Coss., Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, (1845), 389, not validly publ. – Lappa lappa (L.) H.Karst., Deut. Fl., (1883), 1121, not validly publ. – Lappa major Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl., 2, (1791), 379, nom. superfl. – Lappa officinalis All., Fl. Pedem., 1, (1785), 145, nom. superfl. Native to temperate Eurasia.
    • Arctium lappa lappa, Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Arcion majus Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 124. – Arcion tomentosum Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 124. – Arctium adhaerens Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782), 182, opus utique oppr. –Arctium bardana Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1632. – Arctium chaorum Klokov, Fl. URSR, 11, (1962) 560. – Arctium edule (Siebold ex Miq.) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 31, (1952) 112. – Arctium grandiflorum Desf., Cat. Pl. Horti Paris., ed. 3, (1829) 154. – Arctium lappa majus Gaertn. ex Fiori, A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia, 3, (1904), 317 nom. illeg. – Arctium lappa var. purpurascens Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora, 12, (1910) 45. – Arctium lappa var. vulgare (Hill) Farw., Asa Gray Bull., 3, (1895) 22, not validly publ. – Arctium majus var. minus Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 435. – Arctium vulgare (Hill) Druce, Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1906, (1906) 222. – Bardana Arctium Hill, Hort. Kew., (1768) 64. – Bardana lappa Hill, Herb. Brit., 1, (1769) t.79. – Lappa bardana subsp. major Čelak., Prodr. Fl. Böhmen, (1871), 249, not validly publ. –lappa edulis Siebold ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi, 2, (1866) 185. – Lappa glabra Lam., Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 37. – Lappa major subvar. purpurascens Le Grand, Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot., 2, (1899) 69. – Lappa nemorosa Körn. ex Griewank, Arch. Vereins Freunde Naturgesch. Mecklenburg, 23, (1870) 189. – Lappa officinalis var. foliosa Wallr., Sched. Crit., (1822) 450. – Lappa vulgaris Hill, Veg. Syst., 4, (1762) 28. – Lappa vulgaris var. major Neilr., Fl. Wien, (1846) 267. Native to temperate Eurasia, introduced to Indonesia. Maluku.

 

ARCTOTIS L.

  1. Arctotis stoechadifoliaJ.Bergius, Pl. Cap., (1767) 324; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 430; 198 POWO (2024). – Anemonospermos stoechadifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 306. – Arctotis decumbens Thunb., Arctotis, (1799) 9. – Arctotis grandiflora Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3, (1789) 272. – Arctotis grandis Thunb., Arctotis, (1799) 8. – Arctotis stoechadifolia var. bergii DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 488. – Centaurea incana Burm.f., Fl. Ind., Prodr. Fl. Cap., (1768) 28. Native to South Africa, introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

ARGYRANTHEMUM Webb

  1. Argyranthemum foeniculaceum (Willd.) Webb ex Sch.Bip., P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 2, (1844) 262; Humphries, Bull. Br. mus. nat. hist. bot. 5, 4, (1976) 180; POWO (2024). – Chrysanthemum anethifolium Brouss. ex Willd., Enum. Pl. 2, (1809) 904; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 419. – Chrysanthemum foeniculaceum Steud., Nomencl. Bot. 1, (1821) 192. – Matricaria feniculacea Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 3, (1814) 605. – Pyrethrum foeniculaceum Willd., Enum. Pl. 2, (1809) 903. – Pyrethrum foeniculaceum Link, Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins., (1825) 149. Native to Macaronesia, introduced to Malesia. Java.
  2. Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip., P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 2, (1844) 264; Humphries, Bull. Br. mus. nat. hist. bot. 5, 4, (1976) 196; POWO (2024). – Anthemis frutescens Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1, (1894) 511. – Chrysanthemum carnosulum DC., Prodr. 6 (1838) 65. – Chrysanthemum frutescens L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 887; Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 419. – Chrysanthemum frutescens Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2, (1800) 161. – Ismelia frutescens (Less.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 255. – Phymaspermum carnosulum (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks., Index Kew. 1, (1893) 526. – Pinardia frutescens Less., Linnaea 6, (1831) 168. – Pyrethrum frutescens (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3, (1803) 2150. – Scyphopappus frutescens (Less.) B.Nord., Bot. Not. 129, (1976) 149 native to Macaronesia, introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

 

ARTEMISIA L.

  1. Artemisia annua L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 847; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 423; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Artemisia annua f. macrocephala Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 639. – Artemisia chamomilla C.Winkl., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10, (1887) 87. – Artemisia exilis Fisch. ex DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 119. – Artemisia hyrcana Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3, (1826) 434. – Artemisia plumosa Fisch. ex Besser, Prodr. 6, (1838) 119. – Artemisia stewartii C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 162. – Artemisia suaveolens Fisch., Prodr. 6, (1838) 119. – Artemisia wadei Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20, (1846) 72. Native to Asia Tropical, Asia Temperate, Northern Africa, and Eastern Europe, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  2. Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2, 3. (1780) 209; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Absinthium mollissimum Besser, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 1, (1829) 265. – Artemisia capillaris var. acaulis Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 646. – Artemisia capillaris var. arbuscula Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi, 2, (1866) 175. – Artemisia capillaris f. glabra Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 648. – Artemisia capillaris var. sachalinensis (Tilesius ex Besser) Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 646. – Artemisia capillaris f. sericea (Nakai) Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 647. – Artemisia capillaris var. sericea Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo,) 26, (1912) 99. – Artemisia hallaisanensis Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 29, (1915) 4. – Artemisia hallaisanensis var. formosana Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 658. – Artemisia hallaisanensis f. parvula Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 659. – Artemisia hallaisanensis var. philippinensis Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 658. – Artemisia hallaisanensis f. swatowiana Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 659 – Artemisia japonica var. hallaisanensis (Nakai) Kitam., Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol., 15, (1940) 386. – Artemisia japonica f. vestita Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 669. – Artemisia mollissima D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 182. – Artemisia sachalinensis Tilesius ex Besser, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 8, (1835) 48. – Draconia capillaris (Thunb.) Soják, Čas. Nár. Muz., Rada Přír., 152, (1983) 20. – Oligosporus capillaris (Thunb.) Poljakov, Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhst. S.S.R., 11, (1967) 167. Native to Asia temperate from Pakistan to Japan, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  3. Artemisia cina Berg, Darstell. Beschr. Off. Gew., 4, (1863) t.29c; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Seriphidium cinum (O.Berg) Poljakov in Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhst. S.S.R., 11, (1961) 176. Native to Central Asia from Iran to Uzbekistan, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  4. Artemisia dracunculus L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 849; Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 423; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Absinthium cernuum Moench, Methodus, (1794) 579. – Achillea dracunculus Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 13. – Artemisia aromatica A.Nelson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27, (1900) 273. – Artemisia cernua Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2, (1818) 143. – Artemisia desertorum var. macrocephala Franch., Rastit. Turkest., (1883) 88. – Artemisia dracunculiformis Krasch., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 9, (1946) 172. – Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept., (1813) 742. – Artemisia dracunculoides var. brevifolia Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2, (1843) 416. – Artemisia dracunculoides var. incana Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2, (1843) 416. – Artemisia dracunculoides var. tenuifolia Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2, (1843) 416. – Artemisia dracunculoides var. wolfii Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32, (1905) 128. – Artemisia dracunculus var. humilis (Krylov) Poljakov, Fl. URSS 26, (1961) 533. – Artemisia dracunculus f. humilis Krylov, Fl. Alt. 3, (1904) 633. – Artemisia dracunculus var. pratorum Krasch., Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. S.S.S.R. Bot. Inst. Vsesojuzn. Akad. Nauk 10, (1936) 3179. – Artemisia dracunculus var. redowskyi (Ledeb.) Turcz. ex Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 2, (1845) 563. – Artemisia dracunculus subsp. typica H.M.Hall & Clem., Phylogen. Meth., (1923) 115. – Artemisia dracunculus var. wolfii Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32, (1905) 128. – Artemisia glauca var. cernua (Nutt.) Bush, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11, (1928) 27. – Artemisia glauca var. dracunculoides (Pursh) Bush, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11, (1928) 26. – Artemisia glauca var. magacephala B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 82, (1955) 167. – Artemisia inodora Willd., Enum. Pl. 2, (1809) 864. – Artemisia nutans Fraser ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2, (1813) 742. – Artemisia redowskyi Ledeb., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg Hist. Acad. 5, (1815) 574. – Artemisia simplicifolia Pamp., Fl. Caracorùm, ser. 2, 11, (1934) 174. – Draconia dracunculiformis (Krasch.) Soják, Cas. Nár. Muz., Rada Prír. 152, (1983) 20. – Draconia dracunculus (L.) Soják, Cas. Nár. Muz., Rada Prír. 152, (1983) 20. – Oligosporus condimentarius Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 36, (1825) 26. – Oligosporus crithmifolius (L.) Poljakov, Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhst. S.S.R. 11, (1961) 169. – Oligosporus dracunculiformis (Krasch.) Poljakov, Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhst. S.S.R. 11, (1961) 166. – Oligosporus dracunculinus (S.Watson) Poljakov, Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhst. S.S.R. 11, (1961) 170. – Oligosporus dracunculoides (Pursh) Poljakov, Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhst. S.S.R. 11, (1961) 170. – Oligosporus dracunculus (L.) Poljakov, Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhst. S.S.R. 11, (1961) 166. – Oligosporus nuttallianus (Besser ex Hook.) Poljakov, Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhst. S.S.R. 11, (1961) 168. Native to northern hemisphere, extended to some southern part including Java Island. Java, Nusa Tenggara.
  5. Artemisia indica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1846; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Artemisia vulgaris var. indica (Willd.) Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt., (1844) 102. Native on Asia mainland from India to Korea and Japan.
  1. Artemisia lactiflora ex DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 115; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 422; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Artemisia lactiflora f. henryana Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 675. – Artemisia lactiflora f. septemlobata (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 675. – Artemisia septemlobata H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7, (1909) 22. Native to eastern Asia, extended into Malesia. Sumatra, Java.
  2. Artemisia roxburghiana Besser, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 9, (1836) 57; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Asia mainland from Afghanistan to Indochina.
  1. Artemisia scoparia & Kit, Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1, (1802) 66; Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 423; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Artemisia capillaris f. elegans (Roxb.) Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 645. – Artemisia capillaris var. grandiflora Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 46, (1939) 558. – Artemisia capillaris f. kohatica (Klatt) Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 642. – Artemisia capillaris f. myriocephala Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 646. – Artemisia capillaris var. scoparia (Waldst. & Kit.) Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 642. – Artemisia capillaris f. villosa (Korsh.) Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 644. – Artemisia capillaris f. williamsonii Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 34, (1927) 646. – Artemisia elegans Roxb., Hort. Bengal., (1814) 61. – Artemisia gracilis L’Hér. ex DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 100. – Artemisia kohatica Klatt, Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, (1878) 91. – Artemisia piperita Pall. ex Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 4, (1833) 88. – Artemisia scoparia var. heteromorpha Kitag., Lin. Fl. Manshur., (1939) 431. – Artemisia scoparia f. sericea Kom., Fl. Manshur. 3, (1907) 651. – Artemisia scoparia subsp. villosa Chrustaleva & Kupr., Chin. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. 3, (1997) 16. – Artemisia scoparia f. villosa Korsh., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12, (1892) 352. – Artemisia scopariiformis Popov, Descr. Pl. Nov. Turkest. 1, (1915) 50. – Artemisia scoparioides Grossh., Trans. Geo-Bot. Invest. Pasture-lands, Azerbaijan, Ser. A 2, (1929) 69. – Artemisia trichophylla Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 100. – Draconia scoparia (Waldst. & Kit.) Soják, Cas. Nár. Muz., Rada Prír. 152, (1983) 21. – Oligosporus scoparius (Waldst. & Kit.) Less., Linnaea 9, (1834) 191 native to Eurasia, introduced to Malesia. Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara.
  2. Artemisia umbrosa (Besser) Turcz. ex Verl., Index Seminum (GR, Gratianopolis), 1875, (1875) 12; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Artemisia araneosa Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 2, (1933) 171. – Artemisia clemensiana Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 36, (1930) 441. – Artemisia codonocephala Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 5, (1912) 186. – Artemisia grisea Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 36, (1930) 454. – Artemisia lavandulifolia DC., Prodr., 6, (1838), 110, nom. illeg. – Artemisia shansiensis Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 36, (1930) 454. – Artemisia selengensis var. umbrosa (Besser) Ledeb., Fl. Ross., 2, (1846) 584. – Artemisia selengensis subsp. umbrosa (Besser) Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 34, II, (1862) 96. – Artemisia tristis Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 36, (1930) 458. – Artemisia vulgaris var. umbrosa Besser, Tent. Arbot. (1832) 53. Native from East europe, Russia Far East, to China and Japan, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  3. Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte, Mém. Assoc. Franç. Cong. Clermont-Ferrant, 1876, (1876) 511; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Artemisia vulgaris subsp. verlotiorum (Lamotte) Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France, 5, (1922) 90. – Artemisia vulgaris f. serratifolia Regel, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4, 4, (1861) 86. Native from Himalaya to China, introduced to Malesia. Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara.
  4. Artemisia vulgaris, Sp. Pl., (1753) 848; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 422; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Absinthium vulgare (L.) Dulac. Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées, (1867) 502. – Artemisia coarctata Forselles, Linn. Inst. Skr., (1807) 12. – Artemisia vulgaris var. coarctata (Forselles) Hartm., Handb. Skand. Fl., (1820) 309. – Artemisia vulgaris subsp. litoralis H.M.Hall & Clem., Phylogen. Meth., (1923) 76. – Artemisia vulgaris var. typica H.St.John, Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 1, (1929) 106. – Artemisia vulgaris subsp. typica H.M.Hall & Clem., Phylogen. Meth. 73, (1923) 10. Native to Eurasia, Russia Far East, and northern Africa.

 

 

ASTER L.

  1. Aster incisus, Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 3, (1812) 76; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 384; POWO (2024). – Aster pinnatifidus f. robustus Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27, (1913) 115- Aster robustus (Makino) Yonek., J. Jap. Bot. 80, (2005) 330. – Asteromoea incisa (Fisch.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37, (1923) 56. – Boltonia incisa (Fisch.) Benth., Fl. Hongk., (1861) 173. – Grindelia incisa (Fisch.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3, (1826) 575. – Kalimeris incisa (Fisch.) DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 258; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). – Kalimeris incisa var. australis (Kitag.) Kitag., Neolin. Fl. Manshur., (1979) 652. – Kalimeris incisa var. robusta (Makino) Kitag., Neolin. Fl. Manshur., (1979) 653. – Kalimeris platycephala Cass. ex Nees, Gen. Sp. Aster., (1832) 226 native to northern Asia from Siberia, Northern China, to Japan, introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

 

AUSTROEUPATORIUM R.M.King & H.Rob.

  1. Austroeupatorium inulifolium (Kunth) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 19, (1970) 434; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Megawati et al., 2017: 243; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Austroeupatorium entreriense (Hieron.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 19, (1970) 434. – Eupatorium cinereum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I., (1861) 359. – Eupatorium duodecimiflorum Sch.Bip. ex Baker, Fl. Bras. 6, 2, (1876) 318. – Eupatorium entreriense Hieron, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22, (1897) 767. – Eupatorium horsfieldii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, (1856) 27; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 499. – Eupatorium inulifolium Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 85; J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 496; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 496; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Eupatorium inulifolium f. lasiophlebium B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb. 100, (1932) 15. – Eupatorium inulifolium f. suaveolens Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28, (1901) 572. – Eupatorium inulifolium f. typicum B.L.Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 54, (1918) 292. – Eupatorium molle Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 85 Eupatorium orgyale DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 174. – Eupatorium pallescens DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 154. – Eupatorium pallescens var. bonariense DC., Prodr. 7, 1, (1838) 269. – Eupatorium pallescens var. hirsutum DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 154. – Eupatorium pallidum Hook. & Arn., Companion Bot. Mag. 1, (1836) 241. – Eupatorium paranense Hook. & Arn. Bot. Mag. 1, (1836) 241. – Eupatorium suaveolens Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 86. – Uncasia pallescens Greene., Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1, (1903) 13. Native of tropical America, introduced and naturalized pantropically. Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku.

 

AYAPANA Spach

  1. Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 20, (1970) 212; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Ayapana officinalis Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. (Spach) 10, (1841) 290. – Eupatorium ayapana Vent., Vent. In: Jard. Malmaison 3, (1803) t. 3. – Eupatorium luzoniense Llanos, Fragm. Pl. Filip., (1851) 88. – Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3, (1794) 97; Merrill, Bibl. Enum. Born. Pl., (1921) 587; J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 493; Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 378; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). Native of tropical America, introduced and naturalized in Malesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi.

 

BACCHAROIDES Moench

  1. Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench, Methodus, (1794) 578; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ascaricida anthelminthica (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., (1826) 219. – Ascaricida indica Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 3, Suppl. (1817), 38 nom. superfl. – Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Gamble, Fl. Madras (1921) 667. – Conyza anthelmintica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1207. – Dolosanthus silvaticus Klatt, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 4, (1896) 473. – Phyllocephalum anthelminticum (L.) S.R.Paul & S.L.Kapoor, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 6, (1985) 728. – Serratula anthelmintica (L.) Roxb., Hort. Bengal. (1814) 60. – Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1634. – Vernonia stenolepis Oliv., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2, (1887) 337. Native to tropical Africa, India, and Indochina, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

BALTIMORA L.

  1. Baltimora recta, Mant. Pl., (1771) 288; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 398; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Baltimora alata Meerb., Afb. Zeldz. Gew. 3, (1777) t. 30. – Baltimora alba Pers., Syn. Pl. 2, (1807) 489. – Baltimora monocephala Klatt, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9, (1894) 360. – Baltimora recta var. genuina Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12, (1913) 370. – Baltimora recta var. scolospermum Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12, (1913) 370. – Baltimora scolospermum Steetz, Bot. Voy. Herald 4, (1854) 154. – Baltimora scolospermum var. panamensis Steetz, Bot. Voy. Herald 4, (1854) 154. – Baltimora trinervata Moench, Methodus, (1794) 592. – Fougeria tetragona Moench, Suppl. Meth., (1802) 243. – Fougerouxia alba (Pers.) DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 510. – Fougerouxia recta (L.) DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 510. – Milleria alba Pers., Syn. Pl. 2, (1807) 489. – Scolospermum baltimoroides Less., Linnaea 5, (1830) 152. – Scolospermum fougerouxiae DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 509. – Seruneum populifolium Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1, (1891) 365. – Sphagneticola annua Orchard, Blumea 58, (2013) 49. – Timanthea tristis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 208. – Wedelia populifolia Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy., (1841) 435. Native to tropical America, introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

BARTLETTINA R.M.King & H.Rob.

  1. Bartlettina sordida (Less.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 22: 161 (1971); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Conoclinium ianthinum C.Morren, Ann. Soc. Roy. Agric. Gand 5, (1849) 173. – Eupatorium atrorubens G.Nicholson, Dict. 1, (1885) 540. – Eupatorium ianthinum Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2, (1881) 96. – Eupatorium megalophyllum Klatt, Leopoldina 20, (1884) 90. – Eupatorium panamense (Carrière) N.E.Br., Suppl. Johnson’s Gard. Dict., (1882) 927. – Eupatorium raffillii Hemsl., Bot. Mag. 134, (1908) t.8227. – Eupatorium septuplinervium Klatt, Leopoldina 20, (1884) 90. – Eupatorium sordidum Less., Linnaea 6, (1831) 403; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 379; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Eupatorium sordidum var. atrorubens (Lem.) Miranda, Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17, (1946) 135. – Eupatorium thespesiifolium DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 164. – Hebeclinium atrorubens Lem., Ill. Hort. 9, (1862) t.310. – Hebeclinium ianthinum Hook., Bot. Mag. 77, (1851) t.4574. – Hebeclinium megalophyllum Lem., Ill. Hort. 9, (1862) t.310. – Hebeclinium panamense Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 1877, (1877) 330. – Hebeclinium sordidum Sch.Bip. ex J. Kost., Blumea 1, (1935) 494. – Neobartlettia sordida (Less.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Phytologia 21, (1971) 296. Native of Mexico to Guatemala, introduced to Malesia. Sumatra, Java.

 

 

BIDENS L.

  1. Bidens bipinnata, Sp. Pl., (1753) 832; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 413; as Bidens bipinnatus; J. Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 262, as Bidens bipinnatus; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). – Bidens bipinnata var. biternatoides Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90, (1930) 397. – Bidens bipinnata var. minor Memm., J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 30, (1915) 148. – Bidens bipinnata var. simplicior F.Muell., Fragm. (1869). – Bidens cicutifolia Tausch, Flora 19, (1836) 395. – Bidens cynapiifolia var. portoricensis (Spreng.) O.E.Schulz, I.Urban, Symb. Antill. 7, (1911) 131. – Bidens decomposita Wall. ex DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 602. – Bidens elongata Tausch, Flora 19, (1836) 395. – Bidens fervida Colla, Herb. Pedem. 3, (1834) 306. – Bidens myrrhidifolia Tausch, Flora 19, (1836) 394. – Bidens pilosa var. bipinnata (L.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3, (1881) 309. – Bidens portoriccensis Spreng. ex DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 601. – Bidens wallichii DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 598. – Kerneria bipinnata Gren. & Godr., Fl. France 2, (1850) 169. Native to northern America, introduced troughout teh world including Malesia. Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi.
  2. Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 88: 293 (1929); Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 413, as Bidens biternatus; J. Kost., Blumea 25, (1979) 261, as Bidens biternatus; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 116; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Actinea biternata Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3, (1826) 574. – Bidens abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 6, 1, (1846) 167. – Bidens chinensis Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3, (1803) 1719. – Bidens cylindrica Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81, (1926) 28. – Bidens kotschyi Sch.Bip. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 6, 1, (1846) 168. – Bidens laciniata Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 283. – Bidens lasiocarpa O.E.Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50 (Suppl.), (1914) 185. – Bidens pilosa f. rubiflora S.S.Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 5, (1995) 601. – Bidens quadriseta Hochst. ex Oliv. & Hiern, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3, (1877) 393. – Bidens robertianifolia H.Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8, (1910) 140. – Coreopsis biternata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2, (1790) 508. Native to tropical and subtropical Old World. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.
  3. Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth, F.W.H.A.Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & K.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 185; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Bidens bipinnata var. cynapiifolia (Kunth) M.Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 19, (1890) 275. – Bidens cynapiifolia var. tenuis O.E.Schulz, Symb. Antill., 7, (1911) 131. – Bidens cynapiifolia var. typica Sherff, Brittonia, 6, (1948), 340, not validly publ. Native from Mexico to southern America, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  4. Bidens pilosa Sp. Pl., (1753) 832; J. Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 259, as Bidens pilosus; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Bidens abadiae DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 601. – Bidens abadiae var. pilosoides Sherff, Bot. Gaz., 81, (1926) 40. – Bidens abadiae var. typica Sherff, Brittonia 6, (1948) 340. – Bidens adhaerescens Vell., Fl. Flumin., (1829) 348. – Bidens africana Klatt, Bull. Herb. Boissier 4, (1896) 464. – Bidens alausensis Kunth, F.W.H.A.Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & K.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 184. – Bidens arenaria Gand., Fl. Lyon., (1875) 122. – Bidens aurantiaca Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 27, (1895) 388. – Bidens barrancae M.E.Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 18, (1933) 82. – Bidens bimucronata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 24, I, (1851) 184. – Bidens californica DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 599. – Bidens caracasana DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 600. – Bidens chilensis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 603. – Bidens chilensis var. apiifolia DC., Prodr. ,5, (1836) 604. – Bidens decussata Pav. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 202. – Bidens hirsuta Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7, (1841) 369. – Bidens hirta Jord., Fl. France, 2, (1850) 168. – Bidens hispida Kunth, in F.W.H.A.Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & K.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 186. – Bidens leucanthema var. pilosa (L.) Griseb.,Cat. Pl. Cub., (1866) 155. – Bidens montaubani Phil., Anales Mus. Nac. Santiago de Chile 2, Bot., 8, (1891) 49. – Bidens odorata Cav., Icon., 1, (1791) 9. – Bidens odorata var. calcicola (Greenm.) R.E.Ballard, Amer. J. Bot., 73, (1986) 1462. – Bidens orendainae M.E.Jones, Contr. W. Bot., 18, (1933) 82. – Bidens paleacea Vis., Nuovi Saggi Imp. Regia Accad. Sci. Padova, 5, (1840) 266. – Bidens pilosa f. alausensis Sherff, Brittonia, 6, (1948) 340. – Bidens pilosa var. alausesis (Kunth) Sherff, Bot., Gaz. 81, (1926) 35. – Bidens pilosa var. apiifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz., 85, (1928) 1. – Bidens pilosa f. bimucronata Sherff, Brittonia, 6, (1948) 340. – Bidens pilosa var. bimucronata O.E.Schulz, Symb. Antill., 7, (1911) 138. – Bidens pilosa var. brevifoliata Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 29, (1900) 48. – Bidens pilosa var. calcicola Sherff, Bot. Gaz., 80, (1925) 377. – Bidens pilosa f. calcicola (Sherff) Sherff, Brittonia, 6, (1948) 340. – Bidens pilosa subvar. discoidea Pit., Iles Canaries, (1908) 226. – Bidens pilosa f. discoidea Sch.Bip., in P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries, 3, 2, (1844) 242. – Bidens pilosa var. discoidea J.A.Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. Ins., (1852) 197. – Bidens pilosa f. dissecta Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 80, (1925) 379. – Bidens pilosa f. dondiifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz., 97, (1936) 607. – Bidens pilosa var. dubius O.E.Schulz, Symb. Antill., 7, (1911) 135. – Bidens pilosa f. indivisa Sherff, Bot. Gaz., 88, (1929) 297. – Bidens pilosa var. minor (Blume) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 80, (1925) 387. – Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 413, as Bidens pilosus var. minor. – Bidens pilosa f. monophylla Sherff, Brittonia, 6, (1948) 340. – Bidens pilosa f. odorata Sherff, Bot. Gaz., 81, (1926) 41. – Bidens pilosa f. pilosior Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 322. – Bidens pilosa f. pinnata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 322. – Bidens pilosa f. scandicina Sherff, Bot. Gaz., 81, (1926) 36. – Bidens pilosa f. simplex Sherff, Bot. Leafl., 8, (1953) 22. – Bidens pilosa f. subbiternata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 322. – Bidens pilosa var. subbiternata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 322. – Bidens pilosa f. subsimplicifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 322. – Bidens pilosa f. ternata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 322. – Bidens pilosa f. triaristata Sherff, Bot. Leafl., 8, (1953) 22. – Bidens pilosa var. typica Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 89, (1928) 681. – Bidens pilosa f. umbrosa Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90, (1930) 394. – Bidens pinnata Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten, 5, 4, (1790) 8. – Bidens reflexa Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt., 2, (1822) 306. – Bidens rosea var. calcicola Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 41, (1905) 264. – Bidens scandicina Kunth, in F.W.H.A.Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & K.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., 4, (1918) 184. – Bidens striata Schott ex Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard.: t. 237. – Bidens sundaica Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., 15, (1826) 913. – Bidens sundaica var. minor Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., 15, (1826) 914. – Bidens taquetii H.Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 20, (1910) 3. – Bidens valparadisiaca Colla, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, 28, (1835) 12. – Bidens viciosoi Pau, Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat., 7, (1908) 78. – Ceratocephalus pilosus (L.) Rich., Cat. Pl. Jard. Méd. Paris, (1801) 91. – Coreopsis corymbifolia Buch.-Ham. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 602. – Coreopsis leucantha L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, (1763) 1282. – Coreopsis multifida var. mutica DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 573. – Coreopsis odorata Lam., Tabl. Encycl., 2, (1796) t. 704, f. 1. – Cosmea pilosa (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3, (1826) 615. – Cosmos pinnatus Jacq. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 426. – Glossogyne chinensis Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 212. – Kerneria dubia Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 24, (1822) 398. – Kerneria pilosa (L.) Lowe, Man. Fl. Madeira 1, (1868) 474. – Kerneria pilosa var. discoidea Lowe, Man. Fl. Madeira 1, (1868) 474. – Kerneria tetragona Moench, Methodus, (1794) 595. native at tropical and subtropical America, intoduced pantropically. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.
  5. Bidens sandvicensis , Linnaea, 6, (1831) 508; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Hawaiian islands.
  1. Bidens tripartita, Sp. Pl., (1753) 831; J. Kost., Blumea 25, (1979) 259, as Blumea tripartitus; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Bidens acuta Britton, Man. Fl. N. States, (1901) 1001. – Bidens bullata L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 833. – Bidens cannabina Lam., Fl. Franç. 2, (1779) 44. – Bidens comosa (A.Gray) Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24, (1897) 436. – Bidens comosa var. acuta Jeps., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26, (1899) 411. – Bidens connata var. comosa A.Gray, Manual, ed. 5, (1867) 261. – Bidens effusa Thuill. ex Sherff, Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 16, (1937) 268. – Bidens fastigiata Michalet, Mém. Soc. Émul. Doubs 5, (1854) 29. – Bidens frondosa Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3, (1881) 309. – Bidens hybrida Thuill., Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2, (1799) 422. – Bidens intermedia Opiz ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur. 2, (1879) 348. – Bidens minor (Wimm. & Grab.) Vorosch. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., Biol. n. s., liv. Livr. 2, (1949) 59. – Bidens minuscula Leveille Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 20, (1910) 3. – Bidens nodiflora L. Sp. Pl.:, (1753) 832. – Bidens nudiflora Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 203. – Bidens orientalis Velen. ex Bornm., Bot. Zentralbl. 36, (1888) 61. – Bidens platycephala Oerst., Index Seminum (C, Hauniensi) 1859, (1859) 27. – Bidens pumila Steud., Nomencl. Bot. 1, (1821) 108. – Bidens repens D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 180. – Bidens shimadae Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8, (1919) 60. – Bidens trifida Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3, (1832) 411. – Bidens trifoliata Gueldenst. ex Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 2, (1845) 516. – Bidens tripartita subsp. comosa (A.Gray) A.Haines, Stantec Bot. Notes 13, (2010) 2. – Bidens tripartita var. minima Huds., Fl. Angl. 2, (1778) 355. – Bidens tripartita var. orientalis (Velen.) Stoj. & Stef., Fl. Bulg. 2, (1925) 1120. – Bidens tripartita var. repens (D.Don) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81, (1926) 45; Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 412, as Bidens tripartitus var. repens. – Bidens tripartita var. shimadae (Hayata) Yamam., J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 8, (1936) 271. Native to northern hemisphere and extended to some southern part. Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.

 

BLUMEA DC.

  1. Blumea aromatica , Prodr., 5, (1836) 446; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea aromatica var. nesogenes Hochr., Candollea, 5, (1934) 309. – Blumea emeiensis Z.Y.Zhu, Guihaia, 17, (1997) 16. – Blumea leptophylla Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan., 8, (1919) 54. – Conyza aromatica Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 3054, not validly publ. – Conyza setschwanica Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin., 7, (1936) 1095. – Erigeron cochinchinensis Spreng. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 446. – Gynura  taiwanensis S.S.Ying, Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ., 30, 2, (1990) 57. – Placus aromaticus (DC.) Baill., Hist. Pl., 8, (1882) 303. Native from Himalaya, Southern China, to Phillipines, introduced to Indonesia. SUMATRA, JAVA.
  2. Blumea barbata , R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 14; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza barbata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3099. – Placus barbatus (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Native to India, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam, introduced to Indonesia. SUMATRA.
  3. Blumea fistulosa (Roxb.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist., 46, (1877) 187; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea amethystina Hance, J. Bot., 6, (1868) 173. – Blumea glomerata DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 15. – Blumea holosericea Dalzell & A.Gibson, Bombay Fl., (1861) 126. – Blumea leptoclada DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 443. – Blumea nodiflora Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1881) 262. – Blumea purpurea DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 443. – Blumea racemosa DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 442. – Blumea spinellosa DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 443. – Conyza glomerata Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 3055 not validly publ. – Conyza fistulosa Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 429. – Conyza purpurea Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 3076, not validly publ. – Conyza racemosa Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 3002, not validly publ. – Conyza sericea Wall., Numer. List, (1831), n. 3021, not validly publ. – Conyza stachyoides Spreng. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 442. – Placus glomeratus (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 356. – Placus nodiflorus (Hook.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 357. Native from Himalaya, Southern China, Indochina, to Phillipines, introduced to Indonesia. MALUKU.
  4. Blumea laevis (Lour.) Merr., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 24, 2, (1935) 386; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024) –a Baccharis laevis (Lour.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 466. – Placus laevis Lour. in Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 497. Native from Himalaya, Southern China, Indochina, to Phillipines.

 

BOLTONIA L’Hér.

  1. Boltonia asteroides L’Hér., Sert. Angl., (1789) 27; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 383; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; POWO (2024). – Actartife angustifolia Raf., Autik. Bot., (1840) 21. – Actartife cuneifolia Raf., Autik. Bot., (1840) 20. – Boltonia asteroides var. glastifolia (Hill) Fernald, Rhodora 42, (1940) 486. – Boltonia asteroides f. rosea Benke, Rhodora 34, (1932) 9. – Boltonia glastifolia L’Hér., Sert. Angl., (1789) 27. – Boltonia laevigata E.Witte, Sempervirens 1, (1903) 491. – Madea glauca Sol. ex DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 301. – Matricaria asteroides L., Mant. Pl., (1767) 116. – Matricaria glastifolia Hill, Hort. Kew., (1769) 19.Native to Northern America, introduced to Malesia. Sumatra, Java.

 

 

BRENANDENDRON H.Rob.,

  1. Brenandendron donianum (DC.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 112, (1999) 244; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia doniana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 970. – Eupatorium paniculatum Lindl. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 23. – Strobocalyx doniana Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 18-19, (1861) 171. – Vernonia andohii C.D.Adams, J. W. African Sci. Assoc., 3, 1, (1957) 115. – Vernonia doniana DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 23. Native to West Africa, introduced to Malesia. SULAWESI.

 

 

BUPHTHALTMUM L.

  1. Buphthalmum salicifolium, Sp. Pl., (1753) 904; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 397; POWO (2024). – Buphthalmum flexile Bertol., Fl. Ital. 9, (1854) 413. Native to Europe, introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

CALENDULA L.

  1. Calendula officinalis, Sp. Pl., (1753) 921; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 429; POWO (2024). – Calendula aurantiaca Kotschy ex Boiss. Exsicc. (Pl. Persiae Austr.), 1845, (1845) n. 295. – Calendula eriocarpa DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 53. – Calendula hydruntina Lanza, Atti Accad. Sci. Palermo, ser. 3, 12, (1923) 113. – Calendula officinalis var. parviflora Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 3, 3, (1898) 140. – Calendula officinalis f. pleniflora Moldenke, Phytologia, 4, (1953) 175. – Calendula prolifera Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 256. – Calendula ranunculodes Anon., Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3, 1, (1894) 539. – Calendula santamariae Font Quer, Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., 32, (1932) 120. – Calendula sinuata Boiss. & Gaill., in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 6, (1859) 109. – Calendula sinuata var. aurantiaca (Kotschy ex Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient., 3, (1875) 416. – Caltha officinalis (L.) Moench, Methodus 2, (1794) 585. Native to Western Mediterranean, introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

CALLISTEPHUS Cass.

  1. Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees, Gen. Sp. Aster., (1832) 222; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 384; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Amellus speciosus Gaterau, Descr. Pl. Montauban, (1789) 146. – Aster chinensis L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 877. – Aster hortensis (Cass.) Burb., Cult. Pl. Prop. Inprov., (1877) 248. – Aster lacinians Borbás, Magyar Bot. Lapok 3, (1904) 50. – Aster regalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 198. – Brachyactis chinensis Bureau & Franch., J. Bot. (Morot), 5, (1891) 69. – Callistemma hortense Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 6 (Suppl.), (1817) 46. – Callistephus hortensis Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 37, (1825) 491. – Callistephus lacinians Borbás, Magyar Bot. Lapok, 3, (1904) 50. – Callistephus sinensis Bergmans, Vaste Pl. Rotsheesters, (1924) 546. – Diplopappus chinensis (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 165. Native to Southern Russian far East to China, introduced Malesia. Java.

 

CALYPTOCARPUS Less.

  1. Calyptocarpus vialis, Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 221; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 410; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Blainvillea tampicana (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot., 2, (1881) 169. – Calyptocarpus tampicanus (DC.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., 1274, (1903) 1340. – Oligogyne tampicana DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 629. – Synedrella vialis (Less.) A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 17, (1882) 217. – Zexmenia hispidula Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861, (1862) 458 native to South Eeast U.S.A. to Venezuela and Caribbean Islands, introduced to Malesia. Java, Nusa Tenggara.

 

CAMCHAYA Gagnep.

  1. Camchaya tenuiflora Kerr, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 1935, (1935) 327; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Thailand, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra.

 

CAMPOVASSOURIA R.M.King & H.Rob.

  1. Campovassouria cruciata (Vell.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia, 49, (1981) 3; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Campovassouria bupleurifolia (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia, 22, (1971) 122. – Chrysocoma cruciata Vell., Fl. Flumin., (1829) 306. – Eupatorium amblyolaenum Sch.Bip. ex Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1876) 332. – Eupatorium asclepiadeum DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 148. – Eupatorium bupleurifolium DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 149. – Eupatorium bupleurifolium var. asclepiadeum (DC.) Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1876) 333. – Eupatorium bupleurifolium var. ensifolia Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22, (1897) 777. – Eupatorium bupleurifolium var. linifolium (DC.) Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1876) 332. – Eupatorium bupleurifolium var. microcephala Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22, (1897) 777. – Eupatorium bupleurifolium f. typica Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22, (1897), 777, not validly publ. – Eupatorium cruciatum (Vell.) Ariza, Kurtziana, 22, (1993), 155, not validly publ. – Eupatorium ensifolium Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 24, (1879) 170. – Eupatorium graminifolium Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1, (1901) 411. – Eupatorium linifolium DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 149. – Eupatorium mandonii Sch.Bip., Linnaea, 34, (1866) 533. – Eupatorium phlogifolium DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 147. – Eupatorium sonderi Sch.Bip., Linnaea, 22, (1849) 571. – Osmia asclepiadea Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 22-24, (1866) 253. – Osmia phlogifolia Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 22-24, (1866) 253. Native to southern America, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

CAPUTIA B.Nord. & Pelser

  1. Caputia scaposa (DC.) B.Nord. & Pelser, Compositae Newslett. 50, (2012) 65; Irsyam & Irwanto, Jurnal Biodjati, 4, 2, (2019) 246; POWO (2024). – Senecio scaposus DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 403. Native to Southern Africa, introduced to Malesia. Java.
  2. Caputia tomentosa (DC.) B.Nord. & Pelser, Compositae Newslett. 50, (2012) 66; Irsyam & Irwanto, Jurnal Biodjati, 4, 2, (2019) 246; POWO (2024). – Cacalia haworthii Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, (1830) 336. – Cacalia tomentosa Haw., Misc. Nat., (1803) 189. – Kleinia cana DC., Prodr. 6, (1838) 338. – Kleinia haworthii DC., 6, (1838) 338. – Kleinia tomentosa Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ., (1812) 314. – Notonia vestita Collett & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 28, (1890) 75. – Senecio haworthii Sch.Bip., Flora, 28, (1845) 500. – Senecio haworthii Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 561. – Senecio quinquangulatus Sch.Bip., Flora, 28, (1845) 500. – Senecio vestitus Sweet ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 566 native to Southern Africa, Introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

CARPESIUM L.

  1. Carpesium abrotanoides , Sp. Pl., (1753) 860; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Amphirhapis wightiana Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1881) 301. – Carpesium abrotanoides var. thunbergianum (Siebold & Zucc.) Makino, J. Jap. Bot., 2, (1922) 22. – Carpesium racemosum Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3201. – Carpesium thunbergianum Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 4, 3, (1846) 187. – Carpesium wulfenianum Schreb. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 282. – Carpesium wulfenianum Bertol., Fl. Ital., 9, (1853) 173. native from Eurasia to Japan, introduced to Malesia. Maluku.
  2. Carpesium cernuum, Sp. Pl., (1753) 859; Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 397; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ampherephis wightiana Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 2958. – Carpesium cernuum var. queenslandica Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 89, (1929) 678. – Carpesium glossophylloides Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 29, (1915) 9. – Carpesium pedunculosum Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 281. – Carpesium pubescens Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3199. – Carpesium taquetii H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 8, (1910) 170. – Eclipta ciliata Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3214. – Eupatorium pubescens Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 281. – Oiospermum wightianum DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 11. – Ponaea cernua (L.) Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 196. Native to Eurasia region, introduced Malesia. Sumatra, Java, Maluku, Papua.

 

CARTHAMUS L.

  1. Carthamus tinctorius, Sp. Pl., (1753) 830; Merrill, Bibl. Enum. Born. Pl. (1921) 590; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 432. – Calcitrapa tinctoria (L.) Röhl., Deutschl. Fl., ed. 2, 2, (1812) 436. – Carduus tinctorius (L.) Falk, Beytr. Topogr. Kenntn. Russ. Reiches, 2, (1786) 237. – Carthamus glaber Burm.f., N.L.Burman, Fl. Ind., (1768) 23. – Carthamus tinctorius var. spinosus Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 26, (1975) 140. – Centaurea carthamus E.H.L.Krause, J.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 14, (1906) 20. Native of Central Turkey to Iran, introduced worldwide. Java, Kalimantan.

 

CATANANCHE L.

  1. Catananche caerulea, Sp. Pl., (1753) 812; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 433. – Catananche bicolor Anon., Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3, 1, (1894) 556. – Catananche carpholepis Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., 2, (1879) 472. – Catananche propinqua Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl., (1874) 19. – Cupidonia caerulea Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 47. Native of Central Europe to Western Mediterranean, Introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

CENTAUREA L.

  1. Centaurea cyanus, Sp. Pl., (1753) 911; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 431; POWO (2024). – Centaurea cyaneum St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, 7, (1880) 122. – Centaurea cyanocephala Velen., Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 7, 1, 8, (1886) 26. – Centaurea cyanus subsp. coa Rech.f., Phyton (Horn) 1, (1949) 216. – Centaurea cyanus var. denudata Suksd., Werdenda, 1, (1927) 43. – Centaurea hoffmanniana Asch., Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl., 752. – Centaurea hortorum Pau, Not. Bot. Fl. Españ., 1, (1887) 12. – Centaurea lanata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3, (1832) 444. – Centaurea pulcherrima Wight ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 578. – Centaurea pulchra DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 578. – Centaurea rhizocephala Trautv., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, 2, (1873) 476. – Centaurea segetalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 207. – Centaurea umbrosa A.Huet ex Reut., Index Seminum (G, Genevensis), 1856, (1856) 4. – Cyanus arvensis Moench, Methodus, (1794) 561. – Cyanus cyanus Hill, Hort. Kew., 64. – Cyanus dentato-folius Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782) 191. – Cyanus segetum Hill, Herb. Brit., 1, (1769) 82. – Cyanus vulgaris Delarbre, Fl. Auvergne, ed., 2, (1800) 203. – Jacea segetalis Lam. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 795. – Jacea segetum Lam., Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 54. – Leucacantha cyanus Nieuwl. & Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5, (1917) 71. – Setachna cyanus Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées, (1867) 520. Native of Central to Eastern Mediterranean, Introduced to Malesia. Java.
  2. Centaurea montana, Sp. Pl., (1753) 911; Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 431; POWO (2024). – Centaurea angustifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, (1768) n. 7. – Centaurea carpathica Geners., Elench., (1798) n. 824. – Centaurea caucasica M.Bieb. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 579. – Centaurea chlorantha Adams ex Ledeb., Fl. Ross., 2, (1845) 699. – Centaurea graminifolia Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan., 2, (1865) 159. – Centaurea leucantha Web. & Mohr, Beitr. Naturk., 1, (1805) 74. – Centaurea montana var. pradensis O.Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona), 17, (1988) 92. – Centaurea serrata Kitt., Taschenb. Fl. Deutschl., ed. 2, (1844) 563. – Centaurea seusana Benth., Cat. Pl. Pyrénées, (1826) 68. – Cyanus angustifolius (Mill.) Soják, Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír., 140, (1972) 131. – Cyanus montanus (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew., 64. – Jacea alata Lam., Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 53. – Setachna montana (L.) Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées, (1867) 519. Native to Europe, introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

 

CENTRATHERUM Cass.

  1. Centratherum punctatum G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 7, (1817) 384; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 3; Al-Hayat J. Biol. Appl. Biol. 3, 2, (2020) 77; POWO (2024). – Ampherephis aristata Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 25. – Ampherephis intermedia Link, Icon. Pl. Select., (1822) t. 28. – Ampherephis mutica Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 25. – Ampherephis pilosa Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 57:, (1828) 346, nom. superfl. – Ampherephis pulchella Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed., 57:, (1828) 346. – Amphibecis violacea (Schrank) Schrank, Syll. Pl. Nov., 1, (1824) 86. – Baccharoides brachylepis (Sch.Bip. ex Baker) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 320. – Baccharoides holtonii (Baker) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 320. – Baccharoides mutica (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 320). – Baccharoides punctata (Cass.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 320. – Baccharoides violacea (Schrank) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 320. – Cacalia brachylepis (Sch.Bip. ex Baker) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., (1891) 969. – Centaurea riparia A.Cunn. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 602. – Centratherum aristatum (Kunth) Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 57, (1828) 342. – Centratherum australianum (K.Kirkman) A.R.Bean, Austrobaileya, 6, (2004) 977. – Centratherum brachylepis Sch.Bip. ex Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1873) 12. – Centratherum brevispinum Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 57, (1828) 346, nom. superfl. – Centratherum camporum (Hassl.) Malme, Ark. Bot., 24A, 6, (1931) 15. – Centratherum camporum var. albicans (Hassl.) Malme, Ark. Bot., 24A, 6, (1931) 15. – Centratherum camporum var. longipes (Hassl.) Malme, Ark. Bot., 24A, 6, (1931) 15. – Centratherum confertum K.Kirkman, Rhodora, 83, (1981) 21. – Centratherum fruticosum S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip., (1886) 159. – Centratherum holtonii Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1873) 12. – Centratherum intermedium (Link) Less., Linnaea, 4, (1829) 320. – Centratherum longispinum Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 57, (1828) 346, nom. superfl. – Centratherum muticum (Kunth) Less., Linnaea, 4, (1829) 320. – Centratherum pulchellum (Cass.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 324. – Centratherum punctatum var. albicans Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 12, (1913) 369. – Centratherum punctatum subsp. australianum K.Kirkman, Rhodora, 83, (1981) 21. – Centratherum punctatum f. brachyphyllum Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 12, (1913) 369. – Centratherum punctatum subsp. camporum Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 12, (1913) 369. – Centratherum punctatum var. foliosum Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 2, (1902) 298. – Centratherum punctatum f. foliosum (Chodat) Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 12, (1913) 369. – Centratherum punctatum subsp. fruticosum (S.Vidal) K.Kirkman ex Shih H.Chen, M.J.Wu & S.M.Li, Taiwania, 44, (1999) 300. – Centratherum punctatum var. longipes Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 12, (1913) 369. – Centratherum punctatum var. parviflorum Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1873) 12. – Centratherum punctatum var. viscossissimum Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 12, (1913) 369. – Centratherum riparium (A.Cunn. ex DC.) A.R.Bean, Austrobaileya, 8, (2009) 97. – Centratherum violaceum (Schrank) Gleason, N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 33, (1922) 49. – Crantzia ovata Vell., Fl. Flumin., 8, (1829) t. 153. – Spixia violacea Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac., (1821) t. 80. – Vernonia brachylepis (Sch.Bip. ex Baker) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 24, (1879) 164 Native to South America, introduced to Malesia. Java, Kalimantan.

 

CHROMOLAENA DC.

  1. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia 20, (1970) 204; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Waterhouse 10, (2003) 1; Palijama et al., Agrologia 1, (2012) 2; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 3; Novianti et al., J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage., 4, 4, (2017) 934; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 116; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Chromolaena barranquillensis (Hieron.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia, 20, (1970) 199. – Chromolaena clematitis (DC.) Pruski, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas, 3, (2009) 573. – Chromolaena odorata f. squarrosa (Koster f.) Sunita Garg, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 14, (1990) 246. – Chrysocoma volubilis Vell., Fl. Flumin., (1829) 329 –Eupatorium atriplicifolium Vahl, H.West, Bidr. Beskr. Ste Croix, (1793) 302. – Eupatorium barranquillense Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 28, (1901) 564. – Eupatorium brachiatum Sw. ex Wikstr., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl., 1827, (1827) 71. – Eupatorium clematitis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 144. – Eupatorium conyzoides Vahl, Symb. Bot., 3, (1794) 96, nom. illeg. – Eupatorium conyzoides f. angustiflorum Cuatrec., Anales Univ. Madrid, Ci., 4, 2, (1935) 221. – Eupatorium conyzoides var. extensum Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22, (1897) 742. – Eupatorium conyzoides var. floribundum (Kunth) Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22, (1897) 742. – Eupatorium conyzoides f. glabratum Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 14, (1916) 279. – Eupatorium conyzoides var. glabrescens Steetz, B.Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, (1854) 144. – Eupatorium conyzoides var. heterolepis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I., (1861) 358. – Eupatorium conyzoides var. incanum Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1876) 278. – Eupatorium conyzoides var. maximiliani Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1876) 277. – Eupatorium conyzoides var. pauciflorum Baker, F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1876) 278. – Eupatorium conyzoides var. phyllocephalum Sch.Bip. ex Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1876) 278. – Eupatorium conyzoides var. scaberulum Hassl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 14, 279. – Eupatorium conyzoides var. tambillense Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 36, (1905) 464. – Eupatorium divergens Less., Linnaea, 5, (1830) 138. – Eupatorium floribundum Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 92. – Eupatorium graciliflorum DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 145. – Eupatorium incisum A.Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1, (1792) 112. – Eupatorium klattii Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser., 2, (1900) 105. – Eupatorium odoratum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10., 2, (1759) 1205; J. Kost., Blumea 7, 1, (1952) 290; J. Kost., Blumea 25, 1, (1979) 249; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Eupatorium odoratum var. brachiatum (Sw. ex Wikstr.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 143. – Eupatorium odoratum var. cubense DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 143. – Eupatorium odoratum var. mallotophyllum B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb., 77, (1926) 26. – Eupatorium odoratum var. pauciflorum (Baker) Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., (1901) 564. – Eupatorium odoratum f. scandens Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 338. – Eupatorium odoratum f. squarrosum Koster f., Blumea, 7, (1952) 290; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 379. – Eupatorium sabeanum Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 13, (1861 publ. 1862) 456. – Eupatorium stigmatosum Meyen & Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1), (1843) 257. – Osmia atriplicifolia Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 22-24, (1866) 252. – Osmia clematitis (DC.) Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 22-24, (1866) 252. – Osmia conyzoides Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., (1903) 1164. – Osmia divergens (Less.) Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 22-24, (1866) 252. – Osmia floribunda (Kunth) Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia , 22-24, (1866) 252. – Osmia graciliflora (DC.) Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 22-24, (1866) 252. – Osmia odorata (L.) Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 22-24, (1866) 252. Native to South America, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.

 

CHRYSANTHELLUM Rich.

  1. Chrysanthellum indicum , Prodr., 5, (1836) 631; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Native from Mexico to S. Tropical America, Africa, and Indian Subcontinent.

 

CHRYSANTHEMUM L.

  1. Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl., Chron., ser. 3, 6, (1889) 586; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 421, as Chrysanthemum morifolium; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82 as Chrysanthemum morifolium; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Anthemis × artemisifolia Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2184. – Anthemis × grandiflora Ramat., J. Hist. Nat., 2, (1792) 234. – Anthemis × stipulacea Moench, Suppl. Meth., (1802) 258. – Chrysanthemum × hortorum W.Mill., L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort., 2, (1914) 755. – Chrysanthemum × indicum Thunb., Fl. Jap., (1784) 320, sensu auct. – Chrysanthemum indicum var. maruyamanum Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 10, (1941) 173. – Chrysanthemum indicum var. purpureum Pers., Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 461. – Chrysanthemum indicum var. tsurugisanense Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 22, (1967) 128. – Chrysanthemum × maximoviczianum Y.Ling, Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping, 3, (1935) 459. – Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat., J. Hist. Nat., 2, (1792) 240, not validly publ., Art.34.1 (a), name is not accepted by the author. – Chrysanthemum × morifolium var. gracile Hemsl., Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 6, (1889) 586. – Chrysanthemum × morifolium var. sinense (Sabine) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 26, (1912) 215. – Chrysanthemum × sinense Sabine, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 14, (1823) 145. – Chrysanthemum × sinense var. spontaneum Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 23, (1909) 18. – Chrysanthemum × stipulaceum (Moench) W.Wight, U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull., 137, (1909) 21. – Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 29, (1978) 165. – Dendranthema indicum var. maruyamanum (Kitam.) Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 29, (1978) 165. – Dendranthema × morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvelev, V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS, 26, (1961) 373. – Dendranthema indicum var. tsurugisanense (Kitam.) Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 29, (1978) 166. – Dendranthema × sinense (Sabine) Des Moul., Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 20, (1855) 562. – Matricaria × morifolia Ramat., J. Hist. Nat., 2, (1792) 240. – Pyrethrum × sinense (Sabine) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 62. – Pyrethrum × sinense var. plenum Maxim., Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, 8, (1872) 518. – Tanacetum × morifolium Kitam., Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol., 15, (1940 373), pro syn. – Tanacetum × sinense (Sabine) Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 50. Native to East China, introduced to Malesia. Sumatra, Java.
  2. Chrysanthemum indicum, Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul., Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 20, (1855) 562; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Matricaria indica (L.) Desr., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 3, (1792), 734, nom. illeg. – Pyrethrum indicum (L.) Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 44, (1826), 149, nom. illeg. – Tanacetum indicum (L.) Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 50. Native to Himalaya, China, Indochina, to Japan.

 

CHRYSOLAENA H.Rob.

  1. Chrysolaena obovata (Less.) Demat., Soc. Argent. Bot., 44, (2009) 142; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia obovata (Less.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 970. – Chrysocoma herbacea Vell., Fl. Flumin., (1829) 330. – Chrysolaena herbacea (Vell.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 101, (1988) 956. – Vernonia chrysophylla Gardner, London J. Bot., 6, (1847) 417. – Vernonia densevillosa Mart. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 43. – Vernonia densevillosa var. angustior DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 43. – Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 4, (1895) 209. – Vernonia obovata Less., Linnaea, 4, (1829) 279. – Vernonia obovata var. chrysophylla (Gardner) Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1873) 92. – Vernonia paucifolia Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 3, 3, (1893) 50. – Vernonia quindecimflora Sch.Bip., Linnaea, 34, (1866), 535, nom. nud. Native to southern America, introduced to Indonesia. Papua.

 

CICHORIUM L.

  1. Cichorium endivia , Sp. Pl., (1753) 813; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 421; POWO (2024). – Cichorium crispum Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, (1754) n. 3. – Cichorium esculentum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 183, nom. superfl. – Cichorium endivia var. angustifolium DC., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 4, (1805) 68. – Cichorium endivia var. crispum (Mill.) DC., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 4, (1805) 68. – Cichorium endivia var. latifolium DC., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 4, (1805) 68. – Cichorium endivia var. roborovskyi Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 92, (2007) 1748. – Cichorium endivia subsp. sativum Cout., Fl. Portugal, (1913) 662. – Cichorium intybus var. endivia (L.) Mérat, Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris, (1812) 310. – Cichorium saticum Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl. 432. – Cichorium saticum var. crispum Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 432. Native to East Mediterranean, introduced to Indonesia. JAVA.
  2. Cichorium intybus L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 813; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 421; POWO (2024). – Cichorium rigidum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 183, nom. superfl. Native from Europe to Central Asia and W. Himalaya, Macaronesia to N. Africa, introduced to Java. Java.

 

CIRSIUM Mill.

  1. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2, (1771) 126; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Breea arvensis (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 10. – Carduus arvensis (L.) Robson, Brit. Fl., (1777) 163. – Cephalonoplos arvensis (L.) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 17, (1869) 95. – Cnicus arvensis (L.) Roth, Catal. Bot., 1, (1797) 115. – Serratula arvensis L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 820. Native to Eurasia and west northern Africa

 

CISSAMPELOS Miq.

  1. Cissampelopsis walkeri (Arn.) C.Jeffrey & Y.L.Chen, K ew Bull., 39, (1984) 341; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Senecio araneosus var. walkeri (Arn.) C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 182. – Senecio corymbosus var. walkeri (Arn.) Grierson, Ceylon J. Sci., Biol. Sci., 11, (1974) 22. – Senecio walkeri Arn., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 18, 1, (1836) 349; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) Native India and Sri Lanka introduced to Malesia.

 

 

CLIBADIUM F.Allam. ex L.

  1. Clibadium surinamense , Mant. Pl., 2, (1771) 294; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 397; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Arriagada, Brittonia 55, (2003) 277; Novianti et al., J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage., 4, 4, (2017) 934; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Baillieria aspera Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane, 2, (1775) 804. – Clibadium asperum Baill. ex Laness., Pl. Util. Col. Franç., 406 (1886) 406. – Clibadium asperum (Aubl.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 506. – Clibadium caracasanum DC., Prodr. 5 (1836) 506. – Clibadium foetidum Alemand ex L., Mant. Pl., 2, (1771) 294. – Clibadium lanceolatum Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl., (1920) 250. – Clibadium pallidum Diels, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14, (1939) 340. – Clibadium surinamense var. asperum (Aubl.) Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 3, (1884) 152. – Clibadium surinamense var. macrophyllum Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot., 28, (1953) 629. – Clibadium trinitatis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 505. – Clibadium vargasianum H.Rob., Wrightia 6, (1979) 46. – Clibadium villosum Benth., Pl. Hartw., (1845) 205. – Oswalda baillierioides Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 59, (1829) 322. – Trixis aspera Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ., 115 (1788). – Trixis scabra Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid., 3, (1806) 1378. Native to South America, introduced to tropical Asia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan.

 

COLOLOBUS H.Rob.

  1. Cololobus rupestris (Gardner) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 107, (1994) 560; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia rupestris (Gardner) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 971. – Vernonia rupestris Gardner in London J. Bot., 4, (1845) 114. Native to Brazil, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

 

CROSSOSTEPHIUM Less.

  1. Crossostephium chinense (L.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20, (1906) 33; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 423; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Absinthium chinense (L.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 118. – Artemisia chinensis L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 849. – Chrysanthemum artemisioides (Less.) Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 8, (1939) 77. – Crossostephium artemisioides Less. Linnaea, 6, (1831) 229. – Tanacetum chinense (L.) A.Gray ex Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 17, (1872) 427. Native to East Asia, introduced to Java. Java.

 

COMMIDENDRUM Burch. ex DC.

  1. Commidendrum spurium (G.Forst.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 344; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Baccharis arborea L., Mant. Pl., 2, (1771) 284. – Baccharis arborescens Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 412. – Conyza arborescens DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 344, pro syn. – Conyza cuneifolia Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. Pl. Illustr., ed. 3, (1797) 240, nom. illeg. – Lachanodes cuneifolia (Roxb.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 443. – Solidago cuneifolia Roxb., A.Beatson, Tracts St. Helena, (1816) 324. – Solidago spuria G.Forst., Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott., 9, (1789) 68. Native to St. Helena (British overseas territory), introduced to Indonesia. Nusa Tenggara.

 

COREOPSIS L.

  1. Coreopsis basalis (Otto & A.Dietr.) S.F.Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 51, (1916) 525; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 411; POWO (2024). – Bidens basalis (Otto & A.Dietr.) Banfi, Galasso & Bartolucci, Nat. Hist. Sci., 15, (2017) 54 — Calliopsis basalis Otto & A.Dietr., Allg. Gartenzeitung, 3, (1835) 329. – Calliopsis diversifolia C.Huber, Nursery Cat. (Huber), 1866, (1866) 4. – Calliopsis drummondii D.Don, R.Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., 7, (1835) t. 315. – Coreopsis basalis var. typica Sherff, Brittonia, 6, (1948) 341, not validly publ. – Coreopsis basalis var. wrightii S.F.Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 51, (1916) 526. – Coreopsis drummondii Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer., 2, (1842) 345. – Coreopsis picta Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 487, pro syn. Native to Temperate America, introduced elsewhere. Java.
  2. Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., 2, (1826) t. 175; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 411; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; POWO (2024). – Bidens sweetiana Banfi, Galasso & Bartolucci in Nat. Hist. Sci., 15, (2017) 18. Native to Temperate America, introduced elsewhere. Sumatra, Java.
  3. Coreopsis tinctoria , J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 2, (1821) 114; J. Kost., Blumea 25, 1, (1979) 255; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 411; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; POWO (2024). – Bidens atkinsoniana (Douglas ex Lindl.) Banfi, Galasso & Bartolucci, Nat. Hist. Sci., 15, (2017) 18 — Bidens tinctoria (Nutt.) E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2., 13, (1905) 157. – Calliopsis atkinsoniana (Douglas ex Lindl.) Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer., 1, (1833) 310. – Calliopsis atropurpurea Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 258. – Calliopsis bicolor Rchb. in Mag. Aesthet. Bot., 1, (1823) t. 70. – Calliopsis bicolor var. nana T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 308. – Calliopsis bicolor f. speciosa T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 308. – Calliopsis bicolor f. tubulosa T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 308. – Calliopsis cardaminifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 568. – Calliopsis tinctoria (Nutt.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 568. – Coreopsis atkinsoniana Douglas ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg., 16, (1830) t. 1376. – Coreopsis bicolor (Rchb.) Bosse, Vollst. Handb. Bl.-Gärtn., 1, (1829) 367. – Coreopsis cardaminifolia (DC.) Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 7, (1841) 360. – Coreopsis cardaminifolia var. angustiloba Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer., 2, (1842) 346. – Coreopsis elegans Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1, (1894) 487, pro syn. — Coreopsis similis F.E.Boynton, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 1278, (1903) 1340. – Coreopsis stenophylla F.E.Boynton, Biltmore Bot. Stud., 1, (1902) 141. – Coreopsis tinctoria var. atkinsoniana (Douglas ex Lindl.) H.M.Parker ex E.B.Sm., Bot. Gaz., 136, (1975) 83. – Coreopsis tinctoria var. atropurpurea Hook., Bot. Mag., 63, (1836) t. 3511. – Coreopsis tinctoria f. atropurpurea (Hook.) Fernald, Rhodora, 44, (1942) 477. – Coreopsis tinctoria var. imminuata Sherff, Bot. Gaz., 94, (1933) 594. – Coreopsis tinctoria var. similis (F.E.Boynton) H.M.Parker ex E.B.Sm., Bot. Gaz., 136, (1975) 83. – Diplosastera tinctoria (Nutt.) Tausch, Hort. Canal., (1823) t. 4. Native to Temperate America, introduced elsewhere. Sumatra, Java, Maluku, Papua.

 

COSMOS Cav.

  1. Cosmos bipinnatus , Icon., 1, (1791) 10; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 413; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; POWO (2024). – Bidens bipinnata Baill., Hist. Pl., 8, (1882) 50, nom. illeg. – Bidens formosa Sch.Bip., B.Seemann, Bot. Voy., Herald, (1856) 307. – Bidens lindleyi Sch.Bip., B.Seemann, Bot. Voy., Herald, (1856) 307. – Bidens reptans Sch.Bip., B.Seemann, Bot. Voy., Herald, (1856) 308, nom. illeg. – Coreopsis formosa Bonato, Pisaura automorpha e Coreopsis formosa, (1793) 22. – Cosmea bipinnata (Cav.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3, (1803) 2250. – Cosmea tenuifolia (Lindl.) J.W.Loudon, Lad. Fl. Gard. Orn. Ann., (1840) 185. – Cosmos bipinnatus var. albiflorus Sprenger, Boll. Reale Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 15, (1890) 356. – Cosmos bipinnatus var. exaristatus DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 606. – Cosmos bipinnatus var. typicus Sherff, Brittonia, 6, (1948) 341, not validly publ. – Cosmos hybridus Anon., Gard. & Forest, 1, (1888) 474. – Cosmos spectabilis Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris), 64, (1892) 372. – Cosmos tenuifolius Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg., 23, (1837) t. 2007. – Dahlia zimapani Roezl ex Ortgies, Gartenflora, 10, (1861) 406. – Georgina bipinnata (Cav.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, (1826) 611. Native to Mexico, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java.
  2. Cosmos caudatus Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 188; Kost., Blumea 25, 1, (1979) 255; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 411; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 3; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 302; POWO (2024). – Bidens artemisiifolia var. caudata (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 321. – Bidens artemisiifolia var. intermedia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 321. – Bidens artemisiifolia var. rosea Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 321. – Bidens artemisiifolia f. rubra (Kuntze) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 3, 3, (1898) 136. – Bidens artemisiifolia var. rubra Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 321. – Bidens berteroana Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 454. – Bidens carnea Heer, Index Seminum (Z, Turicensis), 1, (1842). – Bidens caudata (Kunth) Sch.Bip., B.Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, (1856) 308. – Coreopsis coronata Bertero ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 420, not validly publ. – Coreopsis gracilis Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2., (1845) 591. – Cosmea caudata Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3, (1826) 615. – Cosmos pacificus var. chiapensis Melchert, Phytologia 69, (1990) 214. Native from Mexico to Southern Tropical America, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.
  3. Cosmos steenisiae , Blumea, 35, (1991) 479; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cosmos sulphureus var. leiorhynchus Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I., (1861) 373. Native to Venezuela and Trinidad-Tobago, Introduced to Malesia. Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi.
  4. Cosmos sulphureus Icon., 1, (1791) 56; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav., (1965) 411; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 3; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 302; POWO (2024). – Bidens artemisiifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 321, nom. illeg. – Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch.Bip., B.Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, (1856) 308. – Coreopsis artemisiifolia Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar., 3, (1793) t. 595. – Cosmea sulphurea (Cav.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3, (1803) 2250. – Cosmos artemisiifolius (Jacq.) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra, 3A, (2001) 93. – Cosmos aurantiacus Klatt, Leopoldina, 25, (1889) 105. – Cosmos gracilis Sherff, Bot. Gaz., 88, (1929) 304. – Cosmos sulphureus var. exaristatus Sherff, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8, (1932) 411. – Cosmos sulphureus var. hirsuticaulis Sherff, Amer. J. Bot., 24, (1937) 90. – Cosmos sulphureus var. typicus Sherff, Brittonia, 6 (1948) 341, not validly publ. Native from Mexico to Central America, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi.

 

COTA J.Gay

  1. Cota tinctoria (L.) J.Gay, G.Gussone, Fl. Sicul. Syn., 2, (1845) 867; POWO (2024). – Anacyclus tinctorius (L.) Samp., Ann. Sci. Acad. Polytecn. Porto, 15, (1921) 162. – Anthemis tinctoria L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 896; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 417. – Chamaemelum tinctorium (L.) Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips., (1771) 145. Native of Europe, Siberia, to Iran, Introduced to Java. Java.

 

CRASSOCEPHALUM Moench

  1. Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore, J. Bot. 50, (1912) 211; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 426; J. Kost., Blumea, 26, 1, (1980) 237; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 4; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 117; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Crassocephalum crepidioides var. luteum Steen., J. Indian Bot. Soc., 46, (1967) 467. – Crassocephalum crepidioides f. luteum (Steen.) Belcher, Kew Bull., 44, (1989) 540. – Crassocephalum diversifolium Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl., 1, (1898) 594. – Gynura  crepidioides Benth., Niger Fl., (1849) 438. – Gynura  diversifolia Sch.Bip. ex Asch., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 156. – Gynura  microcephala Vatke, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25, (1875) 328. – Gynura  polycephala Benth., Niger Fl., (1849) 437. – Senecio crepidioides (Benth.) Asch., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 155. – Senecio diversifolius A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss., 1, (1848) 437. Native to Africa, introduced pantropical. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.

 

CREPIDIASTRUM Nakai

  1. Crepidiastrum sonchifolium (Maxim.) Pak & Kawano, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Biol., n.s., 15, (1992) 58; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ixeridium sonchifolium (Maxim.) C.Shih, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 31, (1993) 543. – Ixeris denticulata subsp. sonchifolia (Maxim.) Stebbins, J. Bot. 75, (1937) 48. – Ixeris sonchifolia (Maxim.) Hance, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 13, (1873) 108. – Lactuca denticulata var. sonchifolia (Maxim.) Maxim., Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9, (1874) 360. – Lactuca sonchifolia (Maxim.) Debeaux, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 31, (1879) 90. – Paraixeris sonchifolia (Maxim.) Tzvelev, Fl. URSS 29, (1964) 399. – Youngia sonchifolia Maxim., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans, (1859) 180; Wiriadinata & Wawo, Berita Biologi, 9, 2, (2008) 194. Native of Mongolia to Russia Far East and Indochina.

 

CREPIS L.

  1. Crepis lignea (Vaniot) Babc., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 22, (1947) 644; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Lactuca lignea Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 12, (1903) 318. Native from China to Indochina, introduced to Indonesia. Maluku.
  2. Crepis pontana (L.) Dalla Torre, Anleit. Beob. Alpenpfl., (1882) 145; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Andryala pontana (L.) Vill, Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné, (1779) 37. – Crepis bocconei P.D.Sell, Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 71, (1976) 250. – Hieracium hypochoerioides Ambrosi, Fl. Tirolo Mer., 2, (1857), 609, nom. illeg. – Hieracium incrassatum Vuk., Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan., 7, (1869) 72. – Hieracium montanum Jacq., Fl. Austriac., 2, (1774), 54, nom. illeg. – Hieracium pontanum (L.) J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]., 2, 2, (1792) 1177. – Hypochaeris pontana L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 810. – Omalocline montana Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 22-24, (1866) 321. – Soyeria montana Monnier, Ess. Monogr. Hieracium, (1829) 75 . Native to Europe, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra.
  3. Crepis pulchra, Sp. Pl., (1753) 806; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Chondrilla pulchra (L.) Lam., Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 106. – Idianthes pulchra (L.) Desv., Fl. Anjou, (1827) 199. – Intybellia pulchra (L.) Monnier, Ess. Monogr. Hieracium, (1829) 79. – Lagoseris pulchra (L.) Sennikov, Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan, (2021) 402. – Lapsana pulchra (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné, 3, 1, (1788) 163. – Launaea pulchra (L.) Pavlov, Fl. Centr. Kazakh., 3, (1938) 360. – Phaecasium pulchrum (L.) Rchb.f., H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv., 19, 1, (1860) 39. – Prenanthes pulchra (L.) DC., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 4, (1805) 7. – Sclerophyllum pulchrum (L.) Gaudin, Fl. Helv., 5, (1929) 48 . Native from Europe to Meditteranean and Caucasus,
    • Crepis pulchra pulchra, POWO (2024). – Crepis costata P.Candargy, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 44, (1897) 147. – Crepis cylindrica St.-Lag., A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2, (1889) 500. – Crepis deloynei Gand., Dec. Pl. Nov. Fl. Eur., 1, (1875) 14. – Crepis hispanica Pau, Not. Bot. Fl. Españ., 1, (1887) II. – Crepis lapsanifolia Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs., 1, (1831) 257. – Crepis oxyphylla Gand., Dec. Pl. Nov. Fl. Eur., 1, (1875) 12. – Crepis pulchra var. valentina Willk., Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan., (1893) 116. – Crepis valentina Willk., Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan., (1893) 116. – Crepis vendeana Gand., Dec. Pl. Nov. Fl. Eur., 1, (1875) 13. – Crepis youngiformis K.Koch, Linnaea, 17, (1844) 277. – Hieracium glutinosum L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 804. – Lapsana chondrilloides L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 812. – Phaecasium lampsanoides Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 39, (1826) 387. – Prenanthes hieraciifolia Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1541. – Prenanthes paniculata Moench, Methodus, (1794) 534. – Prenanthes viscosa Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv., 3, (1817) 44. – Sonchus glutinosus Lam., Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 88. – Youngia kochiana Ledeb., Fl. Ross., 2, (1846) 837. Native from Europe to Meditteranean and Caucasus, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  4. Crepis rigescens Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 5, (1912) 202; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native from China to northern Myanmar, introduced to Indonesia. Maluku.

 

CURIO P.V.Heath

  1. Curio rowleyanus (H.Jacobsen) P.V.Heath, Calyx, 6, (1999) 55; Irsyam & Irwanto, Jurnal Biodjati, 4, 2, (2019) 246; POWO (2024). – Curio rowleyanus f. marmoratus P.V.Heath, Calyx, 6, (1999) 55. – Kleinia rowleyana (H.Jacobsen) G.Kunkel, Gartenpraxis 14, (1988) 52. – Senecio rowleyanus H.Jacobsen, Natl. Cact. Succ. J., 23, (1968) 30. Native to South Africa, introduced to Java. Java.

 

CYANTHILIUM Blume

  1. Cyanthillium conyzoides (DC.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 112, (1999) 229; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia candolleana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 969. – Vernonia candolleana Wight & Arn., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., 18, 1, (1836) 346. – Vernonia conyzoides DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 6. Native to India, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra.

 

 

CYNARA L.

  1. Cynara cardunculus , Sp. Pl., (1753) 827; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Carduus cardunculus (L.) Baill., Traité Bot. Méd. Phan., 2, (1884) 1145. – Cynara scolymus subsp. cardunculus (L.) Bonnier & Layens, Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France, (1894) 175. Native to Macaronesia and Mediterranean introduced elsewhere.

 

 

DAHLIA Cav.

  1. Dahlia pinnata , Icon., 1, (1791) 57; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; POWO (2024). – Bidens variabilis Baill., Hist. Pl., 8, (1882) 305. – Coreopsis crassifolia Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., (1894) 194, nom. illeg. – Coreopsis georgina Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 18, (1821) 441. – Dahlia astrantiiflora G.Don, R.Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, (1839) 353, nom. nud. – Dahlia mexicana Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 489, pro syn. – Dahlia nana Andrews, Bot. Repos., 7, (1807) t. 483. – Dahlia pinnata var. nana Andrews, Bot. Repos., 7, (1807) t. 483. – Dahlia pinnata var. variabilis (Desf.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 489. – Dahlia purpurea Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2, (1812) 444, nom. superfl. – Dahlia purpurea var. flavescens (DC.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2, (1812) 445. – Dahlia purpurea var. lilacina (DC.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2, (1812) 444. – Dahlia purpurea var. pallida (DC.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2, (1812) 444. – Dahlia purpurea var. rubra (DC.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2, (1812) 444. – Dahlia pusilla Zucc. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 494. – Dahlia rosea Cav., Icon., 3, (1795) 33; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 412. – Dahlia royleana Knowles & Westc., Fl. Cab., 3, (1840) 186. – Dahlia sambucifolia Salisb., Parad. Lond., 1, (1806) t. 16. – Dahlia sphondyliifolia Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1812) 91. – Dahlia superflua (DC.) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew., 5, (1813) 87. – Dahlia variabilis Desf., Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3, (1829) 182. – Georgia purpurea Spreng., Gartenzeit., 2, (1804) 28, nom. superfl. – Georgia rosea (Cav.) Spreng., Gartenzeit. 2, (1804) 28. – Georgina astrantiiflora Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, (1830) 310. – Georgina purpurea Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2124, nom. superfl. – Georgina rosea (Cav.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2142. – Georgina superflua DC., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 15, (1810) 310. – Georgina superflua var. flavescens DC., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 15, (1810) 310, 311. – Georgina superflua var. lilacina DC., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 15, (1810) 310. – Georgina superflua var. pallida DC., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 15, (1810) 310. – Georgina superflua var. purpurea DC., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 15, (1810) 310, 311. – Georgina superflua var. rubra DC., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 15, (1810) 310, 311. – Georgina variabilis Willd., Hort. Berol., 2, (1809) t. 93, nom. illeg. – Georgina variabilis var. lilacina (DC.) Willd., Hort. Berol., 2, (1812) t. 94. – Georgina variabilis var. pallida (DC.) Willd., Hort. Berol., 2, (1812) t. 95. – Georgina variabilis var. purpurea (DC.) Willd., Hort. Berol., 2, (1812) t. 93. native to Mexico, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi.

 

DECAUNEROPSIS H.Rob. & Skvarla

  1. Decaneuropsis vagans (DC.) H.Rob. & Skvarla, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 120, (2007) 365; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia vagans Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2, (1891) 969. – Conyza vagans Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3040. – Gymnanthemum vagans Steetz, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6 (Bot., 2), (1864) 338. – Vernonia vagans DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 32; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 448. Native to South Africa, Introduced to Sumatra Islands. Sumatra.

 

DISTEPHANUS Cass.

  1. Distephanus garnierianus (Klatt) H.Rob. & B.Kahn, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 99, (1986) 499; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia lyallii Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 970. – Cacalia moquinioides (Baker) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 970. – Vernonia alboviridis Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 25, (1890) 325. – Vernonia lyallii Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 20, (1883) 174. – Vernonia moquinioides Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 20, (1883) 177. – Vernonia parviflora Klatt, Linnaea, 37, (1872) 508. Native to Madagascar, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java.

 

ECHINACEA Moench

  1. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Methodus, (1794) 591; POWO (2024). – Brauneria purpurea (L.) Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 5, (1894) 334. – Echinacea intermedia Lindl. ex Paxton, Paxton’s Mag. Bot., 15, (1849) 79. – Echinacea purpurea var. arkansana Steyerm., Rhodora, 40, (1938) 71. – Echinacea purpurea f. ligettii Steyerm., Rhodora, 44, (1942) 150. – Echinacea purpurea var. serotina (Nutt.) L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort., 2, (1914) 1088. – Echinacea serotina (Nutt.) D.Don ex G.Don , J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, (1832) 587. – Helichroa alba Raf., Neogenyton, (1825) 3. – Helichroa amoena Raf., Neogenyton, (1825) 3. – Helichroa crocea Raf., Neogenyton, (1825) 3. – Helichroa elatior Raf., Neogenyton, (1825) 3. – Helichroa fusca Raf., Neogenyton, (1825) 3. – Helichroa fuscata Raf., Atlantic J., 1, (1832) 150. – Helichroa linnaeana Raf., Neogenyton, (1825) 3. – Helichroa purpurea (L.) Raf., Neogenyton, (1825) 3. – Helichroa uniflora Raf., Neogenyton, (1825) 3. – Lepachys purpurea (L.) Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev., 4, (1819) 195. – Rudbeckia aspera Pers., Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 477. – Rudbeckia hispida Hoffmanns., Verz. Pfl.-Kult., 2, (1824) 201. – Rudbeckia purpurea L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 907; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 403. – Rudbeckia purpurea var. serotina Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl., 2, (1818) 178. – Rudbeckia serotina (Nutt.) Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., 1, (1823) t. 4. Native to Central and Eastern U.S.A., introduced to Indonesia. Java. Photos

 

ECLIPTA L.

  1. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Mant. Pl. 2: 286 (1771) 286; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 402; J. Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 273; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Novianti et al., J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage., 4, 4, (2017) 931; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Abasoloa taboada La Llave, P.de La Llave & J.M.de Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr., 1, (1824) 11. – Acmella lanceolata Link ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 444. – Aganippea dentata DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 3. – Amellus carolinianus Walter, Fl. Carol., (1788) 213. – Anthemis abyssinica J.Gay ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss., 1, (1848) 418. – Anthemis cotula Blanco, Fl. Filip., (1837) 638, nom. illeg. – Anthemis cotula var. hierosolymitana Eig, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser., 1, (1938) 195. – Anthemis cotula subsp. lithuanica (DC.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 32, (2000) 185. – Anthemis cotula-foetida Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb., 1, (1766) 300. – Anthemis cotuloides Raf. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 13. – Anthemis galilaea var. hierosolymitana (Eig) Yavin, Israel J. Bot., 19, (1970) 142. – Anthemis sulphurea Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 363. – Anthemis variabilis Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., (1894) 191. – Anthemis viridis Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2., (1845) 436. – Artemisia viridis Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2., (1845) 436, nom. illeg. – Bellis racemosa Steud., Nomencl. Bot., 1, (1821) 105, not validly publ. – Bellis ramosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl., (1760) 28. – Buphthalmum diffusum Vahl ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 491. – Ceratocephalus wedeliodes (Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 326. – Chamaemelum foetidum Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv., 3, (1817) 144. – Clipteria dichotoma Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 44. – Cotula alba (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12., 2, (1767) 564. – Cotula debilis Balb. ex Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk., 2, (1821) 137. – Cotula oederi Murray, Prodr. Stirp. Gott., (1770) 228. – Cotula prostrata (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12., 2, (1767) 564. – Eclipta adpressa Moench, Suppl. Meth., (1802) 245, nom. superfl. – Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar., (1848) 528. – Eclipta alba f. erecta Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar., (1848) 528. – Eclipta alba var. erecta Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 65. – Eclipta alba var. longifolia (Schrad.) Bettfr., Fl. Argent., 2, (1899) 110. – Eclipta alba f. longifolia (Schrad.) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar., (1848) 530. – Eclipta alba var. parviflora (Wall. ex DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 66. – Eclipta alba var. prostrata (L.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 66. – Eclipta alba f. prostrata (L.) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar., (1848) 530. – Eclipta alba var. zippeliana (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 66. – Eclipta alba f. zippeliana (Blume) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar., (1848) 530. – Eclipta angustata Umemoto & H.Koyama, Thai Forest Bull., Bot., 35, (2007) 114; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). – Eclipta angustifolia C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3, (1845) 535. – Eclipta arabica Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 542, nom. nud. – Eclipta brachypoda Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer., 2, (1803)130, nom. superfl. – Eclipta ciliata Raf., Fl. Ludov., (1817) 1817. – Eclipta dentata B.Heyne ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3211. – Eclipta dichotoma Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 42. – Eclipta dubia Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 40. – Eclipta erecta L., Mant. Pl., 2, (1771) 286, nom. superfl.; Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 413. – Eclipta erecta var. brachypoda Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer., 2, (1842) 269. – Eclipta erecta var. diffusa DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 490. – Eclipta erecta var. latifolia Willd. ex Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., 19 (Suppl. 1), (1843) 266. – Eclipta erecta var. prostrata (L.) Baker, Fl. Mauritius, (1877) 169. – Ecliptica alba var. prostrata (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 334. – Eclipta flexuosa Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 41. – Eclipta heterophylla Bartl., Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis), 1857, (1857) 3. – Eclipta hirsuta Bartl., Linnaea, 13, (1839) 95. – Eclipta linearis Otto ex Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, (1830) 308. – Eclipta longifolia Schrad., Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) 1831, (1831) 3. – Eclipta longifolia var. linearis Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus), 9, (1843) 72. – Eclipta marginata Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 542, nom. nud. – Eclipta nutans Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 42. – Eclipta oederi (Murray) Weigel, Hort. Gryph., (1782) 33. – Eclipta palustris G.Forst. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 603. – Eclipta palustris DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 491, nom. illeg., later homonym. – Eclipta parviflora Wall. ex DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 17. – Eclipta patula Schrad., Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis), 1831, (1831) 3. – Eclipta patula (DC.) Endl., Cat. Hort. Vindob., 1, (1842) 335, nom. illeg. – Eclipta philippinensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 65, (1918) 40. – Eclipta procumbens Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer., 2, (1803) 129. – Eclipta procumbens var. brachypoda (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray, Manual, (1848) 218. – Eclipta procumbens var. patula DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 491. – Eclipta prostrata f. aureoreticulata Y.T.Chang, Wuyi Sci. J., 5, (1985) 235. – Eclipta prostrata var. dixitii An.Kumar & K.K.Khanna, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 23, (1999) 713. – Eclipta prostrata var. zippeliana (Blume) J. Kost., C.A.Backer & R.C.Bakhuizen van den Brink, Fl. Java, 2, (1965) 402, no basionym ref. – Eclipta pumila Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 42. – Eclipta punctata L., Mant. Pl., 2, (1771) 286. – Eclipta pusilla M.E.Jones, Contr. W. Bot., 18, (1933) 70. – Eclipta simplex Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 41. – Eclipta marginata Boiss., Fl. Orient., 3, (1875) 249. – Eclipta spicata Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 603. – Eclipta strumosa Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 205, nom. superfl. – Eclipta sulcata Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 41. – Eclipta thermalis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans, 2, (1833) 113. – Eclipta tinctoria Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 41. – Eclipta zippeliana Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 914. – Ecliptica alba (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 334. – Ecliptica alba var. erecta Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 334. – Ecliptica alba var. parviflora (Wall. ex DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., (1891) 334. – Ecliptica alba var. zippeliana (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 334, nom. superfl. – Eleutheranthera prostrata (L.) Sch.Bip., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), 24, (1866) 239. – Eupatoriophalacron album (L.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard., 4, (1893) 99. – Galinsoga oblongifolia (Hook.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 677. – Grangea lanceolata Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl., 2, (1812) 826. – Maruta cotula var. lithuanica DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 13. – Micrelium asteroides Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab., (1775) 153, not validly publ. – Micrelium tolak Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab., (1775) 153, not validly publ. – Paleista brachypoda Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 43, nom. superfl. – Paleista procumbens Raf., New Fl., 2, (1837) 43. Native to Subtropical and Tropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua. Photos

 

ELEPHANTOPUS L.

  1. Elephantopus mollis Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 20; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Al Farishy & Salamah, J. biol. tropis 21, 2, (2021) 386; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Elephantopus carolinensis G.Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq., 256, (1818) 313. – Elephantopus carolinianus Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2390, nom. illeg. – Elephantopus carolinianus var. mollis (Kunth) Beurlin, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl., (1854) 134. – Elephantopus cernuus Vall., Fl. Flumin., 8, (1829) t. 148. – Elephantopus cervinus Vell. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 36. – Elephantopus dilatatus Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., 4, (1906) 240. – Elephantopus hypomalacus S.F.Blake, Contr. Gray Herb., 52, (1917) 20. – Elephantopus martii Graham, Edinburgh New Philos. J., (1830) 378. – Elephantopus mollis var. bracteosus Domin, Acta Bohem., 9, 62, (1930) 62. – Elephantopus mollis var. capitulatus Domin, Acta Bot. Bohem., 9, 62, (1930) 62. – Elephantopus pilosus Philipson, J. Bot., 77, (1939) 314. – Elephantopus scaber var. albiflorus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 335. – Elephantopus sericeus Graham, Edinburgh New Philos. J., (1831) 373. – Elephantopus serratus Blanco, Fl. Filip., (1837) 635. – Elephantopus sordidus Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 212. Native to Subtropical and Tropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.
  2. Elephantopus tomentosus , Sp. Pl., (1753) 814; J. Kost., Blumea 1, 3, (1935) 464; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Elephantopus bodinieri Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 68, (1921) 117. – Elephantopus carolinianus var. simplex Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl., 2, (1818) 187. – Elephantopus nudicaulis Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl., 2, (1812) 543. – Elephantopus nudicaulis Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina, 2, (1823) 481, sensu auct. – Elephantopus nudicaulis var. major Hook., Compan. Bot. Mag., 1, (1835) 96. – Elephantopus tomentosus var. nudicaulis (Poir.) C.F.Baker, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 12, 5, (1902) 48. – Elephantopus tomentosus f. rotundatus Fernald, Rhodora, 38, (1936) 445. – Elephantopus virgatus Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid., (1825) 52. Native to U.S.A., introduced to Indonesia. Kalimantan, Sulawesi.

 

 

ELEUTHERANTHERA Poit.

  1. Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.Bip., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), 24, (1866) 239; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 407; J. Kost., Blumea, 25. (1979) 266; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 4; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Kegelia ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.Bip., Linnaea, 21, (1848) 245. – Melampodium ruderale Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3, (1806) 1372. – Ogiera ruderalis (Sw.) Griseb., Pl. Wright., 2, (1862) 513. – Tetranthus ruderalis (Sw.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 7, (1857) 234. Native to Tropical America, introduced worldwide.

 

EMILIA Cass.

  1. Emilia coccinea (Sims) G.Don, R.Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, (1839) 382; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; POWO (2024). – Cacalia coccinea Sims in Bot. Mag. 16: t. 564 (1802). – Cacalia tenuissima Bojer in Rapp. Annuel Trav. Soc. Hist. Nat. île Maurice 6: 27 (1835). – Emilia caespitosa Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29: 100 (1873). – Emilia flammea Cass. in G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 14: 406 (1819). – Emilia gracilis DC. in Prodr. 6: 303 (1838). – Emilia humbertii Robyns in Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 17: 102 (1943). – Emilia humbertii var. angustifolia Robyns in Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 17: 102 (1943). – Emilia macaulayae Garab. in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 140 (1924). – Emilia sagittata DC. in Prodr. 6: 302 (1838), nom. superfl. – Emilia sonchifolia var. sagittata C.B.Clarke in Compos. Ind.: 175 (1876). Native to Tropical Africa, introduced elsewhere. Sumatra.
  2. Emilia scabra, R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 24; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to India and Vietnam, introduced to Indonesia. Maluku.Gy

 

EPALTES Cass.

  1. Epaltes divaricata (L.) Cass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1818, (1818) 139; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Epaltes linearifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 461. – Erigerodes divaricata (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 335. – Ethulia divaricata L., Mant. Pl., 1, (1767) 110. – Poilania laggeroides Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 71, (1924) 56. Native from India, southern China, to Indochina, introduced to Malesia. Sumatra, Java.

 

ERECHTITES Raf.

  1. Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 294; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 424 as Erechtites hieraciifolia; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Cineraria canadensis Walter, Fl. Carol., (1788) 207. – Erechtites agrestis (Sw.) Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 23, (1947) 265. – Erechtites cacalioides  Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 395. – Erechtites carduifolius DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 294. – Erechtites elongatus A.Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer., 1, 2, (1884) 396. – Erechtites hieraciifolius var. cacalioides  (Fisch. ex Spreng.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 395. – Erechtites hieraciifolius var. carduifolius (Desf.) Griseb., unknown publication. – Erechtites hieraciifolius var. glabrescens Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 335. – Erechtites hieraciifolius var. intermedius Fernald, Rhodora, 19, (1917) 27. – Erechtites hieraciifolius var. megalocarpus (Fernald) Cronquist, Rhodora, 48, (1946) 122. – Erechtites hieraciifolius var. praealtus Fernald, Rhodora, 19, (1917) 27. – Erechtites hieraciifolius var. typicus Fernald, Rhodora, 19, (1917) 27), not validly publ. – Erechtites megalocarpus Fernald, Rhodora, 19, (1917) 24. – Erechtites praealtus Raf., Fl. Ludov., (1817) 65. – Erechtites sulcatus Gardner, London J. Bot., 7, (1848) 419. – Gynura  aspera Ridl., J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 1, (1923) 74. – Gynura  malasica  (Ridl.) Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins., 2, (1923) 190. – Gynura  zeylanica var. malasica  Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 61, (1912) 24. – Neoceis carduifolia Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 34, (1825) 386. – Neoceis hieraciifolia (L.) Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 34, (1825) 387. – Neoceis rigidula Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 34, (1825) 387. – Ptileris hieraciifolius Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev., 2, (1818) 268. – Senecio cacalioides  Fisch. ex Spreng., Novi Provent., (1818) 37. – Senecio carduifolius Desf., Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3, (1829) 177. – Senecio fischeri Sch.Bip., Flora, 28, (1845) 498. – Senecio hieraciifolius L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 866. – Senecio hieraciifolius var. cacalioides  M.Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 19, (1890) 277. – Senecio hieraciifolius var. carduifolius M.Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 19, (1890) 22. – Senecio hieraciifolius var. giganteus Raf., Med. Fl., 2, (1830) 262. – Senecio seminudus Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys., 1, (1819) 303. – Senecio vukotinovicii Schloss., Oesterr. Bot. Z., 31, (1881) 5. – Sonchus agrestis Sw. in Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ., (1788) 110. – Sonchus brasiliensis Meyen & Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., 19 (Suppl. 1), (1843) 293. – Sonchus occidentalis Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk., 2, (1821) 143. Native to subtropical and tropical America, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara.
  2. Erechtites valerianifolius (Link ex Spreng.) DC., , 6, (1838) 295; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 424 as Erechtites valerianifolia; J. Kost., Blumea, 26, 1, (1980) 242 as Erechtites valerianifolia; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Novianti et al., J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage., 4, 4, (2017) 932; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Crassocephalum valerianifolium (Link ex Spreng.) Less., Linnaea, 5, (1830) 163. – Erechtites ambiguus DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 295. – Erechtites gardnerianus Cabrera, Brittonia, 7, (1950) 54. – Erechtites organensis Gardner, London J. Bot., 7, (1848) 420. – Erechtites valerianifolius var. organensis (Gardner) Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 3, (1884) 300. – Erechtites valerianifolius f. organensis (Gardner) Belcher, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 43, (1956) 29. – Erechtites valerianifolius f. reductus Belcher, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 43, (1956) 30. – Eupatorium angosturae Pol., Linnaea, 41, (1877) 575. – Gynura  rosea Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 61, (1912) 25. – Senecio crassus Vell., Fl. Flumin., 8, (1829) t. 111. – Senecio paludicola Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 563, not validly publ. – Senecio valerianifolius Gardner, London J. Bot., 4, (1845) 127, nom. illeg. – Senecio valerianifolius Link ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 565. – Sonchus erythropappus Meyen & Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1), (1843) 293. Native from Mexico to Tropical America, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.

 

ERIGERON L.

  1. Erigeron bonariensis , Sp. Pl., (1753) 863; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 44; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 118; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). – Conyza chenopodioides DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 379. – Conyza crispa Rupr., Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, 14, (1856) 235. – Conyza hispida Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 55. – Conyza leucodasys Miq., J. Bot. Néerl., 1, (1860) 103. – Conyza linearis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 378. – Conyza linifolia (Willd.) Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt, (1956) 53, nom. illeg. – Conyza plebeia Phil., Anales Univ. Chile, 87, (1894) 685. – Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 70, (1943) 632. – Conyza sinuata Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina, 2, (1823) 323. – Conyza sordescens Cabrera, Man. Fl. Alrededores Buenos Aires, (1953) 481. – Conyzella linifolia (Willd.) Greene, Fl. Francisc., (1897) 386. – Dimorphanthes angustifolia Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 25, (1822) 95. – Dimorphanthes crispa Rupr., Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, 14, (1856) 235. – Dimorphanthes hispida Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 25, (1822) 96. – Dimorphanthes linifolia (Willd.) Rupr., Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, 14, (1856) 234. – Erigeron bonariensis f. grisea Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3, (1903) 714. – Erigeron bonariensis var. major Baker ex Glaz., Mém. Soc. Bot. France, 3, (1910) 397, not validly publ. – Erigeron crispus Pourr., Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse, 3, (1788) 318. – Erigeron gusalakensis Rech.f. & Edelb., Biol. Skr., 8, 2, (1955) 9. – Erigeron linearifolius Cav., Anales Ci. Nat., 4, (1801) 89. – Erigeron linifolius Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1955. – Erigeron looseri Herter, Revista Sudamer. Bot., 6, (1939) 106. – Erigeron oreophilus Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 79, (1918) 91, nom. illeg. – Erigeron sordidus Gillies ex Hook. & Arn., Compan. Bot. Mag., 2, (1837) 254. – Erigeron transsilvanicus Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv. (1866) 307. – Erigeron undulatus Moench, Methodus, (1794) 598, nom. superfl. – Leptilon bonariense (L.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 1231, (1903) 1340. – Leptilon linifolium (Willd.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 1231, (1903) 1340. – Marsea bonariensis (L.) V.M.Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat., 10, (1946) 256. – Pulicaria rufescens Nyman, Syll. Fl. Eur., (1855) 19. Native from Mexico to Tropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku.
  2. Erigeron flagellifolius Cabrera, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., 40, (1937) 229; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza armeriifolia Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 87, (1894) 680. – Conyza linifolia Phil., Linnaea, 28, (1858), 734, nom. illeg. – Conyza stenophylla Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 87, (1894) 687. Native from Chile, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra.
  3. Erigeron karvinskianus , Prodr., 5, (1836) 285; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 385; POWO (2024). – Erigeron karvinskianus var. mucronatus (DC.) Asch., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 41, (1900) 34. – Erigeron mucronatus DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 285. – Erigeron trilobus Sond., Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 12, (1856) 78. Native from Mexico to Tropical America, introduced worldwide. Java.
  4. Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 284; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 385; POWO (2024). – Erigeron conspicuus Rydb., Mem. New York Bot. Gard., 1, (1900) 400. – Erigeron eucephaloides Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit., 2, (1912) 216. – Erigeron grandiflorus Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7, (1834) 31, nom. illeg. – Erigeron leiophyllus Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit., 2, (1912) 218. – Erigeron leucotrichus Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 28, (1901) 23. – Erigeron macranthus Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 7, (1840) 310. – Erigeron macranthus subsp. mirus A.Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17, (1904) 178. – Erigeron mirus Anon., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17, (1905) 182. – Erigeron salicinus Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 32, (1905) 125. – Erigeron speciosus var. conspicuus (Rydb.) B.Boivin, Phytologia, 23, (1972) 46. – Erigeron speciosus var. macranthus (Nutt.) Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 70, (1943) 269. – Erigeron speciosus superbus J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies, Nursery Cat. (Duncan & Davies), (1925) 47. – Erigeron speciosus var. typicus Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 70, (1943) 268, not validly publ. – Erigeron subtrinervis var. conspicuus (Rydb.) Cronquist, Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W., 5, (1955) 193. – Erigeron subtrinervis subsp. conspicuus (Rydb.) Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 70, (1943) 271. – Stenactis speciosa Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg., 19, (1833) t. 1577. Native from Canada to Mexico, introduced worldwide. Java.
  5. Erigeron sumatrensis , Observ. Bot., 5, (1788) 28; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 385; Mangen, Ecology and Vegetation of Mt Trikora New Guinea (lrian Jaya/Indonesia) (1993) 159; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 4; Megawati et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 6, 3, (2017) 242; Novianti et al., J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage., 4, 4, (2017) 932; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Aster ambiguus E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 13, (1905) 59. – Baccharis ivifolia Blanco, Fl. Filip., (1837) 627, nom. illeg. – Conyza altissima Naudin ex Debeaux, Soc. Agric. Pyrénées-Orientales, 23, (1878) 151. – Conyza ambigua DC., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6, (1815) 468. – Conyza bonariensis var. microcephala (Cabrera) Cabrera, Man. Fl. Alrededores Buenos Aires, (1953) 481. – Conyza bonariensis f. subleiotheca Cuatrec., Webbia, 24, (1969) 227. – Conyza daveauana Sennen, Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat., 11, (1912) 194. – Conyza erigeroides DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 378. – Conyza flahaultiana (Thell.) Sennen, Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat., 15, (1916) 98. – Conyza floribunda var. subleiotheca (Cuatrec.) J.B.Marshall, Watsonia, 9, (1973) 372. – Conyza gracilis Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug., 2, (1825) 253. – Conyza groegeri V.M.Badillo, Ernstia, n.s., 10, 1, (2000) 5. – Conyza naudinii Bonnet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 25, (1879) 208. – Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker, J. Jap. Bot., 46, (1971) 72; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Dimorphanthes ambigua C.Presl, Fl. Sicul., 1, (1826) XXVIII. – Dimorphanthes floribunda Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 25, (1822) 96. – Erigeron ambiguus Sch.Bip., P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries, 3 (2; 2), (1844) 208. – Erigeron bonariensis var. microcephalus Cabrera, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot., 4, (1941) 88. – Erigeron crispus subsp. naudinii (Bonnet) Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France 5, (1922) 72. – Erigeron daveauanus (Sennen) Greuter,Willdenowia 37, (2007) 142. – Erigeron flahaultianus Thell., Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg, 38, (1912) 499. – Erigeron musashensis Makino, J. Jap. Bot., 3, (1926) 31. – Erigeron naudinii (Bonnet) Humbert, Fl. Madagasc., 189, (1960) 264. – Eschenbachia ambigua Moris, Fl. Sardoa, 2, (1843) 372. Native from Mexico to Tropical America, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.

 

EUPATORIUM L.

  1. Eupatorium cannabinum, Sp. Pl., (1753) 838; POWO (2024). – Chone heterophylla Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées, (1867) 512, nom. superfl. – Cunigunda vulgaris Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 273, nom. superfl. – Eupatorium cannabifolium, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 287, nom. superfl. Native from Europe to Central Asia and North Western Africa, introduced elsewhere.
    • Eupatorium cannabinum cannabinum, POWO (2024). – Eupatorium allaisii Sennen, Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat., 28, (1929) 73. – Eupatorium argenteum Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3166, not validly publ. – Eupatorium birmanicum, Prodr., 5, (1836) 179. – Eupatorium cannabinum var. lanceolatum Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 474. – Eupatorium cannabinum var. syriacum (Jacq.) Boiss., Fl. Orient., 3, (1875) 154. – Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. syriacum (Jacq.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 396. – Eupatorium cannabis-folium Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782) 172, opus utique oppr. – Eupatorium caucasicum Steven, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29, II, (1856) 371. – Eupatorium dicline Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 20, (1846) 63. – Eupatorium finlaysonianum Wall., Numer. List, (1832) n. 7133. – Eupatorium hyrcanicum Steven, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29, II, (1856) 371. – Eupatorium lambertianum Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3287. – Eupatorium lemassonii Biau, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 57, (1910) 201. – Eupatorium longicaule Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 178. – Eupatorium nodiflorum Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 179; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 498; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). – Eupatorium ponticum Pall. ex Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reich., 8, (1800) 306. – Eupatorium simonsii C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 32. – Eupatorium suaveolens Wall., Numer. List, (1829) n. 290, not validly publ. – Eupatorium syriacum Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar., 1, (1781) 17. – Eupatorium trifidum Vahl, Symb. Bot., 3, (1794) 94. – Eupatorium trifoliatum Steven, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29, II, (1856) 371, not validly publ. – Eupatorium trifoliatum Lucé, Topogr. Nachr. Oesel, (1823) 270. – Eupatorium variifolium Bartl., Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) 1840, (1840) 3. – Eupatorium viscosum Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3287, not validly publ. – Mikania longicaulis Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3073, not validly publ. Nusa Tenggara.
  2. Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small ex Porter & Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 5, (1894) 311; Irsyam & Hariri, Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi, 9, 2, (2016) 81; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Artemisia capillifolia, Encycl., 1, (1783) 267. – Artemisia tenuifolia Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1819, nom. illeg. – Chrysocoma capillacea Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer., 2, (1803) 101. – Eupatorium foeniculaceum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3, (1803) 1750. – Eupatorium foeniculaceum var. glabrum Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer., 2, (1841) 83. – Eupatorium foeniculaceum var. lateriflorum Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer., 2, (1841) 83. – Eupatorium foeniculaceum var. traganthes DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 176. – Eupatorium foeniculoides Walter, Fl. Carol., (1788) 199. – Mikania artemisioides Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 55, (1828) 130. – Traganthes tenuifolia Wallr. ex Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit., 1, (1903) 12. Native to Temperate America, introduced worldwide. Java.
  3. Eupatorium toppingianum Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 1, (1906) 101; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). Native from The Philippines, introduced to Indonesia. Sulawesi, Maluku.

 

 

GAILLARDIA Foug.

  1. Gaillardia pulchella, Hist. Acad. Roy. Sci. Mém. Math. Phys. (Paris, 4to) 1786: 5 (1788); Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 415; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; POWO (2024). – Calonnea pulcherrima Buc’hoz, Icon., 2, (1786) t. 126. – Gaillardia bicolor Lam., Encycl., 2, (1788) 590. – Gaillardia bicolor var. drummondii Hook., Bot. Mag., (61) 3368. – Gaillardia bicolor integrifolia Hook., Bot. Mag., 64, (1837) t. 3551. – Gaillardia drummondii (Hook.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 652. – Gaillardia lobata Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 13, (1861 publ. 1862) 459. – Gaillardia neomexicana A.Nelson, Univ. Wyoming Publ. Sci., Bot., 1, (1926) 135. – Gaillardia picta D.Don, R.Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., 6, (1834) t. 267. – Gaillardia pulchella var. albiflora Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 55, (1914) 67. – Gaillardia pulchella var. australis B.L.Turner & Whalen, Wrightia, 5, (1975) 192. – Gaillardia pulchella var. drummondii (Hook.) B.L.Turner, Sida, Bot. Misc., 24, (2003) 6. – Gaillardia pulchella f. flaviflora S.S.Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan, 5, (1995) 601. – Gaillardia pulchella f. lorenziana Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1, (1894) 497. – Gaillardia pulchella f. picta (D.Don) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1, (1894) 497. – Gaillardia pulchella var. picta (D.Don) A.Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer., 1 (2), (1884) 352. – Gaillardia pulchella var. simplex Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 497. – Gaillardia pulchella var. tubulosa Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 497. – Gaillardia scabrosa Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 13, (1861 publ. 1862) 459. – Gaillardia villosa Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34 (2), (1915) 135. – Galordia alternifolia Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. Pl. Illustr., ed. 3, (1797) 251. – Virgilia helioides L’Hér., Virgilia: [s.p.] (1788). Native from USA, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java.

 

GALINSOGA Ruiz & Pav.

  1. Galinsoga parviflora, Icon., 3, (1795) 41; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 414; J. Kost., Blumea 25, (1979) 267; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Megawati et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 6, 3, (2017) 243; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Adventina parviflora (Cav.) Raf., New Fl., 1, (1836) 67. – Baziasa microglossa Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 192. – Galinsoga acmella Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 766, pro syn. – Galinsoga calva Sch.Bip., Linnaea, 34, (1866) 529, nom. nud. – Galinsoga hirsuta Baker, Curator’s Rep. Thirsk Nat. Hist. Soc., 1861, (1862) 13. – Galinsoga laciniata Retz. ex Hoffm., Phytogr. Blätt., 1, (1803) 46. – Galinsoga parviflora var. adenophora Thell., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst., 21, (1915) 9. – Galinsoga parviflora f. parceglandulosa Thell., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst., 21, (1915) 8. – Galinsoga parviflora var. semicalva A.Gray, Smithsonian Contr. Knowl., 5 (6), (1853) 98. – Galinsoga parviflora f. subeglandulosa Thell., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst., 21, (1915) 8. – Galinsoga quinqueradiata Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil., 1, (1798) 198. – Galinsoga semicalva (A.Gray) H.St.John & D.White, Rhodora, 22, (1920) 100. – Galinsoga semicalva var. percalva S.F.Blake, J. Washington Acad. Sci., 30, (1940) 472. – Sabazia microglossa DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 497. – Sabazia microglossa var. puberula DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 497. – Stemmatella sodiroi Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 28, (1901) 601. – Vigolina acmella Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 8, (1808) 613. – Vigolina armella Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 656, pro syn. – Wiborgia acmelea Roth, Catal. Bot., 2, (1800) 112. – Wiborgia parviflora (Cav.) Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 201. Native from tropical America, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.
  2. Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil., 1, (1798) 198; Santosa et al., Agron. Indonesia, 48, 3, (2020) 341; Kurniawan et al., JTBB, 7, 1, (2022) 5; POWO (2024). – Adventina ciliata Raf., New Fl., 1, (1836) 67. – Ageratum perplexans M.Johnson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 58, (1971) 80. – Baziasa urticifolia (Kunth) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 192. – Galinsoga allaeocarpa Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 579. – Galinsoga aristulata E.P.Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 43, (1916) 270. – Galinsoga bicolorata H.St.John & D.White, Rhodora, 22, (1920) 99. – Galinsoga brachystephana Regel, Index Seminum (Z, Turicensis), 1846, (1846) 2. – Galinsoga caracasana (DC.) Sch.Bip., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 12, (1865) 80. – Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F.Blake, Rhodora, 24, (1922) 35. – Galinsoga ciliata f. vargasiana (Thell.) Lousley, Watsonia, 1, (1950) 240. – Galinsoga eligulata Cuatrec., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact., 9, (1954) 241. – Galinsoga hispida Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur, (1845) 119. – Galinsoga humboldtii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 28, (1901) 618. – Galinsoga parviflora var. caracasana (DC.) A.Gray, Smithsonian Contr. Knowl., 5, 6, (1853) 98. – Galinsoga parviflora var. hispida DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 677. – Galinsoga parviflora subsp. hispida (DC.) O.Bolòs & Vigo, Fl. Països Catalans, 3, (1995) 775. – Galinsoga plikeri Giacom., Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Pavia, ser. 5, 9, (1950) 186, not validly publ. – Galinsoga purpurea H.St.John & D.White, Rhodora, 22, (1920) 98. – Galinsoga quadriradiata f. albiflora Fenzl ex Thell., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst., 21, (1915) 15. – Galinsoga quadriradiata var. hispida (DC.) Thell., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst., 21, (1915)11. – Galinsoga quadriradiata subsp. hispida (DC.) Thell., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst., 21, (1915) 21. – Galinsoga quadriradiata f. vargasiana Thell., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst., 21, (1915) 14. – Galinsoga urticifolia (Kunth) Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur, (1845) 119. – Jaegeria urticifolia (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 590. – Sabazia urticifolia (Kunth) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 497. – Stemmatella lehmannii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 28, (1901) 602. – Stemmatella urticifolia (Kunth) O.Hoffm. ex Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 28, (1901) 603. – Stemmatella urticifolia var. eglandulosa Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 36, (1905) 487. – Vargasia caracasana DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 676. – Vasargia caracasana (DC.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 745. – Wiborgia brachystephana Heynh., Alph. Aufz. Gew., (1847) 767. – Wiborgia urticifolia Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 201. Native from Mexico to South America, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

 

GAMOCHAETA Wedd.

  1. Gamochaeta americana (Mill.) Wedd., Chlor. Andina, 1, (1856) 151; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gamochaeta americana var. alpina Wedd., Chlor. Andina, 1, (1856) 152. – Gamochaeta americana subvar. interrupta Wedd., Chlor. Andina, 1, (1856) 152. – Gamochaeta americana var. vulgaris Wedd., Chlor. Andina, 1, (1856) 152. – Gamochaeta coarctata (Willd.) Kerguélen,Lejeunia, n.s., 120, (1987) 104. – Gamochaeta guatemalensis (Gand.) Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot., 9, (1961) 371. – Gamochaeta impatiens G.L.Nesom, Phytoneuron, 2022-35, (2022) 2. – Gamochaeta irazuensis G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 68, (1990) 199. – Gamochaeta spicata (Klatt) Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot., 9, (1961), 380, nom. superfl. – Gnaphalium americanum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: [s.p.] (1768). – Gnaphalium coarctatum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1886. – Gnaphalium consanguineum Gaudich., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 5, (1825) 103. – Gnaphalium guatemalense Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 65, (1918) 42. – Gnaphalium liui S.S.Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan, 6, (1998) 666. – Gnaphalium purpureum var. americanum (Mill.) Klatt, Linnaea, 42, (1878) 140. – Gnaphalium purpureum var. macrophyllum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 39, (1903) 97. – Gnaphalium purpureum var. spicatum Klatt, Linnaea, 42, (1878) 140. – Gnaphalium radians var. spicatum Klatt, Linnaea, 42, (1878-1879) 140. – Gnaphalium spicatum Lam., Encycl., 2, (1788), 757, nom. illeg. – Gnaphalium spicatum var. alpinum (Wedd.) Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 29, (1900) 31. – Gnaphalium spicatum var. chonoticum Hook.f., Fl. Antarct., 2, (1846) 309. – Gnaphalium spicatum var. consanguineum Skottsb., Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Sudpol.-Exped., 4, 10, (1909) 50. – Gnaphalium spicatum f. consanguineum Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., n.f., 50, 3, (1913) 55. – Gnaphalium spicatum var. hololeucum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile, 90, (1895) 21. – Gnaphalium spicatum var. interruptum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 232. – Gnaphalium spicatum var. sabulosum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 232. Native to tropical and subtropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Papua.
  2. Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot., 9, (1961) 375; POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium chinense Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 43 (1918). – Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 867 (1809); Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83. – Gnaphalium peregrinum Fernald, Rhodora 45: 479 (1943); Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 395; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Gnaphalium purpureum var. spathulatum Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 6 (3): 125 (1882). – Gnaphalium purpureum subsp. pensylvanicum (Willd.) O.Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 103 (1983). – Gnaphalium spathulatum Lam., Encycl. 2: 759 (1788), nom. illeg. Native to tropical and subtropical America, introduced to dry biome or highland region. Sumatra, Java.
  3. Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot., 9, (1961) 377; POWO (2024). – Gamochaeta rosacea (I.M.Johnst.) Anderb., Opera Bot., 104, (1991) 157. – Gnaphalium columbianum Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 19, (1894) 62. – Gnaphalium dillenii Schult., Observ. Bot., (1809) 175. – Gnaphalium hyemale Walter, Fl. Carol., (1788) 203. – Gnaphalium littorale Banks & Sol. ex Hook.f., Fl. Antarct., 2, (1846) 310. – Gnaphalium obtusifolium Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 478. – Gnaphalium purpureum L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 854; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 394; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Gnaphalium purpureum var. normale Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 340, not validly publ. – Gnaphalium retusum Poepp. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 234, not validly publ. – Gnaphalium rosaceum I.M.Johnst., Contr. Gray Herb., 68, (1923) 99. – Gnaphalium roseorufescens Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 695. – Gnaphalium spicatum f. purpurascens Malme, Ark. Bot., 24A (6), (1931) 64. Native to tropical and subtropical America, introduced to dry biome or highland region. Java.
  4. Gamochaeta simplicaulis (Willd. ex Spreng.) Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot., 9, (1961) 379; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium purpureum var. simplicicaule (Willd. ex Spreng.) Klatt, Linnaea, 42, (1878) 140. – Gnaphalium simplicicaule Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 481. – Gnaphalium multicapitatum Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl., (1920) 149. Native from Panama to southern America, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

GERBERA L.

  1. Gerbera jamesonii Adlam, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 3, (1888) 775; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 432; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; POWO (2024). Native to Eswatini in Africa, introduced in several countries including Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi.

 

GLEBIONIS Cass.

  1. Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég., 10, (1841) 181; POWO (2024). – Buphthalmum oleraceum Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 506. – Chamaemelum coronarium (L.) E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 13, (1905) 203. – Chrysanthemum breviradiatum DC., Prodr. 6: 64 (1838). – Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 890; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 420; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 82. – Chrysanthemum coronarium alboflavum T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 310. – Chrysanthemum coronarium alboplenum T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 310. – Chrysanthemum coronarium var. coronatum Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult., 2, (1802) 466, not validly publ. – Chrysanthemum coronatum Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult., 2, (1801) 466, nom. superfl. – Chrysanthemum matricariodes Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1, (1894) 507, pro syn. – Chrysanthemum roxburghii Desf., Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2, (1815) 119. – Chrysanthemum senecioides Dunal ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 64, pro syn. – Chrysanthemum speciosum Brouss. ex Pers., Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 463, pro syn. – Dendranthema coronarium (L.) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra, 3A, (2001) 97. – Glebionis coronaria var. discolor (d’Urv.) Turland, Taxon, 53, (2004) 1073. – Glebionis discolor (d’Urv.) Cano, Musarella, Cano-Ortiz, Piñar Fuentes, Spamp., PhytoKeys, 81, (2017) 115. – Glebionis roxburghii (Desf.) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84 (7), (1999) 117. – Matricaria coronaria (L.) Desr., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 3, (1791) 737. – Pinardia coronaria (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 255; Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 415. – Pyrethrum indicum Roxb. ex Sims, Bot. Mag., 37, (1813) t. 1521. – Xantophtalmum coronarium (L.) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland, 4, (2006) 557. Native from native from Mediterranean, Arab peninsula, to central Asia, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara.
  2. Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 17, (1869) 90; POWO (2024). – Chamaemelum segetum (L.) E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2., 13, (1905) 202. – Chrysanthemum holophyllum Pau, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 22, (1922) 59. – Chrysanthemum laciniatum Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782) 218, opus utique oppr. – Chrysanthemum segetale Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 203. – Chrysanthemum segetum L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 889; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 420. – Chrysanthemum segetum var. integrifolium N.H.F.Desp., Fl. Sarthe, (1838) 129. – Chrysanthemum segetum var. parviflorum Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 452. – Chrysanthemum umbrosum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3, (1803) 2149. – Chrysanthemum welwitschii Sch.Bip. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 370. – Leucanthemum segetum (L.) Stankov, Opred. Vyssh. Rast. Evr. Chasti SSSR, (1949) 630. – Matricaria segetum (L.) Schrank, Baier. Fl. 2, (1789) 406. – Pinardia segetum (L.) H.Karst., Deut. Fl., (1883) 1095. – Pyrethrum segetum (L.) Moench, Methodus, (1794) 597. – Pyrethrum umbrosum Boiss., Fl. Orient., 3, (1875) 357. – Xantophtalmum segetum (L.) Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 17. Native from native from Europe, Mediterranean, Arab peninsula, to central Asia, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

GUIZOTIA Cass.

  1. Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 59, (1829) 248; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 410; POWO (2024). – Anthemis mysorensis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 551. – Bidens ramtilla Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3191, not validly publ. – Buphthalmum ramtilla Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3191. – Guizotia oleifera (DC.) DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève, 7, (1836) 269. – Guizotia oleifera var. angustior (DC.) DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève, 7, (1836) 272. – Guizotia oleifera var. sativa (Roxb. ex Sims) DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève, 7, (1836) 272. – Helianthus oleifer Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3194, not validly publ. – Heliopsis platyglossa Cass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1821, (1822) 187. – Jaegeria abyssinica (L.f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 590. – Parthenium luteum Spreng., Nov. Provent., (1818) 31. – Polymnia abyssinica L.f., Suppl. Pl., (1782) 383. – Polymnia frondosa Bruce ex Murray, Select Spec. Nat. Hist., ed. 2, 7, (1805) t. 15. – Ramtilla oleifera DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 18. – Ramtilla oleifera var. angustior DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 18. – Ramtilla oleifera var. sativa (Roxb. ex Sims) DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 18. – Tetragonotheca abyssinica (L.f.) Ledeb., Index Seminum (TU, Dorpatensis), 1824, (1824) 7. – Verbesina sativa Roxb. ex Sims, Bot. Mag., 26, (1807) t. 1017. native to North Eastern Tropical Africa, introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

GYMNANTHEMUM Cass.

  1. Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip., W.G.Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 2, (1843) 948; Nisyawati & Mustaqim, A Guide to the Urban Plants of Universitas Indonesia: Spermatophytes (2017) 149; Irsyam & Irwanto, J. Biodjati 4, 2, (2019) 246; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Bracheilema paniculatum R.Br., Voy. Abyss., App., (1814) lxv. – Cacalia amygdalina (Delile) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 969. – Cheliusia abyssinica Sch.Bip., Flora 24 (1, Intelligenzbl.), (1841) 26, nom. nud. – Decaneurum amygdalinum (Delile) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 68. – Gymnanthemum abyssinicum Sch.Bip. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst., 2, (1843) 948. – Keringa amygdalina (Delile) Raf., Sylva Tellur., (1838) 144. – Vernonanthura condensata (Baker) H.Rob., Phytologia, 73, (1992) 69. – Vernonia adenosticta Fenzl ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst., 6, (1846) 98. – Vernonia amygdalina Delile, Cent. Pl. Afr. Voy. Méroé, (1826) 41; Widayat et al., Eksplorasi Pengetahuan Lokal Etnomedisin dan Tumbuhan Obat Berbasis Komunitas di Indonesia Provinsi Papua Barat (Laporan Penelitian), (2017) 99. – Vernonia bahiensis Toledo, Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s., 1, (1939) 52. – Vernonia condensata Baker, J. Bot., 13, (1875) 202. – Vernonia eritreana Klatt, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 4, (1896) 826. – Vernonia giorgii De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles, 5, (1915) 92. – Vernonia randii S.Moore, J. Bot., 37, (1899) 369. – Vernonia sylvestris Glaz., Mém. Soc. Bot. France, 3, (1909) 373, not validly publ. – Vernonia vogeliana Benth., Niger Fl., (1849) 427. – Vernonia weisseana Muschl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 46, (1911) 91. Native to native to Africa and South America, introduced to Indonesia. Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua.

 

GYNURA Cass.

  1. Gynura  bicolor , Prodr., 6, (1838) 299; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia angulosa Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3152. – Cacalia bicolor Roxb. ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1731. – Gynura  angulosa DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 298. – Gynura  angulosa var. petiolata Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1881) 334. – Gynura  auriculata var. puberula DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 300. – Gynura  cusimbua var. petiolata (Hook.f.) R.Mathur, R.R.Rao & al., Fl. Ind. Enum. – Asteraceae, (1988) 42. – Gynura  purpurascens DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 299. – Senecio moluccanus Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 433. – Senecio punduahensis Sch.Bip., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 159. Native from India, China, to Taiwan, introduced to Indonesia. Maluku.
  2. Gynura  divaricata (L.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838); 301 Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia albicans Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., (1894) 181. – Cacalia hieracioides Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1781. – Cacalia incana L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1169. – Cacalia ovalis Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg., 2, (1816) t. 101. – Gynura  auriculata Cass., Opusc. Phytol., 3, (1834) 100. – Gynura  auriculata var. glabrata DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 300. – Gynura  glabrata Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1881) 335. – Gynura  hemsleyana H.Lév., Bull. Géogr. Bot., 24, (1914) 284. – Gynura  incana (L.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles, 3, (1913 publ. 1914) 418 –Gynura  ovalis DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 300. – Gynura  panershenia Z.Y.Zhu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin, 26, (2006) 644. – Gynura  pseudochina Benth., Fl. Hongk., (1861) 189. – Kleinia hieracioides Less., Linnaea, 6, (1831) 133. – Porophyllum hieracioides DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 650. – Senecio boryanus Sch.Bip., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop., (1867) 159. Native from southern China to Indochina, introduced to Malesia. Java, Maluku.
  3. Gynura  japonica (Thunb.) Juel, Acta Horti Berg., 1, 3, (1891) 86; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia pinnatifida Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 2, (1790) 486. – Gynura  aurita C.Winkl., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, 14, (1895) 151. – Gynura  flava Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 25, (1908) 138. – Gynura  pinnatifida DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 301. – Gynura  segetum Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., 14, (1919) 260. – Gynura  vaniotii H.Lév., Bull. Géogr. Bot., 24, (1914) 284. – Kleinia japonica (Thunb.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 192. – Porophyllum japonicum (Thunb.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 650. – Senecio japonicus Thunb., J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed., 14., (1784) 756. – Senecio luridus Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796), 196, nom. superfl. Native from Nepal to Japan and Phillipines, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi.
  4. Gynura  vidaliana Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 1, (1906) 144; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Phillipines.

 

HELENIUM L.

  1. Helenium amarum (Raf.) H.Rock, Rhodora, 59, (1957) 131; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gaillardia amara Raf., Fl. Ludov., (1817) 69. Native from Central USA, North Eastern Mexico, to Caribbean.

 

HELIANTHUS L.

  1. Helianthus angustifolius, Sp. Pl., (1753) 906; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 407; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; POWO (2024). – Coreopsis angustifolia L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 908. – Discomela angustifolius (L.) Raf., Neogenyton, (1825) 3. – Helianthus angustifolius var. nemorosus C.Mohr, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 6, (1901) 800. – Helianthus angustifolius var. planifolius Fernald, Rhodora, 49, (1947) 190. – Leighia bicolor Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 25, (1822) 436, nom. superfl. – Rudbeckia angustifolia (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1281. Native to northern central to eastern USA, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java.
  2. Helianthus annuus, Sp. Pl., (1753) 904; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 406; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 302; POWO (2024). – Helianthus annuus var. apicalis Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus var. aridus Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 49, (1915) 611. – Helianthus annuus var. basalis Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus var. californicus (T.Moore) Bushell, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1861) 661. – Helianthus annuus californicus T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 314. – Helianthus annuus var. chrysanthemoides Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 49, (1915) 617. – Helianthus annuus var. convolutus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus var. coronatus Cockerell, J. Heredity, 6, (1915) 542. – Helianthus annuus var. dilutus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus f. fallax B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad., 87, (1960) 35. – Helianthus annuus var. flavobasis Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus var. indicus (L.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 585. – Helianthus annuus mut. inornatus Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 63, (1929) 475. – Helianthus annuus subsp. jaegeri (Heiser) Heiser, Contr. Dudley Herb., 4, (1955) 317. – Helianthus annuus var. latibasis Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus var. lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindl.) Steyerm., Rhodora, 62, (1960) 132. – Helianthus annuus f. lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindl.) B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad., 87, (1960) 35. – Helianthus annuus subsp. lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindl.) Cockerell, Science, n.s., 40, (1914) 284. – Helianthus annuus lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindl.) Cockerell, Bot. Gaz., 45, (1908) 338. – Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus (DC.) Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 49, (1915) 611. – Helianthus annuus var. niger Cockerell, Science, n.s., 40, (1914) 708. – Helianthus annuus var. pallescens Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus var. passiflora Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186 — Helianthus annuus var. primulinus Cockerell, Science, n.s., 38, (1913) 312. – Helianthus annuus var. pumilus DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 585. – Helianthus annuus var. reversus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus var. revolutus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus var. ruberrimus Cockerell, Science, n.s., 40, (1914) 708. – Helianthus annuus var. selene Cockerell, Science, n.s., 40, (1914) 285. – Helianthus annuus var. semivinosus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus f. silvester Thell., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich, 64, (1919) 799. – Helianthus annuus subsp. texanus Heiser, Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 51, (1954) 299. – Helianthus annuus var. texanus (Heiser) Shinners, Sida, 1, (1964) 377. – Helianthus annuus var. tortuosus Cockerell, Science, n.s., 38, (1913) 313. – Helianthus annuus var. trizonatus Cockerell, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 64, (1918) 186. – Helianthus annuus var. vinosissimus Cockerell, Science, n.s., 40, (1914) 709. – Helianthus annuus var. vinosus Cockerell, Science, n.s., 38, (1913) 313. – Helianthus aridus Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32, (1905) 127. – Helianthus aridus var. citrinus Cockerell, Science, n.s., 40, (1914) 284. – Helianthus erythrocarpus Bartl., Linnaea 14 (Literat.), (1840) 125. – Helianthus grandiflorus Wender. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 737. – Helianthus indicus L., Mant. Pl., 1, (1767) 117. – Helianthus jaegeri Heiser, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 75, (1948) 513. – Helianthus lenticularis Douglas ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg., 15, (1829) t. 1265. – Helianthus lenticularis var. angustus Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 49, (1915) 620. – Helianthus lenticularis var. aridus Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 49, (1915) 611. – Helianthus lenticularis var. primulinus Cockerell, Science, n.s., 40, (1914) 284. – Helianthus lindheimerianus Scheele, Linnaea 22, (1849) 159. – Helianthus macrocarpus DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 585. – Helianthus ovatus Lehm., Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis), 1828, (1828) 16. – Helianthus petiolaris DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 586, not validly publ. – Helianthus platycephalus Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 20, (1821) 352, nom. superfl. – Helianthus pumilus Pers., Syn. Pl. 2, (1807) 475. – Helianthus ultiflorus L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 905. Native to southwerstern USA to Mexico, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi.
  3. Helianthus argophyllus & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer., 2, (1842) 218; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 406; POWO (2024). – Helianthus annuus var. argophyllus (Torr. & A.Gray) Anashch., Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad), 59, (1974) 1476. Native to Southeastern USA to Texas, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  4. Helianthus debilis, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 7, (1841) 367; POWO (2024). – Helianthus annuus var. debilis (Nutt.) Anashch. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad), 59, (1974) 1476. Native from Southeastern USA to Texas.
  1. Helianthus tuberosus, Sp. Pl., (1753) 905; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 407; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; POWO (2024). – Helianthemum tuberosum Garsault, Fig. Pl. Méd., 2, (1764) t. 298, opus utique rej. – Helianthus doronicoides Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer., 2, (1842) 327, nom. illeg. – Helianthus esculentus Warsz., C.F.Otto & A.G.Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 20, (1852) 293, nom. illeg. – Helianthus pubescens Aiton, Bot. Reg., 7, (1821) t. 524, nom. illeg. – Helianthus serotinus Tausch, Flora, 11, (1828) 504. – Helianthus spathulatus Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina, 2, (1823) 421. – Helianthus squarrosus Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 7, (1841) 367. – Helianthus strumosus subsp. tomentosus (Michx.) Anashch., Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad), 59, (1974) 1580. – Helianthus subcanescens (A.Gray) E.Watson, Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci., 9, (1929) 430. – Helianthus tomentosus Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer., 2, (1803) 141. – Helianthus tuberosus var. albus Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 53, (1919) 189. – Helianthus tuberosus var. alexandri Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 53, (1919) 188. – Helianthus tuberosus var. fusiformis Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 53, (1919) 189. – Helianthus tuberosus f. moldenkeanus Oswald, Phytologia, 52, (1982) 93. – Helianthus tuberosus var. multituberculatus Cockerell, Monthly Bull. Calif. Commiss. Hort., reimpr., 8, 5, (1919) 6. – Helianthus tuberosus var. nebrascensis Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 53, (1919) 188. – Helianthus tuberosus f. oswaldiae Oswald, Phytologia, 44, (1979) 419. – Helianthus tuberosus var. purpurellus Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 53, (1919) 189. – Helianthus tuberosus var. purpureus Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 53, (1919) 190. – Helianthus tuberosus var. subcanescens A.Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer., 1, 2, (1884) 280. – Helianthus tuberosus var. typicus Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 53, (1919) 188, not validly publ. Native from Canada to USA, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java.

 

HELICHRYSUM Mill.

  1. Helichrysum orientale (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl., 2, (1791) 404; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium africanum Hoffmanns., Verz. Pfl.-Kult., 1, (1824) 63. – Gnaphalium elegans Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 192, nom. Superfl. – Gnaphalium elongatum (Moench) Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn., 2, (1815) 801, nom. illeg. – Gnaphalium graveolens Fenzl ex Sch.Bip., P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries, 3 (2; 2), (1845) 316, not validly publ. – Gnaphalium hortense Gaterau, Descr. Pl. Montauban, (1789) 145. – Gnaphalium orientale L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 853. – Helichrysum elongatum Moench, Methodus, (1794) 575. – Helichrysum pichleri Barbey, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., 21, (1885) 90. Native to eastern mediterranean, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra.

 

HELMINTHOTHECA Zinn.

  1. Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., 8, (1973) 176; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Crepis echioides (L.) All., Fl. Pedem., 1, (1785) 222. – Helminthia dichotoma Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées, (1867) 496. – Helminthia echioides (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl., 2, (1791) 368. – Helminthia echioides var. angustifolia Boiss. ex DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 132. – Helminthia echioides proles humifusa (Willd.) Rouy, G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France, 10, (1908) 20. – Helminthia echioides subsp. humifusa (Willd.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital., (1882) 419. – Helminthia echioides var. mollis Duby, Bot. Gall., pars prima, (1828) 300. – Helminthia echioides var. pratensis (Chevall.) DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 132. – Helminthia humifusa Trevir., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., 13, 1, (1826) 195. – Helminthia pratensis Chevall., Fl. Gén. Env. Paris, 2, (1828) 552. – Helminthia rigida Schult., Observ. Bot., (1809) 168. – Helminthia tuberculata Moench, Methodus, (1794), 539, nom. superfl. – Helminthotheca echioides var. incisa P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland, 4, (2006) 532. – Helminthotheca echioides var. mollis (Duby) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland, 4, (2006) 532. – Helminthotheca echioides var. pratensis (Chevall.) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland, 4, (2006) 532. – Hieracium helminthia E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2., 14, (1906) 88. – Picris echioides L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 792. – Picris humifusa Willd., Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1, (1807) 137. – Picris ruderalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 179. Native from Europe, Mediterranean, to Central Asia, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

HIPPIA L.

  1. Hippia simplicior Magee & B.Busch, Bothalia, 43, (2013) 92; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ethulia paniculata Houtt., Handl. Pl.-Kruidk., 10, (1773-1783) 551. – Hippia integrifolia Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 268. – Hippia vahliana Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 768. Native to South Africa, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

ISMELIA Cass.

  1. Ismelia carinata (Schousb.) Sch.Bip., P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries, 3 (2; 2), (1844) 271; POWO (2024). – Chrysanthemum assakae Caball., Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot., 28, (1935) 27. – Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb., Iagttag. Vextrig. Marokko, (1800) 198; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 419. – Chrysanthemum carinatum var. burridgeanum T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 310. – Chrysanthemum carinatum var. venustum T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 310. – Chrysanthemum tricolor Andrews, Bot. Repos., 2, (1800) t. 109. – Glebionis carinata (Schousb.) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad), 84, 7, (1999) 117. – Ismelia versicolor Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 41, (1826) 41, nom. superfl. – Matricaria carinata (Schousb.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl., 3, (1814) 602. Native to Morocco, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

 

IXERIDIUM (A.Gray) Tzvelev

  1. Ixeridium dentatum (Thunb.) Tzvelev, V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS, 29, (1964) 392; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Chondrilla dentata (Thunb.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl., 2, (1811) 328. – Ixeris dentata (Thunb.) Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor., 14, (1923) 114. – Ixeris thunbergii A.Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s., 6, 2, (1858), 397, nom. superfl. – Lactuca dentata (Thunb.) C.B.Rob., Philipp. J. Sci., C 3, (1908) 218. – Lactuca dentata var. thunbergii Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 27, (1913), 29, not validly publ. – Lactuca dentata subvar. thunbergii Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 24, (1910), 75, not validly publ. – Lactuca thunbergii Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19, (1874), 530, nom. superfl. – Paraixeris dentata (Thunb.) H.S.Pak, Fl. Coreana, 7, (1999) 372. – Prenanthes dentata Thunb., J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14., (1784) 715. – Youngia dentata (Thunb.) DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 193. Native to China, Indochina, to Japan.
  1. Ixeridium gracile (DC.) Pak & Kawano, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Biol., 15, (1992) 45; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Ixeris gracilis (DC.) Stebbins, J. Bot., 75, (1937) 50. – Lactuca gracilis DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 140. Native from Himalaya to China.

 

IXERIS (Cass.) Cass.

  1. Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 34, (1920) 152; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Chondrilla chinensis (Thunb.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2, (1811) 331. – Ixeridium chinense (Thunb.) Tzvelev, V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS, 29, (1964) 390. – Lactuca chinensis (Thunb.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 17, (1903) 89. – Paraixeris chinensis (Thunb.) H.S.Pak, Fl. Coreana, 7, (1999) 374. – Prenanthes chinensis Thunb., J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14., (1784) 714. – Youngia chinensis (Thunb.) DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 194. Native from Siberia, Russia Far East, to Indochina.

 

JACOBAEA Mill.

  1. Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden, R.Meijden, Heukels’ Fl. Nederland, ed., 23, (2005) 677; POWO (2024). – Cineraria maritima (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1244. – Othonna maritima L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 925. – Senecio bicolor subsp. cineraria (DC.) Chater, Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 68, (1974) 273. – Senecio cineraria DC. in Prodr., 6, (1838) 355; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 427. – Senecio gibbosus subsp. cineraria (DC.) Peruzzi, N.G.Passal. & Soldano in Annot. Checkl. Italian Vasc. Fl., (2005) 21. – Senecio maritimus (L.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2., 2, (1829) 1479, nom. illeg. Native from Western and Central Meditteranean, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

JAEGERIA Kunth

  1. Jaegeria hirta (Lag.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 223; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 401; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Acmella hirta Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl., (1816) 31. – Ceratocephalus ecliptodes Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 326. – Ceratocephalus karwinskianus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 326. – Ceratocephalus sessilifolius Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 326. – Ceratocephalus sessilis Kuntze, Revis. Pl., 1, (1891) 326. – Eclipta bellidioides Sch.Bip. ex S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26, (1930) 242. – Jaegeria bellidioides Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 591. – Jaegeria discoidea Klatt, Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., 10, (1893) 126. – Jaegeria hirta var. glabra Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 3, (1884) 167. – Jaegeria mnioides Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 218. – Jaegeria parviflora DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 544. – Jaegeria repens DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 544. – Macella hirta (Lag.) K.Koch, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1855 (App.), (1855) 13. – Spilanthes ecliptoides Gardner, London J. Bot., 7, (1848) 407. – Spilanthes hirta (Lag.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 622. – Spilanthes karvinskiana DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 623. – Spilanthes mariannae DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 623. – Spilanthes sessilifolia Hemsl, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot., 2, (1881) 193. – Spilanthes sessilis Poepp., E.F.Poeppig & S.L.Endlicher, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl., 3, (1843) 50. Native from Mexico to Tropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

 

KLEINIA Mill

  1. Kleinia grandiflora (DC.) N.Rani, Fl. Tamil Nadu, 3, 1, (1983) 801; POWO (2024). – Cacalia crassissima Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3155. – Cacalia grandiflora Wall., Numer. List, (1831) 3147, not validly publ. – Cacalia kleinia J.Graham, Cat. Pl. Bombay, (1839) 98. – Cacalia sempervirens Spreng. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 442. – Kleinia balsamica (Dalzell & A.Gibson) P.Halliday, Kew Bull., 42, (1987) 442. – Kleinia balsamica (Dalzell & A.Gibson) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra, 3A, (2001) 117. – Kleinia grandiflora var. major (Ramaswami) Uniyal, Fl. Ind. Enum. – Asteraceae, (1988) 47. – Notonia balsamica Dalzell & A.Gibson, Bombay Fl., (1861) 133. – Notonia corymbosa DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 442. – Notonia crassissima DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 442. – Notonia grandiflora DC., Arch. Bot. (Paris), 2, (1833) 518; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 428; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83. – Notonia grandiflora var. major Ramaswami, Rec. Bot. Surv. India, 6, (1914) 139. – Senecio ampliflorus G.D.Rowley, Natl. Cact. Succ. J., 10, (1955) 31. – Senecio corymbosus (DC.) H.Jacobsen, Handb. Succ. Pl., 2, (1954) 1022, nom. illeg. – Senecio crassus H.Jacobsen, Handb. Succ. Pl., 2, (1954) 1023. – Senecio grandiflorus (DC.) H.Jacobsen, Handb. Succ. Pl., 2, (1954) 1026, nom. illeg. – Senecio indicus Backer ex K.Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 2., 2, (1927) 1445. Native from India to Indo-China, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java.
  2. Kleinia petraea (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull., 41, (1986) 926; Irsyam & Irwanto, J. Biodjati 4, 2, (2019) 246; POWO (2024). – Notonia petraea R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg., 9, (1928) 148. – Notoniopsis petraea (R.E.Fr.) B.Nord., Opera Bot., 44, (1978) 72. – Senecio jacobsenii G.D.Rowley, Natl. Cact. Succ. J., 10, (1955) 31. – Senecio petraeus Muschl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 43, (1909) 70, nom. illeg. – Senecio petraeus (R.E.Fr.) H.Jacobsen, Handb. Succ. Pl., 2, (1954) 1034. Native to Kenya and Tanzania, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

LACTUCA L.

  1. Lactuca sativa, Sp. Pl., (1753) 795; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 436; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). – Lactuca capitata (L.) Cuvier, Mém. Soc. Émul. Abbeville, 1833, (1833) 410. – Lactuca capitata DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 138. – Lactuca crispa (L.) Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht., (1787) 24. – Lactuca esculenta Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 180. – Lactuca laciniata Roth, Catal. Bot., 1, (1797) 96. – Lactuca palmata Willd., Phytographia, 1, (1794) 10. – Lactuca romana (Gaudin) Cuvier, Mém. Soc. Émul. Abbeville, 1833, (1833) 410. – Lactuca sativa var. acephala Lej., A.L.S.Lejeune & R.J.Courtois, Comp. Fl. Belg., 3, (1836) 95. – Lactuca sativa var. angustana Irish, L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2, (1900) 867. – Lactuca sativa var. asparagina L.H.Bailey, Gentes Herbarum, 2, (1930) 166, nom. superfl. – Lactuca sativa convar. asparagina Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., 28, (1993) 107. – Lactuca sativa subsp. capitata (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens, Fl. Würtemberg, (1834) 512. – Lactuca sativa var. capitata L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 795. – Lactuca sativa var. crispa L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 795. – Lactuca sativa subsp. crispa (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens, Fl. Würtemberg, (1834) 513. – Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Gaudin, Fl. Helv., 5, (1829) 35. – Lactuca sativa subsp. minii Hadidi, Followers of Horus, (1992) 325. – Lactuca sativa var. patula Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med., 4, (1812) 120, not validly publ. – Lactuca sativa var. planifolia Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med., 4, (1812) 120. – Lactuca sativa subsp. romana (Gaudin) Spielm. ex Schübl. & G.Martens, Fl. Würtemberg, (1834) 512. – Lactuca sativa var. romana Gaudin, Fl. Helv., 5, (1829) 35. – Lactuca sativa var. spinosa Lej., A.L.S.Lejeune & R.J.Courtois, Comp. Fl. Belg., 3, (1836) 95. – Lactuca sativa var. yemensis X.S.Shen & Run L.Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin, 18, (1998) 32. – Lactuca scariola subsp. sativa (L.) Bonnier & Layens, Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France, (1894) 187, nom. illeg. – Lactuca scariola var. sativa (L.) Moris, Fl. Sardoa, 2, (1843) 531. Native to western Asia, cultivated around the world. Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara.

 

 

LAGENOPHORA Cass.

  1. Lagenophora stipitata (Labill.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4 (Suppl. 2), (1916 publ. 1917) 630; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Bellis stipitata Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl., 2, (1806) 55. – Calendula stipitata (Labill.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 624. – Lagenifera stipitata (Labill.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4 (Suppl. 2), (1916 publ. 1917); Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 381. – Lagenophora billardierei Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 25, (1822) 111, nom. superfl. – Lagenophora billardierei var. media DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 307, not validly publ. – Lagenophora billardierei var. microcephala Benth., Fl. Austral., 3, (1867) 507. – Lagenophora billardierei var. normalis Benth., Fl. Austral., 3, (1867) 507, not validly publ. – Lagenophora billardierei var. pusilla DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 307. – Lagenophora stipitata var. microcephala (Benth.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1930) 1207. – Lagenophora stipitata var. normalis (Benth.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1930) 1207, not validly publ. Native to Australia and New Zealand, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Papua.

 

LEONTODON L.

  1. Leontodon incanus (L.) Schrank, Baier. Reise, (1786) 14; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Apargia incana (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2, (1771) 114. – Hieracium incanum L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 799. – Leontodon alpinus Vill., Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné, (1779) 34, nom. illeg. – Leontodon glabrescens Fritsch, Excursionsfl. Oesterreich, (1922) 600. – Leontodon protheiformis subsp. incanus (L.) R.C.V.Douin, G.E.M.Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France, 6, (1923) 68. – Leontodon spatulifolius Schloss. & Vuk., Syll. Fl. Croat.: 59 (1774) 59. – Virea incana (L.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 429. Native to Europe, introduced to Indonesia. Kalimantan.
  2. Leontodon saxatilis , Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 115; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Colobium hispidum Roth, Arch. Bot. (Leipzig), 1, 1, (1796), 38nom. superfl. – Leontodon crispus subsp. saxatilis (Lam.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 468. – Thrincia saxatilis (Lam.) Holub & Moravec, Preslia, 24, (1952) 75. JAVA.

 

 

LEONTOPODIUM R.Br. ex Cass.

  1. Leontopodium nivale (Ten.) A.Huet ex Hand.-Mazz., Beih. Bot. Centralbl., 44, 2, (1927) 137; POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium nivale Ten., Fl. Napol. 1 (Prodr.), (1812) XLVIII. – Leontopodium alpinum subsp. nivale (Ten.) Tutin, Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 67, (1973) 283, nom. superfl. – Leontopodium alpinum var. nivale (Ten.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 276, nom. superfl. Native to Europe.

 

 

LEPIDAPLOA (Cass.) Cass.

  1. Lepidaploa gracilis (Kunth) H. Rob., Biol. Soc. Washington, 103, (1990) 488; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia gracilis (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 970. – Piptocarpha gracilis Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl., (1920) 146. – Vernonia cotoneaster var. angustifolia Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 19, (1894) 44. – Vernonia cotoneaster var. pungens Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 28, (1901) 559. – Vernonia elongata Willd. ex Less., Linnaea, 4, (1829) 302. – Vernonia gracilis Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 27. – Vernonia gracilis subsp. tomentosa Ekman, Ark. Bot., 13, 15, (1914) 25. – Vernonia sessiliflora Willd. ex Less., Linnaea, 4, (1829) 309. Native to tropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

 

LEUCANTHEMELLA Tzvelev

  1. Leucanthemella serotina (L.) Tzvelev, V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS, 26, (1961) 139; POWO (2024). – Chrysanthemum serotinum L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 888; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 420. – Chrysanthemum uliginosum (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Pers., Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 460. – Decaneurum serotinum (L.) Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 45. – Leucanthemum serotinum (L.) Stankov, Opred. Vyssh. Rast. Evr. Chasti SSSR, (1949) 630. – Matricaria serotina (L.) Desr., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 3, (1792) 730. – Pyrethrum serotinum (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2151. – Pyrethrum uliginosum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2152. – Tanacetum serotinum (L.) Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 35. – Tanacetum serotinum (L.) Simonk., Enum. Fl. Transsilv., (1887) 312. Native to East Europe, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

LEUCANTHEMUM Mill.

  1. Leucanthemum heterophyllum (Willd.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 47; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Chrysanthemum auriculatum Peterm., Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg, 1844, (1844) 470. – Chrysanthemum heterophyllum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2142. – Chrysanthemum lanceolatum var. heterophyllum (Willd.) Pers., Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 460. – Chrysanthemum leucanthemum subsp. montanum (L.) Gaudin, Fl. Helv., 5, (1829) 342. – Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. auriculatum (Peterm.) Briq., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève, 3, (1899) 120. – Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. heterophyllum (Willd.) Fiori, A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia, 3, (1903) 24. – Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. montanum (L.) Heer, Mitth. Geb. Theor. Erdk., 1, (1836) 436. – Chrysanthemum montanum L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 888. – Chrysanthemum montanum var. heterophyllum (Willd.) W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., (1837) 378. – Leucanthemum affine Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879), 371, nom. illeg. – Leucanthemum atratum Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 371. – Leucanthemum atratum var. heterophyllum (Willd.) Rouy, G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France, 8, (1903) 269. – Leucanthemum auriculatum (Peterm.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 371. – Leucanthemum canescens Pourr. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 370. – Leucanthemum commutatum Timb.-Lagr. & Martrin-Donos, Pl. Crit. Tarn, (1862) 29. – Leucanthemum discoideum Bourg. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 370. – Leucanthemum lanceolatum Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879), 371, not validly publ. – Leucanthemum montanum (L.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 48. – Leucanthemum suffruticulosum Timb.-Lagr., Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 2, (1874) 69. – Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. heterophyllum (Willd.) Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France, 5, (1922) 95. – Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. montanum (L.) Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France, 5, (1922), 95, nom. illeg. – Matricaria heterophylla (Willd.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 3, (1814) 600. – Matricaria montana (L.) Desr., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 3, (1792) 732. – Phalacrodiscus montanus (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 254. – Pontia heterophylla (Willd.) Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 224. – Pontia montana (L.) Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 224. – Pyrethrum heterophyllum (Willd.) Baumg. ex Fuss in Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt, 10, (1859) 104. – Pyrethrum montanum (L.) Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan., 2, (1865) 89. – Tanacetum montanum (L.) Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 35. Native to Europe, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  2. Leucanthemum vulgare, Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 137; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; POWO (2024). – Chamaemelum leucanthemum (L.) E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2., 13, (1905) 210. – Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 888; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 420. – Chrysanthemum vulgare (Lam.) Gaterau, Descr. Pl. Montauban, (1789) 149, nom. superfl. – Leucanthemum leucanthemum (L.) Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34, 3, (1916) 235, not validly publ. – Matricaria leucanthemum (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2, (1771) 147. – Pontia vulgaris (Lam.) Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 221, nom. superfl. – Pyrethrum leucanthemum (L.) Franch., Fl. Loir-et-Cher, (1885) 307. – Tanacetum leucanthemum (L.) Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 35. native from Europe to Russian Far East, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java.

 

LIPOBLEPHARIS Orchard.

  1. Lipoblepharis stenophylla (Merr.) Orchard, Nuytsia, 23, (2013) 452; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Wedelia stenophylla Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 30, (1926) 429. Native to Phillipines, introduced to Indonesia. Sulawesi.

 

LIPOTRICHE R.Br.

  1. Lipotriche scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Orchard, Nuytsia, 23, (2013) 384; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Amellus scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 306. – Buphthalmum scandens Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl., (1827) 392. – Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Brenan, Mem. New York Bot. Gard., 8, (1954) 480. Native from tropical Africa, South Africa, and Madagascar.

 

 

MATRICARIA L.

  1. Matricaria chamomilla, Sp. Pl., (1753) 891; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 418; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Anthemis vulgaris L. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., 1, (1821) 53. – Camomilla deflexa Gilib., Exerc. Phyt., 1, (1792) 179, opus utique oppr. – Camomilla patens Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782) 220, opus utique oppr. – Chamaemelum chamomilla (L.) E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2., 13, (1905) 200. – Chamaemelum suaveolens E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2., 13, (1905) 201. – Chamaemelum vulgare Bubani, P.Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 225. – Chamomilla chamomilla (L.) Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34, 3, (1916) 231, not validly publ. – Chamomilla courrantiana (DC.) C.Koch, Linnaea, 24, (1851) 338. – Chamomilla meridionalis K.Koch, Linnaea, 17, (1843) 45. – Chamomilla officinalis K.Koch, Linnaea, 24, (1851) 338, nom. superfl. – Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., 9, (1974) 254. – Chamomilla recutita var. bayeri (Kanitz) Dostál, Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot., 21, (1984) 13. – Chamomilla unilateralis K.Koch, Linnaea, 24, (1851) 338. – Chamomilla vulgaris Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 454. – Chrysanthemum chamomilla (L.) Bernh., Syst. Verz. Erf., (1800) 145. – Chrysanthemum suaveolens Cav., Elench. Pl. Horti Matr., (1803) 10. – Courrantia chamomilloides Sch.Bip., P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3 (2; 2), (1844) 278, nom. superfl. – Leucanthemum chamaemelum Lam., Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 139. – Matricaria bayeri Kanitz, Magyar Tud. Értek., 1862, 4, (1862) 321. – Matricaria capitellata Batt. & Pit., C.J.M.Pitard, Contr. Fl. Maroc, mimeographed ed., (1918) 20. – Matricaria chamaemilla Hill, Veg. Syst., 2, (1761) 98, orth. var. – Matricaria chamomilla var. coronata Boiss., Voy. Bot. Espagne, 2, (1840) 316. – Matricaria chamomilla f. courrantiana (DC.) Fiori, A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia, 3, (1903) 236. – Matricaria chamomilla var. courrantiana (DC.) G.Nicholson, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1890 (App. 1), (1890) 18. – Matricaria chamomilla subsp. courrantiana (DC.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 375. – Matricaria chamomilla f. kochiana (Sch.Bip.) Fiori, A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia, 3, (1903) 236. – Matricaria chamomilla var. pappulosa Margot & Reut., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève, 9, (1840) 96. – Matricaria chamomilla subsp. pusilla (Willd.) Holmboe, Stud. Veg. Cyprus, (1914) 182. – Matricaria chamomilla var. pusilla (Willd.) Fiori, Nouv. Fl. Italia, 2, (1927) 620. – Matricaria chamomilla var. recutita (L.) Fiori, Nuov. Fl. Italia, 2, (1927) 620. – Matricaria chamomilla var. suaveolens Wahlenb., Fl. Upsal., (1820) 279. – Matricaria chamomilla f. suaveolens Fiori, A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3, (1903) 236. – Matricaria chamomilla var. tenuis Iverus, Bot. Not., 1875, (1875) 81. – Matricaria coronata (J.Gay ex Boiss.) W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, (1843) 416. – Matricaria courrantiana DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 52. – Matricaria deflexa Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782) 221, opus utique oppr. – Matricaria exigua Tuntas, I.von Heldreich, Sched. Herb. Fl. Norm., 1901, (1901) n. 1642. – Matricaria kochiana Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 26. – Matricaria littoralis Rouy, G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France, 8, (1903) 257, pro syn. – Matricaria obliqua Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées, (1867) 505. – Matricaria patens Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782) 220, opus utique oppr. – Matricaria pusilla Willd., Enum. Pl., (1809) 907. – Matricaria pyrethroides DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 52. – Matricaria recutita L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 891. – Matricaria recutita var. coronata (Boiss.) Fertig, Fl. Palaestina, 3, (1978) 344. – Matricaria recutita var. kochiana (Sch.Bip.) Greuter, Candollea, 31, (1976) 227. – Matricaria recutita f. kochiana (Sch.Bip.) Fiori, A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia, 3, (1903) 236. – Matricaria recutita var. pappulosa (Margot & Reut.) Feinbrun, Israel J. Bot., 25, (1976) 82. – Matricaria salina Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv., (1866) 336. – Matricaria suaveolens L., Fl. Suec., ed. 2, (1755) 297, nom. superfl. – Matricaria suaveolens f. macrocephala Probst & Thell., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich, 64, (1919) 807. – Matricaria tenuifolia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 203. – Matricaria tenuifolia f. nikolicii Gajić, Glasn. Prir. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke, 28, (1973) 23. – Pyrethrum hispanicum Salzm. ex Boiss., Voy. Bot. Espagne, 2, (1840) 316. Native from Eurasia to Indo-China, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

 

MELAMPODIUM L.

  1. Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 520; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 398; POWO (2024). – Alcina minor Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 59, (1829) 243. – Alcina ovalifolia Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl., (1816) 32. – Alcina ovatifolia J.Jacq., Ecl. Pl. Rar., (1815) t. 78. – Dysodium divaricatum Rich., C.H.Persoon, Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 489. – Dysodium radiatum Desf., Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3, (1829) 182. – Eleutheranthera divaricata (Rich.) Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 1, (1895) 53. – Melampodium berteroanum Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 619. – Melampodium copiosum Klatt, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8, (1886) 41. – Melampodium flaccidum (Benth.) Benth., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, 1852, (1853) 86. – Melampodium ovatifolium Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Exot., 1, (1824) t. 42. – Melampodium paludosum Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 215. – Melampodium panamense Klatt, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8, (1886) 42. – Melampodium pumilum Benth., Pl. Hartw., (1840) 64. – Melampodium rhombifolium Sessé & Moc., Naturaleza (Mexico City), ser. 2, 1 (App.), (1890) 149. – Melampodium rhombifolium Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., 195, (1894) line 33. – Melampodium tenellum var. flaccidum Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur, (1845) 115. – Spilanthes guatemalensis Vatke, Enum. Pl. Guatem., 1, (1889) 23. – Wedelia minor Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn., 2, (1815) 855. – Wedelia ovatifolia Willd., Enum. Pl., Suppl. 61 (1814). – Zarabellia rhomboidea Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 59, (1829) 240. Native from Mexico to Brazil, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  2. Melampodium perfoliatum (Cav.) Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 215; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 398; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Alcina perfoliata Cav., Icon., 1, (1791) 11. – Camutia perfoliata (Cav.) Bonat. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 273. – Melampodium connatum DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 521. – Polymnia perfoliata (Cav.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 5, (1804) 506. – Polymnia revoluta Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 377. – Wedelia perfoliata (Cav.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2335. Native from Mexico to Central America, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

NOTO

MICROPSIS DC.

  1. Micropsis spathulata (Pers.) Cabrera, Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot., 9, (1944) 254; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Evax spathulata Pers., Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 422 –Gnaphalium bracteatum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803), 1892, nom. illeg. – Gnaphalium involucratum Lam., Encycl., 2, (1788), 761, nom. illeg. – Gnaphalium lamarckii F.Dietr., Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn., 4, (1835) 196. – Micropsis herteri Beauverd, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 5, (1913) 222. – Micropsis involucrata Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 32, (1932) 429. Native from Uruguay to Argentina, introduced to Indonesia. Java, Sulawesi, Papua.

 

MIKANIA Willd.

  1. Mikania micrantha Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 105; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 25, (2005) 68; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Nisyawati & Mustaqim, A Guide to the Urban Plants of Universitas Indonesia: Spermatophytes (2017) 149; Saleh & Hartana, Media Konservasi 22, 3, (2017) 291: Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Eupatorium denticulatum Vahl, Symb. Bot., 3, (1794) 93. – Eupatorium orinocense (Kunth) M.Gómez, Dicc. Bot. Nom. Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riquenos, (1889) 55. – Eupatorium orinocense var. batatifolium M.Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 19, (1890) 269. – Eupatorium orinocense var. tamoides M.Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 19, (1890) 269. – Mikania cordata var. indica Kitam., Fl. E. Himal., (1966) 241. – Mikania deltoides Poepp. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 423. – Mikania denticulata (Vahl) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1744. – Mikania glechomifolia Sch.Bip. ex Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1876) 249. – Mikania micrantha var. cynanchifolia B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb., 64, (1922) 67. – Mikania micrantha f. hirsuta B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb., 64, (1922) 43. – Mikania micrantha f. typica B.L.Rob., Contr. Gray Herb., 64, (1922) 42, not validly publ. – Mikania orinocensis Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 105. – Mikania scandens var. hirsuta Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 19, (1894) 47. – Mikania scandens var. subcymosa (Gardner) Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1876) 249. – Mikania scandens var. umbellifera (Gardner) Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 2, (1876) 249. – Mikania scandens var. villosa Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 36, (1905) 473. – Mikania sinuata Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., 8, (1912) 127. – Mikania subcrenata Hook. & Arn., Compan. Bot. Mag., 1, (1836) 243. – Mikania subcymosa Gardner, London J. Bot., 6, (1847) 448. – Mikania tamoides DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 197. – Mikania umbellifera Gardner, London J. Bot., 4, (1845) 119. – Mikania variabilis Meyen & Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1), (1843) 257. – Willoughbya heterophylla Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., 1170, (1903) 1338. – Willoughbya micrantha Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 4, (1895) 211. – Willoughbya scandens var. orinocensis (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 372. – Willoughbya variabilis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 373. Native to tropical and subtropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Papua.
  2. Mikania scandens (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1743; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); POWO (2024). – Eupatorium scandens L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 836. – Mikania angulosa Raf., Fl. Ludov., (1817) 62. – Mikania batataefolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 197. – Mikania menispermea DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 200. – Mikania pubescens Muhl., Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept., (1813) 71. – Mikania scandens subvar. mollis Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3, (1903) 712. – Mikania scandens f. pubescens (Muhl.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 449. – Willoughbya scandens Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 371. – Willoughbya scandens var. normalis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 372, not validly publ. Native from central and easterm USA to Mexico, introduced to Indonesia. Kalimantan.

 

 

MONOSIS DC.

  1. Monosis conferta (Benth.) C.Jeffrey, Mansfeld’s Encycl., 4, (2001) 2048; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia conferta (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 969 –Vernonia arborea Welw. ex O.Hoffm., Bol. Soc. Brot., 10, (1892), 172, nom. illeg. – Vernonia conferta Benth., Niger Fl., (1849) 427. Native western tropical Africa, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.

 

MONTANOA Cerv.

  1. Montanoa grandiflora, Prodr., 5, (1836) 565; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 402; POWO (2024). – Eriocoma grandiflora Alamán ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 565, not validly publ. – Eriocoma hartwegiana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 336. – Priestleya longifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 565, not validly publ. Native from Mexico, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  2. Montanoa hibiscifolia, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, 1852, (1853) 89; Mutaqien et al., Seminar Nasional HUT UPT BKT Kebun Raya Cibodas Konservasi Tumbuhan Tropika: Kondisi Terkini dan Tantangan ke Depan (2011) 552; POWO (2024). – Eriocoma hibiscifolia (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 336. – Montanoa pittieri B.L.Rob. & Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 34, (1899) 517. – Montanoa samalensis J.M.Coult., Bot. Gaz., 20, (1895) 49. – Montanoa wercklei A.Berger, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 50, (1911) 122. Native from Mexico to Central America, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

MYRIACTIS Less.

  1.  Myriactis wallichii, Linnaea, 6, (1831) 129; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Balsamita dentata Wall., Numer. List, (1829), n. 326, not validly publ. – Botryadenia gmelinii Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus), 2, (1836) 30. – Myriactis gmelinii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 309. – Scabiosa mairei H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 12, (1913) 535. – Trochocephalus mairei (H.Lév.) Á.Löve & D.Löve, Preslia, 46, (1974) 134. Native from Iran to Central Asia and China, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi.

 

 

NANNOGLOTTIS Maxim.

  1. Nannoglottis gynura (C.Winkl.) Y.Ling & Y.L.Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin., 10, (1965) 97; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Nannoglottis souliei (Franch.) Y.Ling & Y.L.Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin., 10, (1965) 98. – Senecio gynura C.Winkl., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, 14, (1895) 157. – Stereosanthus gynura (C.Winkl.) Hand.-Mazz., Acta Horti Gothob., 12, (1937-1938 publ. 1938) 284. – Stereosanthus hieraciifolius Diels, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih., 12, (1922) 507. – Stereosanthus souliei Franch., J. Bot. (Morot), 10, (1896) 385. Native from Himalaya to China, introduced to Indonesia. Sulawesi.

 

NOTOSERIS C.Shih

  1. Notoseris scandens (Hook.f. ex Benth. & Hook.f.) N.Kilian, China 20-21, (2011) 231; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Prenanthes scandens Hook.f. ex Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl., 2, (1873) 527; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84. Native from Himalaya to southern China, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Sulawesi.

 

OLEARIA Moench

  1. Olearia viscidula (F.Muell.) Benth., Fl. Austral., 3, (1867) 474; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Australia, introduced to Indonesia. Papua.

 

OSTEOSPERMUM L.

  1. Osteospermum moniliferum, Sp. Pl., (1753) 923; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl., Stud. Calenduleae, 1, (1943) 374. Native to tropical to southern Africa.

 

 

PHAGNALON Cass.

  1. Phagnalon saxatile (L.) Cass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1819, (1819) 174; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza intermedia Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl., (1816) 28. – Conyza saxatilis (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1206. – Gnaphalium saxatile L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 857. – Gnaphalium uniflorum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8., (1768) n. 3. – Gnaphalon saxatile (L.) Lowe, Man. Fl. Madeira, 1, (1868) 438. – Phagnalon bennettii Lowe ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 397. – Phagnalon intermedium (Lag.) Pau, Cavanillesia, 4, (1931) 51. – Phagnalon lagascae Cass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1819, (1819), 174, nom. superfl. – Phagnalon lepidotum Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl., (1874) 34. – Phagnalon lowei DC. ex Lowe, Man. Fl. Madeira, 1, (1868), 443, not validly publ. – Phagnalon methanaeum Hausskn., Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena, 5, (1887) 85. – Phagnalon saxatile subsp. intermedium (Lag.) Rivas Mart., Itinera Geobot., 15, (2002) 705. – Phagnalon saxatile var. lagascae (Cass.) P.Fourn., Quatre Fl. France, (1939) 949. – Phagnalon saxatile proles lagascae (Cass.) Rouy, G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France, 8, (1903) 164. – Phagnalon saxatile var. viride (R.Uechtr.) Font Quer, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 20, (1920) 148. – Phagnalon subdentatum Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 39, (1826) 400. – Phagnalon viride R.Uechtr., Oesterr. Bot. Z., 24, (1874) 134. Native from Macaronesia to Meditteranean, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  2. Phagnalon sordidum (L.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs., 1, (1831) 224; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Baccharis sordida (L.) Desf., Tabl. École Bot., (1804) 97. – Conyza sordida L., Mant. Pl., 2, (1771) 466. Native to Meditteranean.

 

PLECTOCEPHALUS D.Don

  1. Plectocephalus americanus (Nutt) D.Don., R.Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard,. 4, (1830) t. 51. – Centaurea americana L., Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 431, nom.illeg. – Centaurea americana Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 2, (1821) 117. – Centaurea caroliniana Walter, Fl. Carol., (1788) 214. – Centaurea grandiflora Moc. & Sessé ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 575. – Centaurea mexicana DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 575. – Centaurea nuttallii Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 4, 2, (1827) 298. Native from USA to Mexico, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

 

PODACHAENIUM Benth.

  1. Podachaenium eminens (Lag.) Sch.Bip., Flora, 44, (1861) 557; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 409; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Cosmophyllum cacaliifolium K.Koch, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis), 1854, (1854) 12. – Dicalymma fragrans Lem., Ill. Hort. 2 (Misc.), (1855) 37. – Ferdinanda eminens Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl., (1816) 31. – Podachaenium andinum André, Rev. Hort. (Paris), 64, (1892) 414. – Podachaenium paniculatum Benth., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, 1852, (1853) 99. – Zaluzania eminens F.T.Hubb., L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort., 4, (1916) 2724, pro syn. Native from Mexico to Colombia, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

POROPHYLLUM Guett.

  1. Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 43, (1826) 56; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 416; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 83; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL 2015, 1, 1, (2015) 262; Novianti et al., J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage., 4, 4, (2017) 934; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Cacalia ruderalis (Jacq.) Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. (1788) 110. – Kleinia ruderalis Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl., 8, (1760) 28. – Porophyllum ellipticum var. ruderale (Jacq.) Urb. Symb. Antill., 1, (1899) 468

 

PRAXELIS Cass.

  1. Praxelis clematidea (Hieron. ex Kuntze) R.M.King & H.Rob., Phytologia, 20, (1970) 194; Tjitrosoedirjo & Wayhuni, Proceeding: Seminar Nasional Himpunan Ilmu Gulma Indonesia, 10, (2020) 214; POWO (2024). – Chrysocoma pauciflora Vell., Fl. Flumin., (1829) 325. – Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp, Gard. Bull. Singapore, 51, (1999) 121. – Eupatorium clematideum Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 24, (1879) 172, nom. illeg. – Eupatorium urticifolium f. congestum Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1, (1901) 412. – Eupatorium urticifolium var. clematideum Hieron. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 3, 3, (1898) 148. – Eupatorium urticifolium var. nanum Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22, (1897) 783. Native to South America, introduced to Indonesia. Java, Papua.

 

PSEUDELEPHANTOPUS Rohr

  1. Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F.Baker, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 12, 5, (1902) 55; Kost, Blumea, 1, (1935) 465; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 375; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Ageratum quadriflorum Blanco, Fl. Filip., (1837) 624. – Distreptus replicatus Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 60, (1830) 601. – Distreptus spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 13, (1819) 367. – Distreptus spicatus var. interruptus Ram.Goyena, Fl. Nicarag., 2, (1911) 448. – Distreptus spicatus var. nicaraguensis Ram.Goyena, Fl. Nicarag., 2, (1911) 488. – Elephantopus colimensis Sessé & Moc., Naturaleza (Mexico City), ser. 2, 1 (App.), (1890) 150. – Elephantopus dubius Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2., (1845) 442. – Elephantopus glaber Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., (1894) 197. – Elephantopus littoralis Sessé & Moc., Naturaleza (Mexico City), ser. 2, 1 (App.), (1890) 150. – Elephantopus spicatus Juss. ex Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane, 2, (1775) 808. – Elephantopus spicatus var. densiflorus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 335. – Elephantopus spicatus var. flavidus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 335. – Elephantopus spicatus var. laxiflorus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 335. – Elephantopus spicatus var. lilacinus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 335. – Elephantopus spicatus var. roseus Klatt, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique, 35, (1896) 279. – Elephantopus strigosus Willd. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 87. – Matamoria spicata La Llave, P.de La Llave & J.M.de Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr., 1, (1824) 8. Native from Mexico to tropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Java, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku.

 

PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM Kirp.

  1. Pseudognaphalium affine (D.Don) Anderb., Opera Bot., 104, (1991) 146; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Anaphalis subdecurrens var. lutea Alston, H.Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6 (Suppl.), (1931) 164. – Gnaphalium affine D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., (1825) 173. – Gnaphalium arenarium Thunb., Fl. Jap., (1784), 312, nom. illeg. – Gnaphalium confusum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 222. – Gnaphalium javanicum Reinw. ex Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 899. – Gnaphalium luteoalbum subsp. affine (D.Don) J. Kost., Blumea, 4, (1941) 484. – Gnaphalium luteoalbum var. affine (D.Don) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 340. – Gnaphalium luteoalbum var. multiceps (Wall. ex DC.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 3, (1881) 283. – Gnaphalium multiceps Wall. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 222. – Gnaphalium ramigerum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 222. – Gnaphalium roxburghianum Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.,1 (1845) 421. – Helichrysum affine (D.Don) Loudon, Hort. Brit., Suppl. 2, (1839), 640, nom. illeg. – Helichrysum griffithii Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 6, (1859) 104. – Laphangium affine (D.Don) Tzvelev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., 98, 6, (1994) 105. – Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum subsp. affine (D.Don) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 82, (1981) 206. Native from Caucasus to Temperate Asia and Indochina, introduced to Indonesia. Java, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara.
  2. Pseudognaphalium pratense (Phil.) Anderb., Opera Bot., 104, (1991) 147; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Gnaphalium longifolium Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 13 (1895), 13, nom. illeg. – Gnaphalium pratense Phil., Linnaea, 33, (1864) 166. native from Chile to Argentina, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi.

 

PSEUDOGYNOXYS (Greenm.) Cabrera

  1. Pseudogynoxys benthamii Cabrera, Brittonia, 7, (1950) 56; POWO (2024). – Pseudogynoxys cabrerae H.Rob. & Cuatrec., Phytologia, 36, (1977) 182; Irsyam et al., Biotika 8, 1, (2020a) 4. Native to tropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

PSEUDOPODOSPERMUM (Lipsch. & Krasch.) Kuth.

  1. Pseudopodospermum hispanicum (L.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, PhytoKeys, 137, (2020) 68; POWO (2024). – Myscolus hispanicus (L.) Endl., Cat. Hort. Vindob., 1, (1842) 410. – Scorzonera hispanica L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 791; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 434. – Scorzonera hispanica var. genuina Pau, Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat., 22, (1923) 92. Native from Europe to northern Africa.

 

PTEROCAULON Elliott

  1. Pterocaulon serrulatum Guillaumin, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 84, (1937) 56; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Australia.

 

RATIBIDA Raf.

  1. Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton & Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 19, (1915) 706; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 404; POWO (2024). – Lepachys columnaris (Sims) Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer., 2, (1842) 315. – Lepachys columnifera (Nutt.) J.F.Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb., 65, (1922) 45. – Lepachys columnifera var. pulcherrima (DC.) Rydb., Fl. Plains N. Amer., (1932) 838. – Lepachys columnifera f. pulcherrima (DC.) Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11, (1936) 274. – Obeliscaria columnaris DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 559. – Obeliscaria drummondii (Paxton) Graham, Botanist, 5, (1841) t. 201. – Obeliscaria pulcherrima DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 559. – Ratibida columnaris Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev., 2, (1818) 268. – Ratibida columnaris f. denudata B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad., 87, (1960) 46. – Ratibida columnaris f. pulcherrima W.M.Sharp, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 22, (1935) 70. – Ratibida columnaris var. pulcherrima (DC.) D.Don, R.Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., 7, (1838) t. 361. – Ratibida columnifera var. appendiculata Cockerell, J. Heredity, 7, (1916) 428. – Ratibida columnifera var. breviradiata Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 49, (1915) 620. – Ratibida columnifera f. denudata (B.Boivin) B.Boivin, Phytologia, 23, (1972) 70. – Ratibida columnifera var. incisa Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 49, (1915) 620. – Ratibida columnifera var. pulcherrima (DC.) D.J.N.Hind, Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.), 23, (2006) 271. – Ratibida columnifera f. pulcherrima (DC.) Fernald, Rhodora, 40, (1938) 353. – Ratibida columnifera var. tubularis Cockerell, Amer. Naturalist, 49, (1915) 620. – Ratibida pulcherrima Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 439. – Ratibida sulcata Raf., J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts, 89, (1819) 100. – Rudbeckia columnaris Sims, Bot. Mag., 39, (1813) t. 1601. – Rudbeckia columnaris var. pulcherrima (DC.) Rothr., Rep. U.S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6 (Botany), (1878 publ. 1879) 160. – Rudbeckia columnifera Nutt., J.Fraser, Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana, (1813) n. 75. – Rudbeckia drummondii Paxton, Paxton’s Mag. Bot., 6, (1839) 51. Native from Canada to Mexico, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

 

RHODANTHE Lindl.

  1. Rhodanthe chlorocephala (Turcz.) Paul G.Wilson, Nuytsia, 8, (1992) 386; POWO (2024). – Argyrocome chlorocephala (Turcz.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 309. – Helipterum chlorocephalum (Turcz.) Benth., Fl. Austral., 3, (1867) 641. – Roccardia chlorocephala (Turcz.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 530. – Schoenia chlorocephala Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 24 (I), (1851) 193. Native to Western Australia, Introduced to Malesia.
  1. Rhodanthe manglesii, Edwards’s Bot. Reg., 20, (1834) t. 1703; POWO (2024). – Argyrocome manglesii Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 309. – Helichrysum manglesii Baill., Hist. Pl., 8, (1882) 314. – Helipterum cryptanthum O.H.Sarg., J. Bot., 61, (1923) 285. – Helipterum manglesii F.Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austral., 3, (1867) 640; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 395. – Helipterum manglesii var. maculatum (J.Drumm.) L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort., 2, (1900) 726. – Rhodanthe atrosanguinea J.Drumm., Gard. Chron., 1861, (1861) 622. – Rhodanthe immaculata E.Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre, éd. 3, (1870) 967. – Rhodanthe maculata J.Drumm., Gard. Chron., 1861, (1861) 622. – Rhodanthe maculata alba Blandy, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1861) 618. – Rhodanthe manglesii var. alba Van Houtte, Gartenflora, 12, (1863) 306. – Rhodanthe manglesii var. maculata (J.Drumm.) Hook., Bot. Mag., 88, (1862) t. 5290. – Rhodanthe manglesii var. sanguinea Hook., Bot. Mag., 87, (1861) t. 5283. – Rhodanthe manglesii var. typica Van Houtte, Gartenflora, 12, (1863) 306, not validly publ. – Roccardia manglesii (Lindl.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 531. – Roccardia manglesii f. alba Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 531. Native to Western Australia, Introduced to Malesia. Java.

 

ROLANDRA Rottb.

  1. Rolandra fruticosa (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 360; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 375; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Echinops fruticosus L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 815. – Echinops nodiflorus Lam., Encycl., 2, (1786) 337. – Rolandra argentea Rottb., Soc. Med. Havn. Collect., 2, (1775) 258. – Rolandra diacantha Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 46, (1827) 170. – Rolandra monacantha Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 46, (1827) 171. Native to tropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

ROLDANA La Llave

  1. Roldana petasitis (Sims) H.Rob. & Brettell, Phytologia, 27, (1974) 423; POWO (2024). – Cineraria petasitis Sims, Bot. Mag., 37, (1813) t. 1536. – Cineraria platanifolia Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac., (1821) t. 95. – Senecio petasitis DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 431; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 427. Native to eastern Mexico, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

RUDBECKIA L.

  1. Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk., 2, 2, (1793) 29; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 403; POWO (2024). – Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 226. – Rudbeckia heterophylla Schur, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 8 (Sitzb.), (1858) P 118. – Rudbeckia oppositifolia E.Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre, (1863) 743. – Rudbeckia perfoliata Cav., Icon., 3, (1795) 27. – Rudbeckia spathulata Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl., 2, (1818) 178. Native to central and south eastern USA, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  2. Rudbeckia hirta, Sp. Pl., (1753) 907; POWO (2024). – Centrocarpha hirta (L.) Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., 4, (1831) index. – Coreopsis hirta (L.) Hook. ex Prestoe, Proc. Sci. Assoc. Trinidad, 6, (1869) 295. – Helianthus hirtus (L.) E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2., 13, (1905) 166. – Peramibus hirtus (L.) Raf., Ann. Nat., 1, (1820) 15. Native from Canada to USA, introduced to Indonesia.
  1. Rudbeckia laciniata, Sp. Pl., (1753) 906; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 403; POWO (2024). – Helianthus laciniatus (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2., 13, (1905) 164, nom. illeg. – Tithonia laciniata (L.) Raeusch. in Nomencl. Bot. Pl. Illustr., ed. 3, (1797) 251. Native from Canada to USA, introduced to Indonesia.
  1. Rudbeckia speciosa , Index Seminum (MB, Marburgensis), 1828, (1828) 4; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 403; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Echinacea speciosa (Wender.) Paxton, Paxton’s Mag. Bot., 15, (1849) 79. – Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa (Wender.) Perdue, Rhodora, 59, (1958) 297. – Rudbeckia speciosa var. glabra N.Coleman, Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Pen. Michigan, (1874) 22. Native from Canada to USA, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java.

 

SANVITALIA Lam.

  1. Sanvitalia procumbens, J. Hist. Nat., 2, (1792) 178; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 400; POWO (2024). – Laurentia atropurpurea Steud., Nomencl. Bot., 1, (1821) 466, orth. var. – Lorentea atropurpurea Ortega, Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec., (1797) 42. – Sanvitalia acinifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 628. – Sanvitalia procumbens var. oblongifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 628. – Sanvitalia villosa Cav., Icon., 4, (1797) 31. – Zexmenia thysanocarpa Donn.Sm., Bot. Gaz., 61, (1916) 376. Native from Mexico to Guatemala, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

SENECIO L.

  1. Senecio bathurstianus (DC.) Sch.Bip., Flora, 28, (1845) 498; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Erechtites argutus var. bathurstianus (DC.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1930), 123, nom. superfl. – Erechtites argutus var. dissectus Benth., Fl. Austral., 3, (1867) 659. – Erechtites bathurstianus DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 297. – Senecio hispidulus var. dissectus (Benth.) Belcher, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 43, (1956) 69. Native to Australia, introduced to Indonesia. Nusa Tenggara.
  2. Senecio cymbalariifolius (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 391; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Brachyrhynchos cymbalariifolius var. flavus DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 438. – Brachyrhynchos cymbalariifolius var. purpureus DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 438. – Brachyrhynchos cymbalariifolius var. rotundifolius DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 438. – Cineraria pulchella E.Mey. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 438. – Cineraria sonchifolia (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1243. – Doria sonchifolia (L.) Thunb., Nov. Gen. Pl., 12, (1800) 167. – Othonna sonchifolia L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 924. – Senecio cymbalariifolius var. flavus (DC.) Harv., Fl. Cap., 3, (1865) 375. – Senecio cymbalariifolius var. purpureus (DC.) Harv., Fl. Cap., 3, (1865) 375. – Senecio cymbalariifolius var. rotundifolius (DC.) Harv., Fl. Cap., 3, (1865) 375. – Senecio sonchifolius (L.) J.C.Manning & Magoswana, Bothalia, 47, 1, -a2213, (2017), 4, nom. illeg. Native to South Africa, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  3. Senecio elegans, Sp. Pl., (1753) 869; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 427; POWO (2024). – Brachyscome carnosa (W.T.Aiton) M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra, 3A, (2001) 86. – Cacalia carnosa W.T.Aiton, Hort. Kew., 3, (1789) 156. – Jacobaea elegans Moench, Methodus, (1794) 586. – Kleinia carnosa (W.T.Aiton) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ., (1812) 315. – Senecio elegans var. diffusus Ewart, Fl. Victoria, (1931) 1173. – Senecio elegans var. erectus Ewart, Fl. Victoria, (1931) 1173. – Senecio pseudoelegans Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 391. Native to South Africa, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  4. Senecio × kleiniiformis, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 42, (1937) 45; POWO (2024). – Curio × kleiniiformis (Suess.) L.V.Ozerova & A.C.Timonin, Wulfenia, 24, (2017) 42; Irsyam & Irwanto, Jurnal Biodjati, 4, 2, (2019) 246, as Curio kleiniiformis. – Kleinia × cucullata Boom, Succulenta (Netherlands), 1956, (1956) 17. – Kleinia × kleiniiformis (Suess.) Boom, Succulenta (Netherlands), 1958, (1958) 12. – × Senecurio kleiniiformis (Suess.) Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo, Phytotaxa, 464, (2020) 185. Native to South Africa, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  5. Senecio lamarckianus Bullock, Kew Bull., 10, (1955) 370; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Conyza appendiculata Lam., Encycl., 2, (1786) 88. – Senecio appendiculatus DC non Poir., Prodr., 6, (1838) 376, nom. illeg.;, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 412. – Synarthrum appendiculatum (Lam.) Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 48, (1827) 455. Native to Mauritius, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Nusa Tenggara.
  6. Senecio macroglossus, Prodr., 6, (1838) 404; Irsyam & Irwanto, Jurnal Biodjati, 4, 2, (2019) 246; POWO (2024). Native to south eastern to southern Africa, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  7. Senecio minimus , J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 5, (1817) 130; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Erechtites minimus (Poir.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 437. – Erechtites minimus var. angustatus Allan, Fl. New Zealand, 1, (1961) 971. – Erechtites minimus var. heterophyllus Allan, Fl. New Zealand, 1, (1961) 730. – Senecio heterophyllus Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst., 27, (1894 publ. 1895), 389, nom. illeg. – Senecio muelleri Regel, Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus), 1863, (1863) 31. Native to Australia, introduced to Indonesia. Nusa Tenggara.
  8. Senecio quadridentatus, Nov. Holl. Pl., 2, (1806) 48; Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 3, (1834) 413; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Erechtites erectus F.Muell. ex Lange, Bot. Tidsskr., 8, (1874) 5. – Erechtites incanus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, 24 (II), (1851) 85. – Erechtites quadridentatus (Labill.) DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 295. – Neoceis tomentosa Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 48, (1827) 458, nom. provis. – Senecio incomptus Banks & Sol. ex Hook.f., Fl. Nov.-Zel., 1, (1852) 143. – Senecio tenuiflorus Sieber ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 296, not validly publ. – Senecio sumatranus Martelli, Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84. Native from Australia ands New Zealand, introduced to Indonesia. Java, Nusa Tenggara.
  9. Senecio tamoides, Prodr., 6, (1838) 403; Irsyam & Irwanto, Jurnal Biodjati, 4, 2, (2019) 246; POWO (2024). Native to south eastern to southern Africa, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  10. Senecio vulgaris, Sp. Pl., (1753) 867; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 426; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). Native from Macaronesia, Europe to China and Arabian Peninsula, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

 

SILYBUM Adans.

  1. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl., 2, (1791) 378; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 430; POWO (2024). – Carduus lactifolius Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med., 4, (1812) 141, nom. superfl. – Carduus mariae Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb., 1, (1766) 248. – Carduus marianus L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 823. – Carduus versicolor Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 185, nom. superfl. – Carthamus maculatus (Scop.) Lam., Encycl., 1, (1785) 638. – Centaurea dalmatica Fraas, Syn. Pl. Fl. Class., (1845) 204. – Cirsium maculatum Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2, (1771) 130. – Mariacantha maculosa Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 150. – Mariana lactea Hill, Herb. Brit., 1, (1769) 75, nom. superfl. – Mariana mariana Hill in Hort. Kew., (1768) 61. – Silybum intermedium Willk., Index Seminum (TU, Dorpatensis), 1869, (1869) 6. – Silybum leucanthum Jord. & Fourr., Brev. Pl. Nov., 2, (1868) 83. – Silybum maculatum (Scop.) Moench, Methodus, (1794) 555. – Silybum mariae (Crantz) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 436. – Silybum mariae var. unicolor Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 436. – Silybum marianum var. albiflorum Eig, Bull. Inst. Agric. Nat. Hist. Tel-Aviv, 6, (1927) 44. – Silybum marianum subsp. anatolicum Meriçli, Istanbul Üniv. Eczac. Fak. Mecm., 19, (1983) 60. – Silybum marianum var. longispinum Lamotte, Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr., 2, (1881) 424. – Silybum pygmaeum Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 50, (1827) 469. Native from Europe, Mediterranean, to Central Asia, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

SOLIDAGO L.

  1. Solidago canadensis, Sp. Pl., (1753) 878; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 380; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; POWO (2024). – Aster canadensis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 317. – Doria canadensis (L.) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5, (1917) 43. – Solidago glabra subsp. canadensis (L.) Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France, 5, (1922) 70, nom. illeg. Native from Subarctic America to Mexico, introduced worldwide.
  1. Solidago gigantea Aiton, Kew., 3, (1789) 211; POWO (2024). – Aster latissimifolius var. serotinus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 314. – Doria dumerorum (Lunell) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 5, (1917) 43. – Doria pitcheri (Nutt.) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 5, (1917) 43. – Solidago cleliae DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 331. – Solidago deflexa Moench, Methodus, (1794) 599. – Solidago dumetorum Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 2, (1911) 57. – Solidago fragrans A.Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer., 1, 2, (1884) 156. – Solidago gigantea var. leiophylla Fernald, Rhodora, 41, (1939) 457, nom. superfl.; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 380;. – Solidago gigantea var. pitcheri (Nutt.) Shinners, Rhodora, 55, (1953) 322. – Solidago gigantea var. serotina (Kuntze) Cronquist, Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W., 5, (1955) 306. – Solidago gigantea subsp. serotina (Kuntze) McNeill, Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 67, (1973) 280. – Solidago gigantea var. shinnersii Beaudry, Canad. J. Genet. Cytol., 5, (1963) 168. – Solidago glabra Desf., Tabl. École Bot., ed., 3, (1829) 402, nom. illeg. – Solidago pitcheri Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7, (1834) 101. – Solidago sera J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]., 2, 2, (1792) 1236. – Solidago serotina Aiton, Hort. Kew., 3, (1789) 211, nom. illeg. – Solidago serotina f. huntingdonensis Beaudry, Naturaliste Canad., 97, (1970) 41. – Solidago serotina var. dumertorum (Aiton) A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 17, (1882) 196. – Solidago serotina var. gigantea (Aiton) A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 17, (1882) 196. – Solidago serotina var. minor Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer., 2, (1834) 2. – Solidago serotinoides Á.Löve & D.Löve, Taxon, 31, (1982) 358. – Solidago shinnersii (Beaudry) Beaudry, Naturaliste Canad., 101, (1974) 932. – Solidago somesii Rydb., Brittonia, 1, (1931) 101. native from Canada to north eastern Mexico, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  2. Solidago nemoralis Aiton, Hort. Kew., 3, (1789) 213; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 380; POWO (2024). – Solidago nemoralis var. typica Rosend. & Cronquist in Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 33, (1945) 249, not validly publ. Native from Canada to USA, introduced to Indonesia.

 

SOLIVA Ruiz & Pav.

  1. Soliva anthemifolia (Juss.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., (1826) 243; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 421; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Gymnostyles anthemifolia Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 4, (1804) 262. Native from South America, introduced to Indonesia.

 

SONCHUS L.

  1. Sonchus arvensis, Sp. Pl., (1753) 793; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 435; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Wiriadinata & Wawo, Berita Biologi, 9, 2, (2008) 194; Rugayah, et al., Daftar Jenis Tumbuhan di Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara (2015) 118; Megawati et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 6, 3, (2017) 242; Widayat et al., Eksplorasi Pengetahuan Lokal Etnomedisin dan Tumbuhan Obat Berbasis Komunitas di Indonesia Provinsi Papua Barat (Laporan Penelitian), (2017) 99; POWO (2024). – Sonchus vulgaris subsp. arvensis (L.) Rouy, G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France, 9, (1905) 205, nom. illeg. Native from Europe to Siberia and Caucasus, introduced to Indonesia.
  1. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Herb. Brit., 1, (1769) 47; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 435; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Sonchus oleraceus var. asper L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 794. – Sonchus oleraceus subsp. asper (L.) Ehrh., Hannover. Mag., 14, (1780) 230. Native from Europe to Northern America.
  1. Soncus maritimus , Syst. Nat., ed. 10., 2, (1759) 1192; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Sonchus arvensis subsp. maritimus (L.) P.Fourn., Quatre Fl. France, (1940), 1042, nom. illeg. – Sonchus arvensis var. maritimus (L.) Wahlenb., Fl. Suecica, 2, (1826) 483. – Sonchus vulgaris subsp. maritimus (L.) Rouy, G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France, 9, (1905), 206, nom. illeg. Native to Mediterranean to Central Asia.
  1. Sonchus oleraceus, Sp. Pl., (1753) 794; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 435; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Mujahid et al., Eksplorasi Pengetahuan Lokal Etnomedisin dan Tumbuhan Obat Berbasis Komunitas di Indonesia Provinsi Papua Barat (Laporan Penelitian), (2017) 77; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Carduus amplexicaulis Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5,4, (1790) 11, nom. nud. – Sonchus angustissimus Hook.f., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., 7, (1863) 203. – Sonchus ciliatus Lam., Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 87. – Sonchus ciliatus var. subbipinnatifidus Guss., Enum. Pl. Inarim., (1854) 196. – Sonchus fabrae Sennen, Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat., 28, (1929) 114. – Sonchus glaber Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782) 242, opus utique oppr. – Sonchus gracilis Phil., Anales Univ. Chile, 87, (1894) 325. – Sonchus gracilis Sennen, É.M.G.Sennen & H.Mauricio, Cat. Fl. Rif Orient., (1933) 72, not validly publ. – Sonchus lacerus Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 1513. – Sonchus laevis Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné, 3, 1, (1788) 158. – Sonchus laevis Garsault, Fig. Pl. Méd., 4, (1764) t. 564, opus utique oppr. – Sonchus longifolius Trevir., Index Seminum (WROCL, Wratislaviensi), 1818, (1818) 6. – Sonchus macrotus Fenzl, Flora, 27, (1844) 312, not validly publ. – Sonchus mairei H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 12, (1913) 284. – Sonchus maritimus Moc. & Sessé, Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, (1894) 177, nom. illeg. – Sonchus oleraceus var. angustifolius Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 419. – Sonchus oleraceus subsp. angustissimus H.Lindb., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol., 1, 2, (1932) 169. – Sonchus oleraceus var. integrifolius Wallr., Sched. Crit., (1822) 432. – Sonchus oleraceus var. integrifolius Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 419. – Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus (Willd.) Wallr., Sched. Crit., (1822) 432. – Sonchus oleraceus var. laciniatus Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 419. – Sonchus oleraceus var. laevis L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 794. – Sonchus oleraceus var. latifolius Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 419. – Sonchus oleraceus var. litoralis P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland, 4, (2006) 532, nom. illeg. – Sonchus oleraceus f. runcinatus Fiori, A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia, 3, (1904) 417. – Sonchus oleraceus var. subrotundus Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 419. – Sonchus oleraceus var. triangularis Wallr., Sched. Crit., (1822) 432. – Sonchus pallescens Pančić, Elench. Pl. Vasc., (1875) 55. – Sonchus parviflorus Lej. ex Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs., 1, (1831) 274. – Sonchus plumieri Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., ed. 2, (1894) 178, nom. illeg. – Sonchus reversus E.Mey. ex DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 186. – Sonchus rivularis Phil., Linnaea, 30, (1859) 194. – Sonchus roseus Besser ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 651. – Sonchus royleanus DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 184. – Sonchus runcinatus (Fiori) Zenari, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 31, (1924) 11, nom. illeg. – Sonchus schimperi A.Braun & C.D.Bouché, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1857 (App.), (1857) 1. – Sonchus schmidianus K.Koch, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1853 (App.), (1853) 12, nom. superfl. – Sonchus spinulifolius Sennen, É.M.G.Sennen & H.Mauricio, Cat. Fl. Rif Orient.: 72 (1933) 72, not validly publ. – Sonchus subbipinnatifidus (Guss.) Zenari in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 31, (1924) 9. – Sonchus sundaicus Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 888. – Sonchus tenerrimus Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv., (1866) 371, not validly publ. – Sonchus umbellifer Thunb. in Prodr. Pl. Cap., 2, (1800) 139. – Sonchus zacinthoides DC. in Prodr., 7, (1838) 184. Native from Europe to Northern America, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Papua.

 

SPHAGNETICOLA O.Hoffm.

  1. Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski, Mem. New York Bot. Gard., 78, (1996) 114; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 4; Oktarina & Salamah, Jurnal Pro-Life 4, 1, (2017) 246; Cámara-Leret et al., Nature, 584 (2020); Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Acmella brasiliensis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 592. – Acmella spilanthoides Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 24, (1822) 329. – Buphthalmum heterophyllum Willd. ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 484. – Buphthalmum procumbens Desf. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., 1, (1821) 127. – Buphthalmum repens Lam., Encycl. 1, (1785) 515. – Buphthalmum strigosum Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk., 2, (1821) 140. – Complaya trilobata (L.) Strother, Syst. Bot. Monogr., 33, (1991) 14. – Polymnia crenata Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl., 4, (1816) 482. – Seruneum paludosum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Seruneum trilobatum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 365. – Sphagneticola ulei O.Hoffm., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, 3, (1900) 36. – Stemmodontia carnosa O.F.Cook & G.N.Collins, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 8, (1903) 244. – Stemmodontia trilobata (L.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., 1262, 1340 (1903) 1340. – Thelechitonia trilobata (L.) H.Rob. & Cuatrec., Phytologia, 72, (1992) 142. – Verbesina carnosa (Pers.) M.Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 19, (1890) 274. – Verbesina carnosa var. triloba (Rich. ex Pers.) M.Gómez, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 19, (1890) 274. – Verbesina tridentata Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 577. – Wedelia brasiliensis (Spreng.) S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 26, (1930) 250. – Wedelia carnosa Rich., C.H.Persoon, Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 490. – Wedelia carnosa triloba Rich., C.H.Persoon, Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 490. – Wedelia crenata Rich., C.H.Persoon, Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 490. – Wedelia paludicola Poepp., E.F.Poeppig & S.L.Endlicher, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl., 3, (1843) 50. – Wedelia paludosa DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 538. – Wedelia paludosa var. latifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 538. – Wedelia paludosa var. vialis DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 538. – Wedelia pedunculata Mart. ex Colla, Herb. Pedem., 3, (1834) 428. – Wedelia tannensis Endl., Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch., 1, (1836) 168. – Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard., 4, (1893) 99; Novianti et al., J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage., 4, 4, (2017) 931; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023). – Wedelia trilobata var. hirtella O.E.Schulz, Symb. Antill., 7, (1913) 558. – Wedelia trilobata var. pilosissima S.F.Blake, J. Washington Acad. Sci., 21, (1931) 332. Native from Mexico to South America. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, PAPUA.

 

 

STEVIA Cav.

  1. Stevia ovata, Enum. Pl., (1809) 855; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 404; P Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); OWO (2024). Native from Mexico to Peru.

 

STIFFTIA J.C.Mikan

  1. Stifftia chrysanthaC.Mikan, Del. Fl. Faun. Bras., 1, (1820) 1; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 432; POWO (2024). – Augusta grandiflora Leandro, Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 7, (1818-1820 publ. 1821) 235. – Mocinia mutisioides DC., Prodr., 7, (1838) 26. – Plazia brasiliensis Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk., 2, (1821) 137. – Stifftia chrysantha var. oligantha Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 3, (1884) 351. – Stifftia insignis Regel, Cat. Pl. Hort. Aksakov., (1860) 135. Native to Eastern Brazil, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

STOKESIA L’Hér.

  1. Stokesia laevis (Hill) Greene, Erythea, 1, (1893) 3; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 374; POWO (2024). – Cartesia centauroides Cass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1816, (1816) 198. – Carthamus cyaneus Banks ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1, (1840) 300. – Carthamus laevis Hill, Hort. Kew., (1768) 57. – Stokesia cyanea L’Hér., Sert. Angl., (1789) 28. Native to south eastern USA, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

STROBOCALYX (Blume ex DC.) Spach.

  1. Strobocalyx solanifolia Bip, Jahresber. Pollichia, 18-19, (1861) 171; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Cacalia solanifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 971. – Gymnanthemum solanifolium (Benth.) H.Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 112, (1999) 243. – Vernonia fortunei Sch.Bip., Flora, 35, (1852) 48. – Vernonia kurzii C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 24. – Vernonia solanifolia Benth., London J. Bot., 1, (1842) 486. Native from southern China to Indochina. Introduced to Indonesia.

 

STRUCHIUM P.Browne

  1. Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 366; J. Kost., Blumea, 1, (1935) 371; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 370; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Ethulia sparganophora L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1171. – Ethulia struchium Sw. in Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ., (1788) 111. – Sparganophorus africanus (P.Beauv.) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., 1, (1821) 801. – Sparganophorus ethulia Crantz in Inst. Rei Herb., 1, (1766) 261. – Sparganophorus fasciatus Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 7, (1806) 302, nom. superfl. – Sparganophorus fasciculatus Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., 1, (1821) 801, not validly publ. – Sparganophorus fuscatus Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 614, not validly publ. – Sparganophorus sparganophora (L.) C.Jeffrey in Kew Bull., 43, (1988) 272, not validly publ. – Sparganophorus struchium (Sw.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 7, (1806) 302. – Sparganophorus vaillantii Crantz in Inst. Rei Herb., 1, (1766) 261. – Sparganophorus vaillantii var. longifolius Griseb. in Cat. Pl. Cub., (1866) 143. – Struchium africanum P.Beauv. in Fl. Oware, 1, (1806) 81. – Struchium americanum Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 7, (1806) 475. – Struchium herbaceum J.St.-Hil. in Expos. Fam. Nat., 1, (1805) 406. Native from south eastern Mexico to tropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku.

 

 

SYMPHYOTRICHUM Nees

  1. Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 278; POWO (2024). – Aster cordifolius L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 875; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 384. – Aster cordifolius var. alvearius E.S.Burgess, N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., 3, (1898) 363. – Aster cordifolius var. furbishiae Fernald, Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., 2, (1897) 129. – Aster cordifolius var. glabratus Hollick & Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 16, (1889) 132, 163. – Aster cordifolius var. incisus Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 19, (1892) 224. – Aster cordifolius var. laevigatus Porter, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 16, (1889) 67. – Aster cordifolius subsp. laevigatus (Porter) A.G.Jones, Brittonia, 32, (1980) 249. – Aster cordifolius var. lanceolatus Porter, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 16, (1889) 68. – Aster cordifolius var. moratus Shinners, Castanea, 10, (1945) 65. – Aster cordifolius var. pedicellatus E.S.Burgess, N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., 3, (1898) 363. – Aster cordifolius var. polycephalus Porter, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 21, (1894) 120. – Aster cordifolius var. racemiflorus Fernald, Rhodora, 19, (1917) 155. – Aster cordifolius var. sagittifolius (Willd.) A.G.Jones, Phytologia, 63, (1987) 131. – Aster cordifolius subsp. sagittifolius (Wedem. ex Willd.) A.G.Jones, Brittonia, 32, (1980) 249. – Aster finkii var. moratus Shinners, Amer. Midl. Naturalist, 26, (1941) 407. – Aster heterophyllus Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2017, nom. illeg. – Aster heterophyllus var. glabriusculus DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 234. – Aster heterophyllus var. scaber DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 234. – Aster leiophyllus Porter, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 20, (1893) 254, nom. illeg. – Aster leiophyllus var. incisus Porter, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 20, (1893) 255. – Aster leiophyllus var. lanceolatus Porter, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 20, (1893) 255. – Aster lowrieanus Porter, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 21, (1894) 121. – Aster lowrieanus var. bicknellii Porter, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 5, (1894) 325. – Aster lowrieanus var. incisus Porter, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 21, (1894) 121. – Aster lowrieanus var. lanceolatus Porter, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 21, (1894) 121. – Aster lowrieanus var. lancifolius Porter, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 5, (1894) 325. – Aster pallidulus B.Vogel, C.J.Trew, Pl. Rar. Hort. Domest., 3, (1884) t. 28. – Aster plumarius E.S.Burgess, Fl. S.E. U.S., 1214, (1903) 1339. – Aster pubescens Nees, Syn. Aster. Herb., (1818) 16, nom. illeg. – Aster sagittifolius Wedem. ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2035. – Aster sagittifolius f. albiflorus Moldenke, Phytologia, 29, (1974) 192. – Leiachenis cordifolia Raf., Fl. Tellur., 2, (1837) 45. – Solidago cordifolia Moench, Methodus, (1794) 599. – Symphyotrichum cordifolium var. furbishiae (Fernald) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 278. – Symphyotrichum cordifolium var. lanceolatum (Porter) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 278. – Symphyotrichum cordifolium var. moratum (Shinners) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 278. – Symphyotrichum cordifolium var. polycephalum (Porter) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 278. – Symphyotrichum cordifolium var. racemiflorum (Fernald) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 278. – Symphyotrichum lowrieanum (Porter) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 278 — Symphyotrichum sagittifolium (Wedem. ex Willd.) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 291. Native from Canada to USA, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  2. Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 280; POWO (2024). – Aster ericoides L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 875; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 384. – Lasallea ericoides (L.) Semple & Brouillet, Amer. J. Bot., 67, (1980) 1023. – Virgulus ericoides (L.) Reveal & Keener, Taxon, 30, (1981) 649. Native from Canada to Mexico, introduced to Indonesia.
  1. Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 287; POWO (2024). – Aster altissimus Moench, Methodus, (1794) 601. – Aster amplexicaulis Lam., Encycl., 1, (1783) 304. – Aster muehlenbergii Tausch in Flora, 22, (1839) 77. – Aster novae-angliae L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 875; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 384; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81. – Aster novae-angliae f. geneseensis House, Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist., 243-244, (1923) 40. – Aster novae-angliae var. monocephalus Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 19, (1917) 250. – Aster novae-angliae f. rosarius House in Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist., 243-244, (1923) 30. – Aster novae-angliae f. roseus (Desf.) Britton in Proc. Nat. Sci. Assoc. Staten Island, 2 (Nov.), (1890) 8. – Aster novae-angliae var. roseus (Desf.) DC., Prodr. 5, (1836) 232. – Aster novae-angliae f. spurius (Willd.) Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 465. – Aster repertus Mottet in Dict. Prat. Hort., 1:, (1893) 280. – Aster roseus Desf. in Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3, (1829) 401. – Aster spurius Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2032. – Aster spurius var. novae-angliae (L.) W.P.C.Barton in Fl. Philadelph. Prodr., (1815) 80, nom. superfl. –Diplactis novanglia Raf. in Fl. Tellur., 2, (1837) 45. – Lasallea novae-angliae (L.) Semple & Brouillet in Amer. J. Bot., 67, (1980) 1022. – Symphyotrichum novae-angliae f. roseum (Desf.) G.Wilh. & Rericha in Michigan Bot., 55, (2016) 95. – Virgulus novae-angliae (L.) Reveal & Keener in Taxon, 30, (1981) 649. Native from Canada to USA, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra.
  2. Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia, 77, (1995) 287; POWO (2024). – Amellus novi-belgii (L.) Opiz, Seznam, (1852) 14. – Aster novi-belgii L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 877; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 384; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 81; POWO (2024). Native from Canada to USA, introduced to Indonesia.

 

SYNEDRELLA Gaertn.

  1. Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl., 2, (1791) 456; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 410; Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 271; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 4; Megawati et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 6, 3, (2017) 243; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Ucacou nodiflorum (L.) Hitchc., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard., 4, (1893) 100. – Verbesina dichotoma Sieber ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2, (1841) 751, not validly publ. – Verbesina nodiflora L., Cent. Pl., I, (1755) 28. – Wedelia cryptocephala Peter, Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math.-Phys. Kl., n.f., 13, 2, (1928) 94. Native to tropical and subtropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.

 

TAGETES L.

  1. Tagetes erecta, Sp. Pl., (1753) 887; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 416; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Indra, et al., Jurnal Hutan Lestari: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan 2, 2, (2014) 381; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; POWO (2024). – Tagetes corymbosa Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., 2, (1826) t. 151. – Tagetes elongata Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2127. – Tagetes erecta f. pleniflora Moldenke, Phytologia, 5, (1954) 92. – Tagetes heterocarpha Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34, 2, (1915) 155. – Tagetes major Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl., 2, (1791) 437, nom. superfl. – Tagetes patula L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 887; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 416. – Tagetes patula aurantiaca T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 323. – Tagetes patula nanissima T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 323. – Tagetes remotiflora Kunze, Linnaea, 20, (1847) 23. – Tagetes tenuifolia Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 153, nom. illeg. Native from Mexico to Guatemala, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi.
  2. Tagetes lucida, Icon., 3, (1795) 33; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 416; POWO (2024). – Tagetes anethina Sessé & Moc., Naturaleza (Mexico City), ser. 2, 1 (App.), (1890) 142. – Tagetes florida Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 4: t. 35 (1831). – Tagetes gilletii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., sér. 5, 2, 2, (1907) 213. – Tagetes lucida f. florida (Sweet) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 498. – Tagetes pineda La Llave, Reg. Trimestre, 1, (1832) 358. – Tagetes punctata Sessé & Moc., Naturaleza (Mexico City), ser. 2, 1 (App.), (1890) 142. – Tagetes schiedeana Less., Linnaea, 9, (1834) 271. – Tagetes seleri Rydb., N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., 34, 2, (1915) 151. Native from Mexico to Honduras, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  3. Tagetes tenuifolia, Icon., 2, (1793) 54; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 416; POWO (2024). – Tagetes ernstii H.Rob. & Nicolson, Phytologia, 34, (1975) 328. – Tagetes jaliscensis var. minor Greenm., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser., 2, (1907) 273. – Tagetes macroglossa Pol., Linnaea, 41, (1878) 580. – Tagetes microglossa Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur, (1845) 118. – Tagetes peduncularis Cav., Descr. Pl., (1801) 201. – Tagetes signata Bartl., Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis), 1837, (1837) 7. – Tagetes signata var. nana J.Dix, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 2, (1862) 674. – Tagetes signata var. pumila Rümpler, Vilm. Ill. Blumengärtn., (1879) 991. Native from Mexico to Peru, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

TANACETUM L.

  1. Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevis.) Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 58; POWO (2024). – Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trevis.) Vis., Fl. Dalmat., 2, (1847) 88; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 421. – Chrysanthemum rigidum Vis., Index Seminum (PAD, Patavium), 1825, (1825). – Chrysanthemum turreanum Vis., Stirp. Dalmat. Spec., (1826) 19. – Pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trevis., Index Seminum (WROCL, Wratislaviensi), 1820, (1820) 2. – Pyrethrum elongatum Duch., J. Soc. Hort. Rhone, 1858, (1858) 658, nom. illeg. – Pyrethrum turreyanum Less., Syn. Gen. Compos., (1832) 254. – Pyrethrum willemotii Duch., J. Soc. Hort. Rhone, 1859, (1859) 210. Native to Western Balkan Peninsula, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  2. Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33, (1974) 262; POWO (2024). – Chrysanthemum coccineum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2144; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 421. – Matricaria coccinea (Willd.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 3, (1814) 602. – Pyrethrum coccineum (Willd.) Vorosch., Index Seminum (Acad. Sci. URSS), 9, (1954) 21. Native from easterm Europe to Central Asia and Iran, introduced to Indonesia.
  1. Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 55; POWO (2024). – Chamaemelum parthenium (L.) E.H.L.Krause, J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., 13, (1905) 205. – Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh., Syst. Verz. Erf., (1800) 145; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 420. – Chrysanthemum parthenium var. discoideum Lej., A.L.S.Lejeune & R.J.Courtois, Comp. Fl. Belg., 3, (1836) 148. – Dendranthema parthenium (L.) Des Moul., Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 20, (1855) 561. – Leucanthemum odoratum Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées, (1867) 504, nom. superfl. – Leucanthemum parthenium (L.) Godr. & Gren., Fl. France Corse, 2, (1850) 145. – Leucanthemum parthenium var. flosculosum St.-Lag., A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2, (1889) 481. – Matricaria alba Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 509, pro syn. – Matricaria eximia Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 509, pro syn. – Matricaria florida Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 203. – Matricaria latifolia Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch., 1, (1782) 220, opus utique oppr. – Matricaria odorata Lam., Fl. Franç., 2, (1779) 136. – Matricaria parthenium L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 890. – Matricaria vulgaris Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 454. – Parthenium matricaria Gesn. ex Rupr., Fl. Ingrica, (1856) 583. – Parthenium matricaria Gueldenst., Reis. Russland, 2, (1791) 25, not validly publ. – Pontia matricaria Bubani, Fl. Pyren., 2, (1899) 220. – Pyrethrum eximium Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 509, pro syn. – Pyrethrum glanduliferum Sommier & Levier, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 2, (1895) 87. – Pyrethrum grossheimii Sosn., Beih. Bot. Centralbl., 44, 2, (1927) 243. – Pyrethrum partheniifolium aureum Jacob-Makoy, Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.), 114, (1870) 84. – Pyrethrum parthenium (L.) Sm., Fl. Brit., 2, (1800) 900. – Pyrethrum parthenium eximium T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 322. – Pyrethrum parthenium var. multiplex N.H.F.Desp., Fl. Sarthe, (1838) 130. – Tanacetum glanduliferum (Sommier & Levier) K.Bremer & Humphries, Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. (London), Bot., 23, (1993) 102. – Tanacetum grossheimii (Sosn.) Muradyan, Biol. Zhurn. Armenii, 23, (1970) 90. Native from south eastern Europe to western Himalaya, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

TARAXACUM F.H.Wigg

  1. Taraxacum officinale complex Weber ex Wigg., Prim. Fl. Holsat., (1780) 56; CABI (2019). – Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum F.H.Wigg., POWO (2024). – Taraxacum officinaleH.Wigg., Prim. Fl. Holsat., (1780) 56; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 400; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84. Native to northern hemisphere, introduced worldwide, Sumatra, Java (synonym of complex taxa Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum F.H.Wigg).
  2. Taraxacum piceatum , Ark. Bot., 9, 10, (1910) 11; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Europe, introduced to Indonesia. Java.
  3. Taraxacum subundulatum , Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles, 6, (1923) 779; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Taraxacum amphiodon Dahlst., Bot. Not., 1934, (1934) 3. – Taraxacum hemipolyodon Dahlst., Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles, 8, (1928 publ. 1929) 625. Native to Europe, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

TARLMOUNIA H.Rob., S.C.Keeley, Skvarla & R.Chan

  1. Tarlmounia elliptica (DC.) H.Rob., S.C.Keeley, Skvarla & R.Chan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 121, (2008) 32; Irsyam & Irwanto, Jurnal Biodjati, 4, 2, (2019) 246; POWO (2024). – Cacalia elaeagnifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 2, (1891) 970. – Conyza elaeagnifolia Wall., Numer. List, (1831) n. 3041. – Eupatorium elaeagnifolium DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 22. – Strobocalyx elaeagnifolia Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 18-19, (1861) 171. – Strobocalyx elliptica Sch.Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia, 18-19, (1861) 171. – Vernonia elaeagnifolia DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 22. – Vernonia elliptica DC., R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India, (1834) 5. Native to southern China to Peninsular Malaysia, may introduced or also native to Malesia. Java.

 

 

TESSARIA Ruiz & Pav.

  1. Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil., 1, (1798) 213; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to tropical America.

 

 

TITHONIA Desf. ex Juss.

  1. Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 19, (1883) 5; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 405; Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 265; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Tambaru, Jurnal Ilmu Alam dan Lingkungan 8, 15, (2017) 9; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Mirasolia diversifolia Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot., 2, (1881) 168. – Helianthus quinquelobus Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., (1894) 193. – Tithonia diversifolia subsp. glabriuscula  S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 20, (1921) 435. – Urbanisol tagetiflorus var. diversifolius (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 371. Native from Mexico to Central America, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.
  2. Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F.Blake, Gray Herb., 52, (1917) 41; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 405; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; POWO (2024). – Helianthus speciosus Hook., Bot. Mag., 61, (1834) t. 3295. – Leighia speciosa (Hook.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 583. – Tagetes rotundifolia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8., (1768) n. 4. – Tithonia aristata Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, 1852, (1853) 114. – Tithonia heterophylla Griseb., Bonplandia (Hannover), 6, (1858) 9. – Tithonia macrophylla S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 26, (1891) 140. – Tithonia speciosa (Hook.) Hook. ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub., (1866) 155. – Tithonia tagetiflora Desf., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 1, (1802) 49. – Tithonia uniflora J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]., 2, 2, (1792) 1259. – Tithonia vilmoriniana Pamp., Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1908, (1908) 133. – Urbanisol aristatus (Oerst.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 371. – Urbanisol heterophyllus (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 371. – Urbanisol tagetiflorus (Desf.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 370. – Urbanisol tagetiflorus var. normalis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 370, not validly publ. – Urbanisol tagetiflorus var. speciosus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 370. – Verbesina szyszylowiczii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 492 (1905) 492. Native from Mexico to Central America, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi.

 

 

TRIDAX L.

  1. Tridax procumbens, Sp. Pl., (1753) 900; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 404; J. Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 263; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Girmansyah et al., Flora of Bali: An Annotated Checklist (2013) 45; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; Pertiwi et al., Proceeding: Seminar Tugas Akhir FMIPA UNMUL, 1, 1, (2015) 4; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Holmes et al., Biol. Invasions, 25, (2023); POWO (2024). – Amellus pedunculatus Ortega ex Willd., Enum. Pl., 2, (1809) 916. – Balbisia canescens Rich. ex Pers., Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 470. – Balbisia divaricata Cass., Opusc. Phytol., 3, (1834) 91. – Balbisia elongata Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4., 3, (1803) 2214. – Balbisia pedunculata Hoffmanns., Verz. Pfl.-Kult., 1, (1824) 228. – Chrysanthemum procumbens (L.) Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mexic., (1894) 190. – Tridax procumbens var. canescens (Rich. ex Pers.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 679. – Tridax procumbens var. ovatifolia B.L.Rob. & Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 32, (1896) 7. Native from Mexico to tropical America, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua.

 

TRIPLEUROSPERMUM Sch.Bip.

  1. Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch.Bip., Tanaceteen, (1844) 32; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Anthemis vulgaris Steud., Nomencl. Bot., 1, (1821) 53. – Camomilla inodora Gilib., Exerc. Phyt., 1, (1792 179), opus utique oppr. – Chamaemelum inodorum (L.) Vis., Giorn. Bot. Ital., 1, 2, (1845) 34. – Chamomilla inodora (L.) K.Koch, Linnaea, 17, (1843) 45. – Chamomilla praecox K.Koch, Linnaea, 17, (1843) 46. – Chrysanthemum inodorum (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1253. – Chrysanthemum maritimum var. agreste (Weiss) Bech., Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 32, (1921) 198. – Chrysanthemum maritimum var. inodorum (L.) Bech., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 25, (1928) 15. – Dibothrospermum agreste Knaf, Flora, 29, (1846) 299, nom. superfl. – Dibothrospermum pusillum Knaf, Flora, 29, (1846) 299. – Matricaria elegans Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 374. – Matricaria inodora L., Fl. Suec., ed., 2, (1755) 297; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 418. – Matricaria inodora f. agrestis (Weiss) Fiori & Paol., A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia, 3, (1903) 236. – Matricaria inodora f. biennis Fiori & Paol., A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia, 3, (1903) 236. – Matricaria inodora f. raii Neuman, Bot. Not., 1882, (1882). – Matricaria inodora f. tubulosa C.H.Blom, Bot. Not., 1933, (1933) 302. – Matricaria inodora var. agrestis Weiss, W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3, (1895) 1424. – Matricaria inodora var. grandiflora Ostenf., Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiana, Math.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 1909, 8, (1910) 25. – Matricaria inodora var. pusilla (Knaf) Fiori, Nuov. Fl. Italia, 2, (1927) 621. – Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora (L.) Soó, Acta Geobot. Hung., 4, (1941) 193. – Matricaria maritima var. agrestis Wilmott ex Fernald, A.Gray, Manual, ed. 8, (1950) 1517. – Matricaria maritima var. inodora (L.) Soó, Acta Geobot. Hung., 4, (1941) 193. – Matricaria perforata Mérat, Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris, (1812) 332. – Matricaria pumila Nyman, Syll. Fl. Eur., (1854) 12, nom. superfl. – Matricaria salina Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 374, not validly publ. – Matricaria suaveolens W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, (1843) 416, 1026, nom. illeg. – Pyrethrum elegans Pollini, Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti, 9, (1816) 101. – Pyrethrum inodorum (L.) Moench, Methodus, (1794) 597. – Pyrethrum inodorum var. duplicatum Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl., 2, (1821 publ. 1822) 453. – Pyrethrum maritimum var. salinum Wallr., Sched. Crit., (1822) 489. – Rhytidospermum inodorum (L.) Sch.Bip., P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries. 3 (2; 2). (1844) 277. – Trallesia matricarioides Zumagl., Fl. Pedemont., 1, (1849) 361. – Tripleurospermum bienne Knaf ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., (1879) 374. – Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. inodorum (L.) Appleq., Taxon, 51, (2003) 760. – Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. inodorum (L.) Vaar., Proc. 7th Int. Bot. Congr., (1950) 279, nom. illeg. – Tripleurospermum maritimum var. agreste (Weiss) Briq. & Cavill., E.Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit., 6, (1916) 134. – Tripleurospermum maritimum var. pusillum (Knaf) Briq. & Cavill., E.Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit., 6, (1916) 135. – Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) M.Laínz, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid, 39, (1983) 412. – Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) Wagenitz, G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 6, (1987) 1356. Native from Europe to Siberia and Xinjiang, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

URSINIA Gaertn.

  1. Ursinia anthemoides (L.) Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 8, (1808) 257; POWO (2024). – Arctotis anthemoides L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10., 2, (1759) 1234. – Leptotis anthemoides (L.) Hoffmanns., Verz. Pfl.-Kult., 1, (1824) 72. – Sphenogyne anthemoides (L.) R.Br., W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew., 5, (1813) 142. Native from Africa, introduced to Indonesia.

 

VERBESINA L.

  1. Verbesina alata, Sp. Pl., (1753) 901; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 409; J. Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 282; POWO (2024). – Hamulium alatum Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2., 20, (1821) 261. – Tepion alatum Britton ex P.Wilson, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., 8, (1917) 408. – Verbesina alata var. genuina Urb., Symb. Antill., 5, (1907) 260, not validly publ. – Verbesina alata var. hispida Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub., (1866) 387. Native to Carribean, introduced to Indonesia. Java, Papua.
  2. Verbesina virginica, Sp. Pl., (1753) 901; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 409; POWO (2024). – Phaethusa laciniata Small, Fl. Miami, (1913) 195, 200. – Phaethusa virginica Britton, N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2, 3, (1913) 487. – Sigesbeckia laciniata Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 7, (1806) 158. – Verbesina laciniata Walter, Fl. Carol., (1788) 213. – Verbesina laciniata Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl., 2, (1818) 170, nom. illeg. – Verbesina polycephala DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 616. – Verbesina sinuata Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina, 2, (1823) 411. – Verbesina villosa Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 7, (1841) 370. – Verbesina virginica var. insularis B.L.Rob. & Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 34, (1899) 560. – Verbesina virginica var. laciniata A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 19, (1883) 11. – Verbesina virginica var. mollissima B.L.Rob. & Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 34, (1899) 560. Native to USA, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

WEDELIA Jacq.

  1. Wedelia asperrima (Gardner) B.L.Turner, Phytologia 72, (1992) 391; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Viguiera asperrima Gardner, London J. Bot., 7, (1848) 401. Native to Brazil, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara.

 

XANTHIUM L.

  1. Xanthium strumarium, Sp. Pl., (1753) 987; Merrill, Phillip. J. Sci. 1 (Suppl. 3) (1906) 588; POWO (2024). – Xanthium abyssinicum Wallr., Beitr. Bot., 1, (1842) 230. – Xanthium antiquorum Wallr., Beitr. Bot., 1, (1842) 229. – Xanthium arenarium Lasch, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), 14, (1856) 411. – Xanthium brasilicum Vell., Fl. Flumin., 10, (1831) t. 23. – Xanthium inaequilaterum DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 523; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 399. – Xanthium indicum J.Koenig ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 601; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84. – Xanthium indicum var. inaequilaterum (DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 68. – Xanthium japonicum Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih., 20, (1923) 31. – Xanthium macrocarpum DC., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6, (1815) 356. – Xanthium mongolicum Kitag., Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 4, (1936) 97. – Xanthium natalense Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 41, (1937) 274. – Xanthium pungens var. globuliforme C.Shull, Bot. Gaz., 83, (1927) 385. – Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih., 20, (1923) 32. – Xanthium sibiricum var. jingyuanense H.G.Hou & Y.T.Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin, 20, (2000) 249. – Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih., 20, (1923) 36. – Xanthium strumarium var. brasilicum (Vell.) Baker, C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras., 6, 3, (1884) 147. – Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum (Vell.) O.Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona), 17, (1988) 90 –Xanthium strumarium var. inaequilaterum (DC.) C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind., (1876) 133. – Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter, Willdenowia, 33, (2003) 249. – Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium. – Xanthium strumarium var. subinerme (Widder) Winkl. ex Y.Z.Zhao, L.Q.Zhao & C.Rui, Fl. Intramongol., ed. 3., 5, (2019) 93. Native from southern Europe, northern Africa, to eastern Asia, introduced to Indonesia. Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan.

 

XEROCHRYSUM Tzvelev

  1. Xerochrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 27, (1990) 151; POWO (2024). – Aphelexis spectabilis Hereman, Paxton’s Bot. Dict., ed. 2, (1868) 41. – Bracteantha bracteata (Vent.) Anderb. & Haegi, Opera Bot., 104, (1991) 105. – Gnaphalium acuminatum Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt., 2, (1822) 312. – Gnaphalium chrysanthum (Pers.) Sch.Bip., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), 3, (1845) 171. – Gnaphalium glabratum (DC.) Sch.Bip., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), 3, (1845) 171. – Gnaphalium macrocephalum (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Sch.Bip., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), 3, (1845) 171. – Helichrysum acuminatum (Link) Sweet, Hort. Brit., (1826) 223. – Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Andrews, Bot. Repos., 6, (1805) t. 428; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 395. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. albidum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 189. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. angustifolium Guilf., Austral. Pl., (1911) 209, nom. nud. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. atrococcineum L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort., 2, (1900) 723. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. atrosanguineum E.Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre, ed. 3, (1870) 525. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. borrusorum-rex E.Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre, (1863) 375. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. chrysanthemum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 189. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. chrysanthum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 189, type variety. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. eriopodum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 189. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. incurvum (T.Moore) E.Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre, ed. 3, (1870) 525. – Helichrysum bracteatum f. incurvum T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 314. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. monstruosum Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 534. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. nanum T.Moore, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 1, (1860) 315. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. nanum-album E.Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre, ed., 2, (1866) 415. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. nanum-luteum E.Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre, ed., 2, (1866) 415. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. normale (F.Muell.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot., 22, (1930) 1222, not validly publ. – Helichrysum bracteatum var. normale Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3., 1, (1894) 534, not validly publ. – Helichrysum chrysanthum Pers., Syn. Pl., 2, (1807) 414. – Helichrysum compositum K.Koch, Wochenschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten, 3, (1860) 50. – Helichrysum glabratum DC., Prodr., 6, (1838) 189. – Helichrysum lucidum Spreng., Gartenzeitung (Halle), 2, (1804) 197 – Helichrysum lucidum var. normalis F.Muell., Fragm., 11, (1879) 48, not validly publ. – Helichrysum macrocephalum A.Cunn. ex DC., Prodr., 6, (1838)188. – Helichrysum monstrosum James Sm., Nursery Cat. (James Smith’s Catalogue of descriptive flower and herb seed envelopes), 1865, (1865). – Helichrysum niveum Graham, Bot. Mag., 67, (1841) t. 3857, nom. illeg. – Xeranthemum bracteatum Vent., Jard. Malmaison, (1803) t. 2. – Xeranthemum lucidum (Spreng.) Maund, Bot. Gard., t. 34 (1827) t. 34. Native to Australia, introduced to Indonesia. Java.

 

 

ZINNIA L.

  1. Zinnia angustifolia Kunth, F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., ed. fol., 4, (1818) 197; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 400; POWO (2024). Native to Mexico, introduced to Indonesia.
    • Zinnia angustifolia var. angustifolia, POWO (2024). – Crassina angustifolia Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. Java.
  2. Zinnia elegans , Icon. Pl. Rar., 3, (1792) 15, nom. cons.; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 400; J. Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 281; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia 19, (2002) 84; Syah et al., Nat. Sci.: J. Sci. Tech. 3, 3, (2014) 312; POWO (2024). – Crassina elegans (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Crassina linearis (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Zinnia australis F.M.Bailey, Dept. Agric. Brisbane Bot. Bull., 3, (1891) 14. – Zinnia elegans var. alba DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 536. – Zinnia elegans var. coccinea (Lindl.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 536. – Zinnia elegans var. purpurascens DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 536. – Zinnia elegans var. violacea (Cav.) DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 536 – Zinnia linearis Benth., Pl. Hartw., (1839) 17. – Zinnia linearis var. latifolia Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 1, (1891) 102. – Zinnia violacea Cav., Icon., 1, (1791) 57, nom. rej. – Zinnia violacea var. coccinea Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg., 15, (1830) t. 1294. Native from Mexico to Nicaragua, introduced worldwide. Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Papua.
  3. Zinnia peruviana (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10., 2, (1759) 1221; Kost., Blumea, 25, (1979) 281; POWO (2024). – Chrysogonum peruvianum L., Sp. Pl., (1753) 920. – Crassina intermedia (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Crassina leptopoda (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Crassina multiflora (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Crassina peruviana (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Crassina peruviana var. flava Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 3, 3, (1898) 143. – Crassina tenuiflora (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Crassina verticillata (Andrews) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 1, (1891) 331. – Lepia multiflora (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew., (1768) 18. – Lepia pauciflora Hill, Hort. Kew., (1768) 18. – Rudbeckia pauciflora Zinn., Nomencl. Bot., 1, (1821) 707. – Zinnia florida Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, (1796) 205. – Zinnia floridana Raf., New Fl., 4, (1838) 70. – Zinnia fulva Schrank, Denkschr. Königl. Bot. Ges. Regensburg, 1, (1815) 146. – Zinnia grandiflora DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 536, pro syn. – Zinnia hybrida Roem. & Usteri, Bot. Mag. (Römer & Usteri), 1 (1tes St.), (1787) 49. – Zinnia hybrida Poir., J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., 8, (1808) 862. – Zinnia intermedia Engelm., F.A.Wislizenus, Mem. Tour N. Mexico, (1848) 107. – Zinnia leptopoda DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 535. – Zinnia linearifolia Moench, Suppl. Meth., (1802) 261. – Zinnia lutea Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl., 2, (1791) 459. – Zinnia mendocina Phil., Anales Univ. Chile, 36, (1870) 185. – Zinnia multiflora L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1269. – Zinnia multiflora var. flava DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 535. – Zinnia multiflora var. rubra DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 535. – Zinnia pauciflora L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2., (1763) 1269, nom. superfl. – Zinnia revoluta Cav., Icon., 3, (1795) 26. – Zinnia tenuiflora Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar., 3, (1792) 15. – Zinnia verticillata Andrews, Bot. Repos., 3, (1801) t. 189. – Zinnia verticillata Cav., Descr. Pl., (1801) 209. Native from USA to South America, introduced to Indonesia. Papua.

 

UNRESOLVED NAMES

  1. Achillea condensata , Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 85; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.
  2. Anaphalis viscida f. horsfieldii (Miq. ) J. Kost., Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 94; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 392; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). Endemic to Java Island.
  3. Artemisia javanica, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 33, (1926) 459; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.
  4. Artemisia mollucana, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 417; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Moluccas Island. MALUKU.
  5. , Blumea, 4, (1941) 489; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.
  6. Blumea tenella monochasialis J. Kost., Blumea, 4, (1941) 489; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.
  7. Conyza amboinica Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb., 1, (1766) 272; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Ambon. MALUKU.
  8. Conyza angustifolia , Fl. Ind., ed. 1832., 3, (1832) 429; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Himalaya. SUMATRA.
  9. Conyza eucoma , Pl. Jungh., (1855) 500; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.
  10. Conyza korthalsiana, Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1856) 51; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Blumea korthalsiana (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind., 2, (1891) 239; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Biotropia, 19, (2002) 81. Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
  11. Conyza macrophylla , Syst. Veg., ed. 16., 3, (1826) 513; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Uruguay. SUMATRA, JAVA.
  12. Cotula elongata Vogel, C.J.Trew, Pl. Rar. Hort. Domest., 3, (1884) t. 26; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Java Island. JAVA.
  13. Gynura  ajakensis, Candollea, 5, (1934) 330; Joyce et al., Biodivers. Data J., 8, (2020); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024);. Endemic to Java. JAVA.
  14.  Myriactis pilosa Blume ex DC., Prodr., 5, (1836) 308; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Native to Malesia.
  15. Prenanthes affinis, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2: 42 (1845); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Youngia affinis (Jungh.) Zoll. & Moritzi in Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië, 2, (1845) 566. Endemic to Java. JAVA.
  16. Prenanthes longifolia, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2: 43 (1845); Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). – Sonchus engleri Muschl. in Exkurs.-Fl. Java 3, (1912) 347, 348. Endemic to Java. JAVA.
  17. Senecio glaber Larrañaga, Escritos Damaso Antonio Larranaga, 2, (1923) 255; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). Native to Uruguay, introduced to Indonesia. JAVA.
  18. Taraxacum indonesicum Sonck, Ann. Bot. Fenn., 24, (1987) 307; POWO (2024). Endemic to Java.
  19. Vernonia cymosa eupatorioides (Blume) J. Kost., Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024). Endemic to Java. JAVA.
  20. Vernonia eupatorioides Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., (1826) 894; Sun et al., Plants, 13, 16, (2024); POWO (2024). Endemic to Java.
  21. Vernonia zollingerianoidesBip., H.Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip., 2, (1854) 119, nom. nud.; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr., Fl. Jav. (1965) 373; POWO (2024). Endemic to Java. JAVA