Apocynaceae II: Hunteria to Wrightia

HUNTERIA Roxb.

1. Hunteria zeylanica (Retz.) Gardner ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (1860) 191; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 201. – Cameraria zeylanica Retz., Observ. Bot. 4 (1786) 24. – Hunteria corymbosa Roxb. var. zeylanica (Retz.) Hallier f., Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anst. 17, Beih. 3 (1900) 195. – Hunteria corymbosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2 (1824) 531. – Tabernaemontana salicifolia Wall., Bot. Reg. 15 (1829) t. 1273. – Hunteria corymbosa Roxb. var. salicifolia (Wall.) Hallier f., Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anst. 17, Beih. 3 (1900) 195. – Hunteria zeylanica (Retz.) Gardner ex Thwaites var. salicifolia (Wall.) Pichon, Bol. Soc. Brot. sér. 2, 27 (1953) 111. – Hunteria lanceolata Wall. ex A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 350. – Gynopogon lanceolatum (Wall. ex A.DC.) Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2 (1877) 177. – Hunteria roxburghiana Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4 (1848) t. 1294. – Hunteria corymbosa Roxb. var. roxburghiana (Wight) Trimen ex Gamble, Fl. Madras 2 (1923) 808. – Hunteria africana K. Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost–Afrikas C (1895) 317. – Hunteria zeylanica (Retz.) Gardner ex Thwaites var. africana (K. Schum.) Pichon, Bol. Soc. Brot. sér. 2, 27 (1953) 112. – Hunteria legocii Livera, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 10 (1926) 140. East Africa to Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. SUMATRA.

 

ICHNOCARPUS R.Br.

1. Ichnocarpus archboidianus (Merr. & L.M. Perry) P.I. Forst., Austral. Syst. Bot. 5 (1992) 541; D.J. Middelton, Blumea 39 (1994) 76. – Micrechites archboldiana Merr. & L.M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 24 (1943) 214. Indonesia, Irian Jaya. PAPUA.
2. Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T. Aiton, Hort. Kew ed. 2, 2 (1811)69; Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1 (1824) 635; G.Don, Gen. Syst. 4 (1838) 78; A.DC., Prod. 8 (1844) 435; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 448; Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeyl. (1864) 194; Benth.,Fl. Austral. 4 (1869) 315; Kurz, J. As. Soc. Beng. 46 (1877)256; For. Fl. Burma 2 (1877) 185; Hook. f„ Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 669; Warb., Fl. Kaiser Wilhelmsland (1889) 407; Coll. & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc. 28 (1890) 86; Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 3 (1895) 142; F.M. Bailey, Queensland Fl. 3 (1900) 994; King & Gamble, J. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1907) 493; Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2 (1908) 142; Craib, Contr. Fl. Siam (1912) 131; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa (1922) 546; Gamble, Fl. Madras (1923) 820; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923)’364; Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. 61 (1927) 207; Pitard,Fl. G6n. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1255; Kerr, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2 (1939) 466; Bakh. f„ Blumea 6 (1950) 387; Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 239; Stewart, Fl. West Pakistan (1972) 564; Huber, Fl. Ceylon 1, 1 (1973) 27; Ramaswamy & Razi, Fl. Bangalore Dist. (1973) 450; Saldanha & Nicolson, Fl. Hassan Dist., Karnataka, India (1976) 435; Tsiang & P.T. Li, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 63 (1977) 225; Chater, Enum. Flow. PI. Nepal 3 (1982) 83; Streimann, PI. Upper Watut Watershed P.N.G. (1983) 86; Huber, Fl. Ceylon 4 (1983) 71; Ly, Feddes Repert. 97 (1986) 675; Seshagiri Rao, Fl. Goa, Diu, Daman, Dadra & Nagarhaveli 2 (1986)257; Singh, Id. Eastern Karnataka 1 (1988) 403; Elliot & Jones, Encycl. Austral. Pl. 5 (1990) 413; P.T. Li, J. South China Agric. Univ. 11 (1990) 32; P.I. Forst., Austral. Syst. Bot. 5 (1992) 536; D.J. Middelton, Blumea 39 (1994) 77. – Apocynum frutescens L., Sp. PI. (1753) 213; Willd., Sp. PI. 1 (1798) 1260. – Echites [Wall., Cat. Frutescens no. 1674] Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2 (1832) 12. – Apocynum crassifolium Salisb., Prod. (1796) 149, nom. illeg. – Gardenia volubilisLour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 148. – Ichnocarpus volubilis (Lour.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 21 (1922) 506; Enum. Philipp. Row. PL 3 (1923) 336; Markgr., Nova Guinea 14 (1926) 288; Merr., PL Elm. Born. (1929) 255; Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n.s. 24, 2 (1935) 313; Kerr, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2 (1939) 468; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 240; Ly, Feddes Repert. 97 (1986) 675. – Quirivelia zeylanica Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 6 (1804) 42, nom. illeg. – Tabernaemontana parviflora Poir. in Lam.,Encycl. Suppl. 5 (1817) 276. – Periploca palvalli Dennst., Schliissel zum Hortus Indicus Malabaricus (1818) 14, 24, 35. – Echites affinis Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4 (1819) 393. – Aganosma affinis (Roem. & Schult.) G.Don, Gen. Syst. 4 (1837) 77. – Ichnocarpus affinis (Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4, 2 (1895) 179. – Echites caryophyllata Roth, Nov. PI. Sp. (1821) 133. – Echites ferruginea Horsf. in Roem. & Schult.,Syst. Veg. 4 (1819) 796. – Echites bantamensis Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1040. – Chonemorpha bantamensis (Blume) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4 (1838) 76. – Ichnocarpus bantamensis (Blume) Miq., H. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 449. – Quirivelia bantamensis (Blume) Williams, Bull. Herb. Bois. ser. 2, 5 (1905) 949. – Echites caudataBlanco H.Filip. (1837) 106; ed. 2 (1845) 77; non L. – Merrill (1918) has designated Merrill Sp. Blanco. – Ichnocarpus ovatifolius A. DC., Prod. 8 (1844) 435; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 449; Hook, f.,Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 670; Vidal, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 186; Koord., Versl. Bot. Dienstreis Minahasa (1898) 528; Prain, Beng. PI. (1903) 680; King & Gamble, J. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1907) 494; Merr., Sp. Blanc. (1918) 313; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa (1922) 546; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 364; Pitard, Fl. Gdn. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1254. – Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T. Aiton var. ovatifolius (A. DC.) D.B. Deb, Fl. Tripura State 2 (1983) 18. – Ichnocarpus moluccanus Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 448. – Echites trichonema Zipp., Linnaea 15 (1841) 324, nom. nud. – Ichnocarpus dasycalyx Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 449. – Ichnocarpus leptodictyus F. Muell.,Fragm. 6 (1868) 118. – Ichnocarpus frutescens var. leptodictyus (F.Muell.) Domin, Bibl. Bot. 89 (1928) 528. – Gardenia sinensis Gomes, Mem. Acad. Sci. Lisb. SI. Sci. Pol. Mer. Bel. n.s. 4, 1 (1868) 28. – Springia indica Mull. Arg. in Van Heurck., Obs. Bot. PI. Nov. (1871) 143. – Ichnocarpus frutescens var. pubescens Kurz, J. As. Soc. Beng. 46 (1877) 256; For. Fl. Burma 2 (1877) 185. – Ichnocarpus navesii Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. 21 (1884) 313, nom. nud. – Ichnocarpus frutescens var. parvifolia Hook, f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 670. – Carruthersia daronensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4 (1912) 1450. – Toxocarpus makilingensis Elmer ex Merr., Enum. Philipp. Flow. PI. 3 (1923) 336, nom. illeg., in synonymy of Ichnocarpus volubilis (Lour.) Merr; Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 10 (1939) 3810, in synonymy of Ichnocarpus ovatifolius A. DC. – Ichnocarpus sogerensis Wernham ex S.Moore, J. Bot. 61, Suppl. (1923) 33. – Ichnocarpus volubilis f. sogerensis (Wernham ex S. Moore) Markgr., Nova Guinea 14 (1926)288. – Ichnocarpus frutescens f. sogerensis (Wernham ex S.Moore) Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. 61 (1927) 207. – Ichnocarpus frutescens f. pubescens Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. 61 (1927) 208, nom. illeg; Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 3 (1936) 156; Streimann, PI. Upper Watut Watershed P.N.G. (1983) 86; Tsiang & P.T. Li, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 63 (1977) 227. – Micrechites sinensis Markgr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin–Dahlem 11 (1931) 215. – Ichnocarpus oxypetalus Pitard, Fl. Gdn. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1256. – Ichnocarpus microcalyx Pitard,Fl. G6n. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1254; Kerr, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2 (1939) 467. S to E Asia, Malesia, and Australia. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA. Photos
3. Ichnocarpus polyanthus (Blume) P.I. Forst., Austral. Syst. Bot. 5 (1992) 544; D.J. Middelton, Blumea 39 (1994) 82. – Tabernaemontana polyantha Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1029. – Micrechites polyantha (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 457; Hook, f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 671; Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 2 (1934) 126; Backer & Bakh. f„ Fl. Java. 2 (1965) 234; Tsiang & P.T. Li, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 63 (1977) 194. – Micrechites radicans Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. 61 (1927) 205. – Micrechites elliptica Hook, f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 671. – Ichnocarpus pubiflorus Hook, f.,Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 670. – Micrechites pubiflora (Hook, f.) Kerr, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2 (1939) 462. – Micrechites baillonii Pierre, Rev. Cult. Col. 11 (1902) 229; Spire, Contr. Apocyn. (1905) 48; Pitard, Fl. Gdn. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1260. – Ichnocarpus baillonii (Pierre)Ly in Fedde, Repert. 97 (1986) 675. –Micrechites elliptica var. scortechinii King & Gamble, J. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1907) 505. – Micrechites scortechinii (King & Gamble) Ridley, J. Roy. As. Soc. Str. Br. 79 (1918) 95; Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 368. – Micrechites ferruginea Pitard, Fl. G6n. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1260;Ly, Feddes Repert. 97 (1986) 673. – Micrechites lachnocarpa Tsiang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Peiping, Bot. ser. 9 (1939) 22; Tsiang & P.T. Li, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 63 (1977) 189; Lý, Feddes Repert. 97 (1986) 673. – Micrechites rehderiana Tsiang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Peiping, Bot. ser. 9 (1939) 23; Tsiang & P.T. Li, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 63 (1977) 194. – Ichnocarpus himalaicus T.Yamaz., J. Jap. Bot. 46, 2 (1971) 49; Chater, Enum. Flow. PI.Nepal 3 (1982) 83. – Micrechites malipoensis var. parvifolia Tsiang & P.T. Li, ActaPhytotax. Sin. 11 (1973) 383. India to S and SE Asia, Sumatra and Java. SUMATRA, JAVA.
4. Ichnocarpus serpyllifolius (Blume) P.I. Forst., Austral. Syst. Bot. 5 (1992) 539, quoadcomb; D.J. Middelton, Blumea 39 (1994) 85. – Ficus serpyllifolia Blume, Bijdr. 1 (1825) 443. – Micrechites serpyllifolia (Blume) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 246. – Otopetalum micranthum Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 400. – Micrechites micrantha (Miq.) Hallier, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. 17 (1900) 156; Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 234. – Ecdysanthera schrieckii Van Heurck & Mull.Arg. in Van Heurck, Obs. Bot. PI. Nov. (1871) 191. – Micrechites schrieckii (Van Heurck & Miill.Arg.) Rolfe, J. Bot. 23 (1885) 214; Merr., Enum. Philipp. Flow. PI. 3 (1923) 332; Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 2 (1934) 126. – Micrechites polyantha auct. non Miq.: King & Gamble, J. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1907) 504. – Trachelospermum philippinense Elmer, Leafl. Philipp.Bot. 2 (1908) 488. – Micrechites furcata Ridley, J. Roy. As. Soc. Str. Br. 79 (1918) 95; Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 368. – Micrechites tenuifolia Ridley, J. Roy. As. Soc. Str. Br. 79 (1918) 96; Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 369. – Micrechites brachypetala Ridley, J. Roy. As. Soc. Str. Br. 79 (1918) 96; Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 368. Thailand, W Malesia, Philippines, Sulawesi. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI.

 

JASMINANTHES Blume

1. Jasminanthes suaveolens Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 148 (1850); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Indonesian Borneo. = KALIMANTAN. = Marsdenia jasminoidesI.Forst. in Austral. Syst. Bot. 8: 698 (1995). – Stephanotis suaveolens (Blume) K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 288 (1895).

 

KIBATALIA G.Don

1. Kibatalia arborea (Blume) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 86; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 211. – Hasseltia arborea Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1046. – Kickxia arborea (Blume) Blume, Rumphia 4 (1849) 26 (as Kixia). – Tabernaemontana ovalis Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 554. Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Palawan, Sulawesi. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI.
2. Kibatalia maingayi (Hook.f.) Woodson, Philipp. J. Sci. 60 (1936) 213; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 223. – Vallaris maingayi Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 651. – Paravallaris maingayi (Hook.f.) Kerr in Craib, Fl. Siam. 2 (1939) 456. – Holarrhena daronensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4 (1912) 1455. – Vallaris daronensis (Elmer) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 10 (1915) 70. – Kibatalia daronensis (Elmer) Woodson, Philipp. J. Sci. 60 (1936) 218. Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, and Mindanao. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.

3. Kibatalia villosa Rudjiman, Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 86: 82 (1986 publ. 1987); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Southern Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. = KALIMANTAN.
4. Kibatalia wigmanii (Koord.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 310 (1920 publ. 1921); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Sulawesi: NE Sulawesi. = SULAWESI. = Kixia wigmanii in Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19: 528 (1898).

 

KOPSIA Blume

1. Kopsia arborea Blume, Catalogus (1823) 13; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 235. – Kopsia longiflora Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 47. – Kopsia scortechinii King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 431. – Kopsia laxinervia Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 13 (1918) 55. – Kopsia lancibracteolata Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23 (1923) 262. – Kopsia jasminiflora Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1136. – Kopsia pitardii Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 141. – Kopsia cochinchinensis auct. non Kuntze: Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1134. – Kopsia pruniformis Rchb.f. & Zoll. ex Bakh.f., Blumea 6 (1950) 391. – Kopsia officinalis Tsiang & P.T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11 (1973) 356. – Kopsia flavida auct. non Blume: Corner, Wayside Trees Malaya ed. 2, 1 (1952) 145. India and Sri Lanka east to Sulawesi and Lesser Sunda Islands. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA. Photos
2. Kopsia flavida Blume, Rumphia 4: 28 (1849); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Calpicarpum albiflorum & Binn. in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 25: 402 (1863). – Calpicarpum ornatum W.Bull in Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 199: 12 (1884). – Kentrochrosia carolinensis (Kaneh.) Kaneh. & Hatus. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 53: 190 (1939). – Kentrochrosia monocarpa K.Schum. & Lauterb. in Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 506 (1900). – Kentrochrosia triangularis (Quisumb. & Merr.) Merr. & L.M.Perry in Philipp. J. Sci. 76: 21 (1941). – Kopsia albiflora (Teijsm. & Binn.) Boerl. in Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 395 (1899). – Kopsia carolinensis Kaneh. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 344 (1931). – Kopsia fruticosa var. albiflora (Teijsm. & Binn.) King & Gamble in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 431 (1908). – Kopsia grandiflora Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci. 20: 435 (1922). – Kopsia triangularis Quisumb. & Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci. 37: 191 (1928).
3. Kopsia grandifolia D.J. Middleton, Harvard Pap. Bot. 9 (2004) 109; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 243. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia. SUMATRA.
4. Kopsia lapidilecta [Sleesen, Fl. Mal. Misc. Rec. 1 (1959) 13, no Latin description] Sleesen, Blumea 10 (1960) 137; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 247. Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.
5. Kopsia pauciflora Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 639; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 250. – Kopsia spec. Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 59 (1911) 130. – Kopsia parvifolia Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 29 (1926) 412. – Kopsia caudata Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 254. – Kopsia caudata Merr. var. glabra Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 255. – Kopsia alba Ridl. ex M.R. Hend., Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 5 (1930) 78. – Kopsia lancifolia Markgr., Blumea 20 (1973) 425. – Kopsia macrophylla auct. non Hook.f.: Beaman et al., Pl. Mt. Kinabalu 4 (2001) 108.
   • var. pauciflora. Southern Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, possibly also in Java. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.
6. Kopsia sumatrana D.J. Middleton, Harvard Pap. Bot. 9 (2004) 131; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 256. Endemic to Sumatra. SUMATRA.

 

LEUCONOTIS Jack

1. Leuconotis anceps Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14 (1823) 121; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 265. – Willughbeia borneensis Merr., J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1 (1923) 28. – Leuconotis floribunda Leeuwenb., Syst. Geogr. Pl. 72 (2002) 122. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.
2. Leuconotis eugeniifolia (Wall. ex G. Don) A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 331; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 267. – Melodinus eugeniifolius Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 101. – Leuconotis cuspidata Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1849) 112. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.
3. Leuconotis griffithii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 628; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 268. – Leuconotis maingayi Dyer ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 628. – Leuconotis elastica Becc., For. Borneo (1902) 562. – Leuconotis subavenis Boerl. var. elastica (Becc.) Markgr., Blumea 19 (1971) 156. – Leuconotis griffithii Hook.f. var. sumatrana Markgr., Blumea 19 (1971) 156. – Leuconotis anceps auct. non Jack: Leeuwenb., Syst. Geogr. Pl. 72 (2002) 113, p.p. Peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.

 

MAHAWOA Schltr.

1. Mahawoa montana, Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 34: 2 (1916); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Sulawesi. = SULAWESI.

 

MARSDENIA R.Br.

1. Marsdenia celebica (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. (Boerlage) 2(2): 438 (1899). – Chlorochlamys celebica Miq. In Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavia 4: 142 (1869). Endemic to Sulawesi. SULAWESI
2. Marsdenia crocea (Zipp. ex Span.) Hook.f. ex Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. (Boerlage) 2: 438 (1899). – Pergularia crocea Zipp. ex Span. In Linnaea 15: 323 (1841). Jawa. JAWA.
3. Marsdenia klossii S.Moore., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 9(1): 112 (1916). New Guinea, Papua. PAPUA.
4. Marsdenia laurifolia (Decne.) Kloppenb., Hoya New 6(4): 8, photogrs. (2017). – Hoya laurifolia Decne. in Ann, Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 9: 272 (1838). – Cathetostemma laurifolium (Decne.) Blume in Rumphia 4:30 (1849). Nus Tenggara, Maluku. NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
5. Marsdenia mahaweeensis Kloppenb., Hoya New 5(1): 37, photogrs. (2015). Endemic  to Sulawesi. SULAWSESI
6. Marsdenia minima (P.I.Forst.) Schneidt, Liede & Meve, Phytotaxa 369(3): 172 (2018). – Tylophora minima P.I.Forst. in Austral. Syst. Bot. 7: 500 (1994). New Guinea, Papua. PAPUA.
7. Marsdenia papuana Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(1): 144 (1913). – Marsdenia verrucosa Warb., in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 410 (1891), nom. illeg. New Guinea, Papua. PAPUA.
8. Marsdenia stenocentra f., Blumea 6(2): 374 (1950). – Marsdenia villosa (Blume) Blume ex Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 493 (1857), nom. illeg. – Pergularia villosa Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1057 (1826). – Tylophora blumei Decne. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 9: 274 (1838). Jawa. JAWA.
9. Marsdenia sultanis Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40(3, Beibl. 92). Borneo. BORNEO.
10. Marsdenia tinctoria Br., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. i. (1809) 30. – Pergularia tinctoria (R.Br.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 844 (1824). – Asclepias tinctoria (R.Br.) Roxb. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 2: 43 (1832). – Pergularia parviflora Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1056 (1826). – Marsdenia akkar Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 118 (1837). – Marsdenia tagudinia Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 121 (1837). – Cynanchum tingens Buch. -Ham. ex Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 4: 34 (1883). – Marsdenia monostachya Wall. ex Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 4: 34 (1883), not validly publ. – Marsdenia tinctoria var. brevis Costantin in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 94 (1912). – Marsdenia globifera Tsiang in Sunyatsenia 3: 199 (1936). – Marsdenia tinctoria var. ryukyuensis Masam. in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 29: 60 (1939). – Marsdenia tinctoria var. tomentosa Masam. ex Tsiang & P.T.Li in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 117 (1974). Jawa, Kalimantan, Sumatera. JAWA, KALIMANTAN, SUMATRA.

 

MELODINUS J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

1. Melodinus australis (F.Muell.) Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n.s., 1: 103 (1898); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = New Guinea to Solomon and Australia. = PAPUA. = Chilocarpus australisMuell. in Fragm. 2: 90 (1860). – Melodinus chilocarpoides F.Muell. in Fragm. 6: 118 (1868), nom. illeg. superfl. – Clitandropsis crassifolia Kaneh. & Hatus. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 494 (1941). – Clitandropsis grandiflora Markgr. in Brittonia 2: 140 (1936). – Clitandropsis novoguineensis (Wernham) S.Moore ex Markgr. in Nova Guinea 14: 279 (1925). – Clitandropsis papuana S.Moore in J. Bot. 61(Suppl.): 31 (1923). – Cylindropsis novoguineensis (Wernham) S.Moore ex Markgr. in Nova Guinea 14: 279 (1926). – Melodinus gracilis (Markgr.) Markgr. in Blumea 19: 154 (1971). – Melodinus grandiflorus (Markgr.) Markgr. in Blumea 19: 154 (1971). – Melodinus novoguineensis (Wernham) Pichon in Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 24: 129 (1948). – Pseudo-willughbeia gracilis Markgr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 174 (1927). – Willughbeia novoguineensis Wernham in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 9: 108 (1916).
2. Melodinus forbesii in H.O.Forbes, Naturalist’s Wanderings E. Archipel.: 510 (1885); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Wallacea to New Guinea. = SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA. = Melodinus monogynus var. minor Hallier f. in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 17(Beih. 3): 165 (1900). – Melodinus landolphioides K.Schum. & Lauterb. in Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 500 (1900). – Neowollastonia tabernaemontanoides Wernham in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: t. 3060 (1916).
3. Melodinus orientalis Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1026; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 279. – Alyxia coriacea in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2 (1824) 541, non Melodinus coriaceus Oliv. – Hunteria coriacea Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 105. – Gynopogon coriaceus (Wall.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4, 2 (1895) 151. – Hunteria cuspidata Wall. ex A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 350. – Alyxia cuspidata Wall. ex A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 351, nom. illeg. – Chilocarpus cuspidatus Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 698, nom. illeg. – Willughbeia umbrosa Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 154; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 390. – Ancylocladus umbrosus (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 412. – Melodinus fasciculatus Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 155. – Melodinus laevigatus Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 155. – Melodinus laxiflorus Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 155. – Melodinus micranthus Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 629. – Melodinus coriaceus Oliv., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18 (1888) 1758. – Alyxia macrocarpa Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19 (1898) 622. – Melodinus citriformis King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 413. – Melodinus perakensis King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 413. – Willughbeia luzoniensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 4 (1909) 320. – Melodinus luzoniensis (Merr.) Pichon, Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 24 (1948) 129. – Chilocarpus globosus Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4 (1912) 1454. – Melodinus globosus (Elmer) Pichon, Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 24 (1948) 129. – Willughbeia pauciflora Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 3 (1913) 387. – Willughbeia ellipticifolia Quisumb. & Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 37 (1928) 194. – Melodinus ellipticifolius (Quisumb. & Merr.) Pichon, Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 24 (1948) 128. – Melodinus lancifolius Ridl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934 (1934) 123. – Melodinus kopsiifolius Markgr., Blumea 19 (1971) 153. Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Bali. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI. Photos

 

MICRECHITES Miq.

1. Micrechites archboldianus & L.M.Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 214 (1943); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Indonesian New Guinea. = PAPUA. = Ichnocarpus archboldianus (Merr. & L.M.Perry) P.I.Forst. in Austral. Syst. Bot. 5: 541 (1992).
2. Micrechites lancifolius (Hook.f.) D.J.Middleton & Livsh., Taxon 67: 355 (2018); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo. = SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN. = Vallariopsis lancifolia (Hook.f.) Woodson in Philipp. J. Sci. 60: 229 (1936). – Vallaris lancifoliaf. in Fl. Brit. India 3: 651 (1882).
3. Micrechites polyanthus (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 457; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 285. – Tabernaemontana polyantha Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1029. – Ichnocarpus polyanthus (Blume) P.I. Forst., Austral. Syst. Bot. 5 (1992) 544. – Ichnocarpus pubiflorusf., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 670. – Micrechites pubiflorus (Hook.f.) Kerr in Craib, Fl. Siam. 2 (1939) 462. – Micrechites ellipticus Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 671. – Micrechites baillonii Pierre, Rev. Cultures Colon. 11 (1902) 229. – Ichnocarpus baillonii (Pierre) Lý, Feddes Repert. 97 (1986) 675. – Micrechites ellipticus Hook.f. var. scortechinii King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 505. – Micrechites scortechinii (King & Gamble) Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79 (1918) 95. – Micrechites radicans Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61 (1927) 205. – Ichnocarpus radicans Wall., Numer. List. 1676 (1829), nom. nud. – Micrechites ferrugineus Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1260. – Micrechites lachnocarpus Tsiang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 9 (1939) 22. – Micrechites rehderianus Tsiang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 9 (1939) 23. – Ichnocarpus himalaicus T. Yamaz., J. Jap. Bot. 46, 2 (1971) 49. – Micrechites malipoensis Tsiang & P.T. Li var. parvifolius Tsiang & P.T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11 (1973) 383. India east to Indochina, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN.
4. Micrechites rhombifolius, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 206 (1927); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Central Malesia to Solomon Islands. = SULAWESI, MALUKU, PAPUA. = Ichnocarpus rhombifolius (Markgr.) D.J.Middleton in Blumea 39: 84 (1994). – Ichnocarpus salomonensis C.T.White in J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 112 (1950). – LamEchites schlechteri Markgr. in Nova Guinea 14: 290 (1925). – MicrEchites rhombifolius var. lanceolatus Markgr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 206 (1927).
5. Micrechites serpyllifolius (Blume) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 246; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 287. – Ficus serpyllifolia Blume, Bijdr. 1 (1825) 443. – Ichnocarpus serpyllifolius (Blume) P.I. Forst., Austral. Syst. Bot. 5 (1992) 539. – Otopetalum micranthum, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 400. – Micrechites micranthus (Miq.) Hallier f., Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anst. 17, Beih. 3 (1900) 156. – Ecdysanthera schrieckii Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. in Van Heurck, Observ. Bot. (1871) 191. – Micrechites schrieckii (Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.) Rolfe, J. Bot. 23 (1885) 214. – Trachelospermum philippinense Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2 (1908) 488. – Micrechites furcatus Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79 (1918) 95. – Micrechites brachypetalus Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79 (1918) 96. – Micrechites tenuifolius Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79 (1918) 96. – Micrechites polyanthus auct. non Miq.: King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 504. Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI. Photos

 

MYRIOPTERON Griff.

1. Myriopteron extensum (Wight) K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 215 (1895); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = South to East Asia and Java. = JAVA. = Streptocaulon extensum Wight in Contr. Bot. India: 65 (1834). – Jenkinsia cristata ex Voigt in Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 544 (1845). – Myriopteron horsfieldii (Miq.) Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 4: 11 (1883). – Myriopteron paniculatum Griff. in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 385 (1844). – Streptocaulon extensum var. paniculatum (Griff.) Kurz in Forest Fl. Burma 2: 198 (1877). – Streptocaulon horsfieldii Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 470 (1857). – Vicarya cristata Wall. ex Voigt in Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 544 (1845).

 

OCHROSIA Juss.

1. Ochrosia acuminata Trimen ex Valeton (1895) 231, pl. xxii; Pichon (1947) 209; HENDRIAN, Blumea 49: 108 (2004). – Neisosperma acuminata (Trimen ex Valeton) Fosberg & Sachet (1977) 28. – Neisosperma acuminata (Trimen ex Valeton) Fosberg & Sachet var. acuminata; Markgr. (1979) 244. – Lactaria acuminata (Trimen ex Valeton) Koidz. (1923) 51. Malesia: Indonesia (Sulawesi). SULAWESI.
2. Ochrosia ackeringae (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno–Batavi 4 (1869) 138; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 292. – Lactaria ackeringae Teijsm. & Binn., Tijdschr. Ned. -Indië 29 (1867) 249. – Bleekeria ackeringae (Teijsm. & Binn.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37 (1923) 52. – Ochrosia ackeringae (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. var. angustifolia Baker f., Monogr. Christmas Isl. (1900) 182. – Ochrosia littoralis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 4 (1909) 315. – Bleekeria littoralis (Merr.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37 (1923) 52. – Excavatia litoralis (Merr.) Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61 (1927) 194. – Lactaria calocarpa auct. non Hassk.: Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 415 (as kalocarpa). – Sumatra east to New Guinea, Australia, and Solomon Islands. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI. Photos
3. Ochrosia basistamina Hendrian, Blumea 49: 121 (2004). Malesia: Indonesia (Sulawesi). SULAWESI.
4. Ochrosia citrodora Lauterb. & K. Schum. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. (1901) 504; Markgr. (1927) 190; Pichon (1947) 211 (as ‘O. citriodora’); HENDRIAN, Blumea 49: 110 (2004). – Neisosperma citrodora (Lauterb. & K. Schum.) Fosberg & Sachet (1977) 29; Markgr. (1979) 245. – Paralstonia clusiacea auct. non Baill.: Markgr. (1926) 283. Malesia: Indonesia (West Papua), Papua New Guinea. PAPUA.
5. Ochrosia coccinea (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. (1869) 138; F. Muell. (1871) 131; Valeton (1895) 230; Pichon (1947) 208; Fosberg, Boiteau & Sachet (1977) 25; Markgr. (1979) 239; HENDRIAN, Blumea 49: 119 (2004). – Lactaria coccinea Teijsm. & Binn. (1867) 249. – Bleekeria coccinea (Teijsm. & Binn.) Koidz. (1923) 52. – Excavatia coccinea (Teijsm. & Binn.) Markgr. (1927) 195. In Malesia: Indonesia (Moluccas and West Papua), and Papua New Guinea (East Sepik, Morobe). MALUKU, PAPUA.
6. Ochrosia ficifolia (S. Moore) Markgr. (1927) 190; Pichon (1947) 211; HENDRIAN, Blumea 49: 111 (2004). – Alstonia ficifolia S. Moore (1923) 32. – Neisosperma ficifolia (S. Moore) Fosberg & Sachet in Fosberg, Boiteau & Sachet (1977) 29; Markgr. (1979) 244. – Ochrosia rudis Markgr. (1927) 189; Pichon (1947) 211. – Neisosperma rudis (Markgr.) Fosberg & Sachet in Fosberg, Boiteau & Sachet (1977) 31. Malesia: Indonesia (West Papua), Papua New Guinea. PAPUA.
7. Ochrosia glomerata (Blume) F. Muell. (1871) 130; Valeton (1895) 233; Markgr. (1927) 191; Merr. & L.M. Perry (1943) 213; Pichon (1947) 209; H. St. John (1973) 280; HENDRIAN, Blumea 49: 113 (2004). – Pseudochrosia glomerata Blume (1850) 158; K. Schum. (1888) 214; (1895) 156. – Neisosperma glomerata (Blume) Fosberg & Sachet in Fosberg, Boiteau & Sachet (1977) 29; Markgr. (1979) 246. – Lactaria glomerata (Blume) Koidz. (1923) 51. In Malesia: Malaysia (Borneo: Sabah), Philippines (Luzon, Palawan, Mindanao, Sibuyan, Mindoro, Negros) and Indonesia (North Sulawesi, Moluccas, West Papua). Also found in Solomon Islands. SULAWESI, MALUKU, PAPUA. Photos
8. Ochrosia oppositifolia (Lam.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4, 2 (1895) 156; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 299; K. Schum. & Lauterb. (1901) 504; Merr. (1923) 330; Pichon (1947) 211; Guillaumin (1948) 293; Boiteau, L. Allorge & Sevenet (1972) 629; H. St. John (1973) 280; Leeuwenb. (1987) 51; D.J. Middleton (1999) 65; HENDRIAN, Blumea 49: 11 (2004). – Cerbera oppositifolia Lam., Encycl. 1 (1783) 62. – Neisosperma oppositifolia (Lam.) Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica 8 (1972) 48 (as Neiosperma). – Lactaria oppositifolia (Lam.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 415. – Calpicarpum oppositifolium (Lam.) Boiteau in Boiteau et al., Adansonia sér. 2, 14 (1974) 495. – Cerbera salutaris Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1 (1790) 136. – Lactaria salubris Rumph. ex Raf., Sylva Telur. (1838) 162. – Ochrosia salubris (Raf.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 158. – Bleekeria salubris (Raf.) Hassk., Retzia (1855) 41, superfl. name. – Calpicarpum lamarkii G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1838) 100, nom. illeg. – Kopsia lamarkii B.D. Jacks., Index Kew. 2 (1895) 12, misapplied name. – Cerbera platyspermos Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. (1791) 193. – Ochrosia platyspermos (Gaertn.) A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 356. – Ochrosion platyspermum (Gaertn.) St. -Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7 (1880) 131, nom. nud. – Neisosperma muricata Raf., Sylva Telur. (1838) 162, nom.illeg. – Ochrosia cowleyi F.M. Bailey, Queensland Agric. J. 1 (1897) 299. – Paralstonia platyphylla Merr. ex E.E. Schneid., Bull. Bur. Forest. Philipp. Islands 14 (1916) 204, nom. nud. – Ochrosia elliptica auct. non Labill.: K. Schum. & Hollrung, Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land (1889) 112. – Ochrosia borbonica auct. non J.F. Gmel.: Trimen, Fl. Ceylon (1895) 129, pl. lx. – Ochrosia parviflora auct. non (G. Forst.) Hensl.: Markgr.: Nova Guinea 14, 2 (1926) 283. S Asia east to the Pacific. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, MALUKU, PAPUA.
9. Ochrosia syncarpa Markgr. (1979) 237; HENDRIAN, Blumea 49: 120 (2004). Malesia: Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara). NUSA TENGGARA.
10. Ochrosia tenimberensis Markgr. (1979) 239; HENDRIAN, Blumea 49: 121 (2004). Malesia: Indonesia (Moluccas). MALUKU.

 

OXYSTELMA R.Br.

1. Oxystelma esculentum (L.f.) Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 25: n.° 1 (1813); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Tropical Old World. = JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA. = Asclepias rosea in Hort. Bengal.: 20 (1814), nom. illeg. superfl. – Periploca esculenta L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 168 (1782). – Sarcostemma esculentum (L.f.) R.Holm in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 37: 482 (1950). – Marsdenia brockmaniana W.Fitzg. in J. Proc. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 197 (1918). – Oxystelma alpini Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 543 (1844). – Oxystelma esculentum Wall. ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 543 (1844), not validly publ. – Oxystelma esculentum var. alpini (Decne.) N.E.Br. in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: 382 (1904). – Oxystelma esculentum var. wallichii (Wight) T.Cooke in Fl. Bombay 2: 153 (1904). – Oxystelma secamone var. wallichii (Wight) M.A.Rahman & Wilcock in Blumea 34: 520 (1990). – Oxystelma wallichii Wight in Contr. Bot. India: 54 (1834). – Oxystelma zippelianum Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1053 (1826). – Secamone aegyptiaca W.T.Aiton in Hortus Kew., ed. 2. 2: 75 (1811).

 

PAPUECHITES Markgr.

1. Papuechites aambe (Warb.) Markgr., Nova Guinea 14: 288 (1925); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Maluku to New Guinea. = MALUKU, PAPUA. = Anodendron aambe in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 454 (1891). – Ichnocarpus bertieroides Wernham ex S.Moore in J. Bot. 61(Suppl.): 33 (1923). – Strophanthus aambe Warb. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 407 (1891).

 

PARSONSIA R.Br.

1. Parsonsia alboflavescens (Dennst.) Mabb., Taxon 26 (1977) 532; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 313. – Periploca alboflavescens, Schlüssel Hortus Malab. (1818) 12, 23, 35. – Echites laevigatus Moon, Cat. Pl. Ceylon (1824) 20. – Parsonsia laevigata (Moon) Alston, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 11 (1929) 203. – Cudicia gyrandra Buch. -Ham. ex Dillwyn, Index Hort. Malab. (1839) 41. – Apocynum vincifolium Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (1768) 71. – Helygia javanica Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1043. – Heligme javanica Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 429. – sphalm. – Parsonsia javanica (Blume) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4, 2 (1895) 184. – Parsonsia acuminata Wall., Numer. List 1634 (1829), nom. nud. – Parsonsia pauciflora Wall., Numer. List 1635 (1829), nom. nud. – Echites spiralis Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 110. – Parsonsia confusa Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 1, Suppl. (1906) 118. – Parsonsia oblonga Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 80. – Parsonsia spiralis Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 80. – Heligme spiralis (Wall. ex G.Don) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (1860) 193. – Parsonsia helicandra Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. (1837) 197. – Cudicia trichotoma Buch. Ham. ex Dillwyn, Index Hort. Malab. (1839) 41. – Heligme rheedei Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4 (1848) t. 1303, nom. illeg. – Parsonsia rheedei Fern. Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 130, nom. illeg. – Chaetosus volubilis Benth., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 226. – Parsonsia cumingiana A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 402. – Aganosma concanensis Hook., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 5 (1851) t. 841. – Heligme korthalsiana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 429. – Parsonsia korthalsiana (Miq.) Boerl., Hand. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2, 2 (1899) 397. – Heligme minahassae Teijsm. & Binn., Tijdschr. Ned. -Indië 25 (1863) 404. – Parsonsia minahassae (Teijsm. & Binn.) Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19 (1898) 531. – Heligme rheedei Wight var. macrocarpa Teijsm. & Binn., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (1866) 127, nom. nud. – Lyonsia viridiflora F.M. Bailey, Queensland Agric. J. 3 (1898) 156. – Parsonsia kunstleri King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 457. – Parsonsia oblancifolia Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 7 (1912) 335. – Parsonsia magnifolia Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8 (1919) 3071. – Lyonsia sumatrana Ridl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1925 (1925) 84. – Parsonsia oblongifolia Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 27 (1925) 50. – Parsonsia longipedunculata Merr., Pl. Elmer. Born. (1929) 255. – Parsonsia aterinervia Elmer ex Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3 (1923) 338, in obs. Elmer ex Merr., Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 10 (1939) 3695. – Parsonsia panniculata Pichon, Notul. Syst. (Paris), ed. Humbert 14 (1950) 16. India to S China and Taiwan, throughout Malesia to Australia and Solomon Islands. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA. Photos
2. Parsonsia apiculata (Bakh.f.) D.J.Middleton, Blumea 42: 200 (1997); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Java to Lesser Sunda Islands. = JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA. = Grisseea apiculataf. in Blumea 6: 392 (1950).
3. Parsonsia buruensis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 397 (1899); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Maluku and New Guinea. = MALUKU, PAPUA. = Heligme buruensis & Binn. in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 25: 405 (1863).
4. Parsonsia celebica (Oliv.) Sleesen, Nova Guinea, n.s., 9: 341 (1958); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, and Sulawesi. = KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI. = Lyonsia celebica in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 99 (1876).
5. Parsonsia constrictaJ.Middleton, Blumea 42: 207 (1997); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Indonesian New Guinea. = PAPUA.
6. Parsonsia curvisepalaSchum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 215 (1887); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Peninsular Malaysia and Wallacea to New Guinea. = SULAWESI, PAPUA. = Aganosma apoensis Elmer in Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1445 (1912). – Lyonsia mollissima Wernham in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 9: 109 (1916). – Parsonsia apoensis (Elmer) Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci., C 9: 384 (1914). – Parsonsia cyathocalyx Markgr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 220 (1927). – Parsonsia dallmannensis Kaneh. & Hatus. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 498 (1941). – Parsonsia mollissima (Wernham) Markgr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 220 (1927). – Parsonsia stenocarpa King & Gamble in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 458 (1908). – Parsonsia urdanetensis Elmer in Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 10: 3696 (1939), without a Latin descr. – Parsonsia verticillata K.Schum. in K.M.Schumann & C.A.G.Lauterbach, Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 351 (1905).
7. Parsonsia flavescens & L.M.Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 216 (1943); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = New Guinea. = PAPUA.
8. Parsonsia grandifloraJ.Middleton, Blumea 42: 213 (1997); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Maluku Archipelago: Bacan. = MALUKU.
9. Parsonsia lata, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 221 (1927); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Maluku to Solomon Islands. = MALUKU, PAPUA. = Lyonsia mollis Warb. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 406 (1891).
10. Parsonsia marginata, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 215 (1927); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = New Guinea. = PAPUA.
11. Parsonsia novoguineensisJ.Middleton, Blumea 42: 218 (1997); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = New Guinea. = PAPUA.
12. Parsonsia philippinensis, Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 310 (1920 publ. 1921); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Thailand to Wallacea. = JAVA, KALIMANTAN. = Parsonsia paniculiformis Bakh.f. in C.A.Backer & R.C.Bakhuizen van der Brink, Bekn. Fl. Java 7(172): 47 (1948), without a Latin descr. – Parsonsia siamensis Kerr in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 89 (1937).
13. Parsonsia rubra & Hatus., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 500 (1941); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Maluku to New Guinea. = MALUKU, PAPUA.
14. Parsonsia sanguinea (Wernham) Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 215 (1927); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = New Guinea. = PAPUA.
15. Parsonsia sundensisJ.Middleton, Blumea 42: 235 (1997); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands. = NUSA TENGGARA.
16. Parsonsia tenuifloraJ.Middleton, Blumea 42: 237 (1997); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Indonesian New Guinea. = PAPUA.
17. Parsonsia vaccinioides (Markgr.) Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 216 (1927); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Indonesian New Guinea. = PAPUA. = Lyonsia vaccinioides in Nova Guinea 14: 290 (1925).
18. Parsonsia velutinaBr., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 466 (1810); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Wallacea to New Guinea and Australia. = NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA. = Echites velutinus (R.Br.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 634 (1824). – Parsonsia nesophila F.M.Bailey in Queensland Agric. J. 1: 229 (1897). – Parsonsia quinquebullata Sleesen in Nova Guinea, n.s., 9: 342 (1958).
19. Parsonsia warenensis & Hatus., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 502 (1941); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = New Guinea. = PAPUA.

 

PHYLLANTHERA Blume

1. Phyllanthera bifida Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1048 (1826); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Java. = JAVA. = Cryptolepis bifida (Blume) P.I.Forst. in Austrobaileya 4: 69 (1993). – Periploca bifida (Blume) D.Dietr. in Syn. Plant. 2: 883 (1840).
2. Phyllanthera lancifolia (P.I.Forst.) Venter, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 566 (2001); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = New Guinea. = PAPUA. = Cryptolepis lancifoliaI.Forst. in Blumea 35: 381 (1991).
3. Phyllanthera sumatrana (Blume) Venter, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 566 (2001); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Sumatra to Peninsular Malaysia. = SUMATRA. = Pentanura sumatrana Blume in Mus. Bot. 1: 125 (1850).

 

POTTSIA Hook. & Arn.

1. Pottsia laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 416; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 345. – Vallaris laxiflora Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1043. – Teysmannia laxiflora (Blume) Miq.,Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. 6 (1857) 194. – Pottsia cantonensis Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. (1837) 199. – Pottsia hookeriana Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4 (1848) t. 1306bis. – Teysmannia hookeriana (Wight) Miq., Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. 6 (1857) 194. – Euthodon paniculata Griff., Notul. Pl. Asiat. 4 (1854) 84. – Pottsia inodora Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1178. – Parsonsia ovata Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 80. – Pottsia ovata (Wall. ex G. Don) A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 442. India east to Indochina, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Bali. SUMATRA, JAVA.

 

RAUVOLFIA L.

1. Rauvolfia amsoniifolia A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 338; Hemsl., Bot. Chall. Exp. 3 (1885) 163;Warb., Bot. Jahrb. 13 (1891) 404; Boerl., Handl. 2 (1899) 393; Merr., For. Bur. Bull. 1 (1903) 49; Enum. Philipp. Flow. PI. 3 (1923) 329; K. Heyne, Nutt. PI. Ned. Ind.,ed. 2 (1927) 1285;Quisumb., Med. PI. Philipp. (1951)736; Markgr., Blumea30 (1984); Hendrian & David J. Middleton, Blumea 44 (1999) 451. – Cyrtosiphonia amsoniifolia (A. DC.) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 402. Malesia; Indonesia (S Sulawesi, E Nusa Tenggara and Maluku), Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Marinduque, Masbate and Mindanao). SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.
2. Rauvolfia javanica Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Kennis Boomsoorten Java 1 (1894) 91; Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 11 (1894) 81; Exk. Fl. Java 3(1912)74; Fl. Tjibodas 3, 3 (1918) 57; Boerl., Handl. 2 (1899) 393;Koord. Schum., Syst. Verz. 1 (1912) 174; Rendle, J. Bot. 63 (1925) suppl. 67; K. Heyne, Nutt. PI. Ned. Ind., ed. 2 (1927) 1285; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 231; Markgr., Blumea 30 (1984) 164; Hendrian & David J. Middleton, Blumea 44 (1999) 453. Malesia: Indonesia (S Sumatra, Java, and Nusa Tenggara). SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.
3. Rauvolfia kamarora Hendrian, Blumea 44 (1999) 454. Malesia: Indonesia (C Sulawesi). SULAWESI.
4. Rauvolfia moluccana Markgr., Blumea 30 (1984) 163; Hendrian & David J. Middleton, Blumea 44 (1999) 456. Malesia: Indonesia (Maluku and Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea. MALUKU, PAPUA.
5. Rauvolfia oligantha Hendrian, Blumea 44 (1999) 457. Malesia: Indonesia (C Java). JAVA.
6. Rauvolfia rostrata Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. 61 (1928) 188; Kaneh. & Hatus., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 55 (1941) 504; Markgr.. Blumea 30 (1984) 163; Hendrian & David J. Middleton, Blumea 44 (1999) 459. – Rauvolfia amsoniifolia auct. non. DC.: Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. 61 (1928) 188. Malesia: Indonesia (Maluku and Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea. MALUKU, PAPUA.
7. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, For. Fl. Br. Burma 2 (1877) 171; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 632; Boerl., Handl. 2 (1899) 393; Koord., Exk. Fl. Java 3 (1912) 74; Koord. -Schum., Syst. Verz. (1912) 175; Merr., Int. Rumph. (1917) 430; Enum. Born. (1921) 499; K. Heyne, Nutt. PI. Ned. Ind., ed. 2 (1927) 1286; Kerr, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2 (1939) 430; Bakh.f., Blumea 6 (1950) 386; Monach.,Econ. Bot. 8 (1954) 349; Backer& Bakh. f„ Fl. Java 2 (1965)231; Markgr., Blumea 30 (1984) 161; Hendrian & David J. Middleton, Blumea 44 (1999) 460. – Ophioxylon serpentinum L.,Sp.Pl. (1753) 1043. – Ophioxylon trifoliatum Gaertn., Fruct. 2 (1791) 129, t. 109. – Rauvolfia trifoliata (Gaertn.) Baill., Hist. PI. 10 (1891) 171, in adnot. – Ophioxylon obversum Miq., FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 405. – Rauvolfia obversa (Miq.) Baill., Hist. PL 10 (1891) 171, in adnot. – Rauvolfia obversa (Miq.) Koord., Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. 60 (1900) 243, superfl. comb. – Rauvolfia serpentina var. obversa (Miq.) Bakh.f., Blumea 6 (1950) 386. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam. In Malesia: Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia); Indonesia(Java and Nusa Tenggara). JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA. Photos
8. Rauvolfia sumatrana Jack, Mal. Misc. 1, 5 (1820) 22; G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1838) 99; A.DC., Prod. 8 (1844) 337; Hassk., Flora 28 (1845) 263 (= 295);Forbes, Wand. (1885) 510; Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Kennis Boomsoorten Java 1 (1894) 93; Boerl., Handl. 2 (1899) 393; King & Gamble, J. As. Soc. Beng. 74,2 (1907) 424;Koord., Exk. Fl. Java 3 (1912) 75; Koord. Schum., Syst. Verz. 1 (1912) 176;Ridl.,FL Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 336; K. Heyne, Nutt. PI. Ned. Ind., ed. 2 (1927) 1287; Hend., J. Mal. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 17 (1939) 57; Kerr, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2 (1939) 431; Markgr., Blumea 30 (1984) 167; Hendrian & David J. Middleton, Blumea 44 (1999) 462. – Cyrtosiphonia sumatrana (Jack) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 401;Fl. Ind. Bat.,Suppl. 1 (1861) 228. – Rauvolfia sumatrana var. longifolia Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1034; Koord. & Valeton,Bijdr. Kennis Boomsoorten Java 1 (1894) 94. – Rauvolfia reflexa Teijsm. & Binn., Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 3 (1852) 329; Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Kennis Boomsoorten Java 1 (1894) 89; Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 11 (1894) 81; Boerl., Handl. 2 (1899) 393; Koord. Schum.,Syst. Verz. 1 (1912) 175; K. Heyne, Nutt. PI. Ned. Ind., ed. 2 (1927) 1286; Bakh.f., Blumea 6 (1950) 386; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 251; Whitmore, Mal. For. Rec. 26 (1971)26; Tree Fl. Mal. 2 (1973)21; Markgr., Blumea 30 (1984) 164. – Cyrtosiphonia reflexa (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 402, syn. nov. – Cyrtosiphonia spectabilis Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 402; Fl. Ind. Bat., Suppl. 1 (1861) 228. – Rauvolfia spectabilis (Miq.) Boerl.,Handl. 2 (1899) 393; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 231. – Cyrtosiphonia madurensis Teijsm. & Binn., Cat. Hort. Bog. (1866) 125. – Rauvolfia madurensis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Boerl., Handl. 2 (1899) 393. – Rauvolfia madurensis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Burck ex Koord. -Schum., Syst. Verz. 1 (1912) 174, superfl. comb. – Rauvolfia samarensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 4 (1900) 316, syn. nov; Enum. Philipp. Flow. PI. 3 (1923) 329;PI.Elm. Born. (1929)254; Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. 61 (1928) 189;Blumea 30 (1984) 165. – Rauvolfia palawanensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4 (1912) 1462. Burma, Thailand. In Malesia: Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo), Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Borneo, Sulawesi and Maluku), Philippines (Luzon, Samar, Leyte, Panay, Mindanaoand Palawan). SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, MALUKU. Photos
9. Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.)Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1 (1888) 768; Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 2 (1934) 109; Merr., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n.s. 24 (1935) 312; Monach., Econ. Bot. 8 (1954) 358; Whitmore,Tree Fl. Mal. 2 (1973) 21; Markgr., Blumea 30 (1984) 160; Hendrian & David J. Middleton, Blumea 44 (1999) 464. – Dissolena vertcillata Lour.,Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 137. – Cerbera chinensis Spreng.,Syst. 1 (1825)642, nom. illeg. – Ophioxylon maius Hassk., Flora 28 (1845) 263 bis (= 265). – Rauvolfia maior (Hassk.) G. Nicholson, Diet. Gard. 3 (1886) 279. – Hunteria sundana Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 409. – Hunteria sundana var. minor Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 409. – Ophioxylon chinensis Hance, J. Bot. 3 (1865) 380. – Rauvolfia chinensis (Hance) Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1889) 95. – Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz var. gracilis Stapf, Trans. Linn. Soc. II, Bot. 4 (1894) 207. – Rauvolfia perakensis King & Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 19 (1907) 424; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 335. – Rauvolfia membranacea Merr.,Philipp. J. Sci. 14 (1919) 449. – Rauvolfia loheri Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 27 (1925) 50. – Tabernaemontana cylindraca Steud., Nom. ed. 2, 2 (1841) 658, nom.nud., based on Wallich 4451 (K–W). – Rauvolfia serpentina auct. non Benth. ex Kurz: Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. II, Bot. 3 (1893) 319. India, Sri Lanka, Laos, Burma, Thailand, China (type), Taiwan, Laos, Cambodia,Vietnam. In Malesia: Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo); Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, Sulawesi and NusaTenggara); Philippines (Luzon). SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA. Photos

 

SARCOLOBUS R.Br.

1. Sarcolobus borneensis (Steenis) P.I.Forst., Austral. Syst. Bot. 6: 355 (1993); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Borneo. = KALIMANTAN. = Dorystephania borneensis Steenis in Rheophytes World: 201 (1981).
2. Sarcolobus retususSchum. in K.M.Schumann & U.M.Hollrung, Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land: 109 (1889); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Wallacea to New Caledonia. = SULAWESI, MALUKU, PAPUA. = Sarcolobus ciliolatus Warb. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 408 (1891). – Sarcolobus lifuensis Guillaumin in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 929 (1927 publ. 1928). – Sarcolobus quinquangularis Schltr. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 309 (1907). – Sarcolobus submucronatus Warb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 309 (1907). – Sarcolobus sulphureus (Volkens) Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 160 (1913). – Tylophora sulphurea Volkens in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 31: 473 (1901).

 

SECAMONE R.Br

1. Secamone auriculata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1051 (1826); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Java, Borneo, Queensland. = JAVA, KALIMANTAN. = Toxocarpus auriculatus (Blume) Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 505 (1844). = Toxocarpus longipetalus in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 256 (1929).
2. Secamone axillaris Blumea 51: 589 (2006). Sulawesi (Kendari). SULAWESI.
3. Secamone blumei in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 502 (1844); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Borneo to Wallacea. = JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI. = Genianthus ellipticus (Blume) Bakh.f. in C.A.Backer, Bekn. Fl. Java 8a(173): 26 (1949). – Leptadenia elliptica Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1066 (1826). – Genianthus syringifolius (Schltr.) Tsiang in Sunyatsenia 4: 60 (1939). – Secamone syringifolia Schltr. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 538 (1915).
4. Secamone celebica Blumea 51: 591 (2006). Salajar Island in the southern part of the Sulawesi group. SULAWESI.
5. Secamone coronata, Blumea 55: 234 (2010); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Indonesian Borneo. = KALIMANTAN.
6. Secamone ellipticaBr., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 464 (1810); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Mainland S and E Asia to Australia. = JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA. = ≡ subsp. elliptica = As the species. = JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA. = Cynanchum dichasiale O.Schwarz in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 94 (1927). – Secamone attenuata Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 501 (1844). – Secamone bonii Costantin in H.Lecomte (ed.), Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 43 (1912). – Secamone caudata Pierre ex Costantin in H.Lecomte (ed.), Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 44 (1912). – Secamone ferruginea Pierre ex Costantin in H.Lecomte (ed.), Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 44 (1912). – Secamone finlaysonii Wight in Contr. Bot. India: 61 (1834). – Secamone flavida Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 89 (1913). – Secamone insularis Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 243 (1906), nom. illeg. homonym. post. – Secamone insularis var. angusta Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 244 (1906). – Secamone lanceolata Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1051 (1826). – Secamone likiangensis Tsiang in Sunyatsenia 4: 57 (1939). – Secamone micrantha (Decne.) Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 501 (1844). – Secamone multiflora Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 501 (1844). – Secamone neocaledonica Bullock in Kew Bull. 15: 396 (1961 publ. 1962), nom. illeg. – Secamone neocaledonica Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 90 (1913). – Secamone ovata R.Br. in Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 464 (1810). – Secamone papuana Warb. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 206 (1893). – Secamone sinica Hand.-Mazz. in Symb. Sin. 7: 997 (1936). – Tylophora micrantha Decne. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 377 (1835 publ. 1836).
7. Secamone griffithii (Decne.) Klack., Blumea 55: 239 (2010); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, and Java. = JAVA. = Toxocarpus griffithii in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 505 (1844). = Toxocarpus roxburghii Griff. in Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 68 (1854), nom. illeg. homonym. post.
8. Secamone insularis, Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 557 (1861); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Sumatra: Sangiang Island. = SUMATRA.
9. Secamone kjellbergii Blumea 51: 595 (2006). Sulawesi. SULAWESI.
10. Secamone lineata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1051 (1826); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Java, Bismarck Archipelago, and northern Queensland. = JAVA. = Toxocarpus lineatus (Blume) Boerl. in Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 436 (1899). – Secamone amygdalina in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 25(II): 313 (1852). – Toxocarpus orientalis Schltr. in K.M.Schumann & C.A.G.Lauterbach, Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 353 (1905).
11. Secamone longituba, Blumea 55: 234 (2010); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Indonesian Borneo: E Kalimantan. = KALIMANTAN.
12. Secamone macrophylla Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1050 (1826); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to West Java. = JAVA. = Genianthus macrophyllus (Blume) Boerl. in Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 436 (1899). – Toxocarpus macrophyllus (Blume) Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 505 (1844).
13. Secamone maritima Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1050 (1826); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Borneo and Wallacea. = JAVA, KALIMANTAN. = Finlaysonia maritima (Blume) Backer ex K.Heyne in Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 2. 2: 1293 (1927). – Toxocarpus maritimus (Blume) Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 476 (1857). – Toxocarpus elmeri in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 257 (1929).
14. Secamone rhopalophora (Backer) Klack., Blumea 55: 239 (2010); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Java. = JAVA. = Toxocarpus rhopalophorus Backer in Blumea 6: 371 (1950).
15. Secamone truncatiloba Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 52: 17 (2024); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Indonesian Borneo. = KALIMANTAN. = Genianthus valvatus in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 117: 442 (1995).
16. Secamone variicolor Blumea 51: 593 (2006). Sulawesi. SULAWESI.

 

STEPHANOTIS Thouars

1. Stephanotis volubilis (L.f.) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve, Taxon 71: 864 (2022); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = South to East Asia and Wallacea. = JAVA. = Asclepias volubilis L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 170 (1782). – Dregea viridiflora-Vill. in F.M.Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 3. 4(13A): 134 (1880), nom. illeg. superfl. – Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 4: 46 (1883). – Dregea volubilis var. viridiflora (Hassk.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 419 (1891). – Hoya viridiflora R.Br. in Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 459 (1810), nom. illeg. superfl. – Hoya volubilis (L.f.) Griff. in Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 39 (1854). – Marsdenia volubilis (L.f.) T.Cooke in Fl. Bombay 2: 166 (1904). – Wattakaka viridiflora Hassk. in Flora 40: 99 (1857), nom. illeg. superfl. – Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.) Stapf in Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8976 (1923). – Apocynum tiliifolium Lam. in Encycl. 1: 214 (1783). – Asclepias viridiflora Roxb. ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 573 (1844), not validly publ. – Cynanchum viridiflorum Ker Gawl. ex Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 852 (1824), nom. illeg. homonym. post. – Dregea angustifolia (Hook.f.) Santapau & Irani in Bot. Mem. Univ. Bombay 4: 41 (1962). – Dregea formosana T.Yamaz. in J. Jap. Bot. 43: 219 (1968). – Dregea lanceolata (T.Cooke) Santapau & Wagh in Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 106 (1964). – Dregea pubescens (Miq.) Boerl. in Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 438 (1899). – Dregea volubilis var. angustifolia Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 4: 47 (1883). – Dregea volubilis var. glabra Costantin in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 116 (1912). – Dregea volubilis var. lacuna (Buch.-Ham. ex Wight) Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 4: 47 (1883). – Hoya carnosa var. formosana (T.Yamaz.) S.S.Ying in Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 6: 400 (1998). – Hoya formosana T.Yamaz. in J. Jap. Bot. 43: 223 (1968). – Hoya lacuna Buch.-Ham. ex Wight in Contr. Bot. India: 39 (1834). – Marsdenia lanceolata T.Cooke in Fl. Bombay 2: 167 (1904). – Marsdenia volubilis var. angustifolia (Hook.f.) Blatt. & McCann in J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36: 532 (1933). – Marsdenia volubilis var. lacuna (Buch.-Ham. ex Wight) V.S.Kumar & Karthik. in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 45: 18 (2021). – Schollia volubilis J.Jacq. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 414 (1821), not validly publ. – Tylophora macrantha Hance in J. Bot. 20: 79 (1882). – Wattakaka angustifolia (Hook.f.) S.D.Deshp. in S.Deshpande, B.D.Sharma & M.P.Nayar, Fl. Mahabaleshwar 1: 369 (1993). – Wattakaka lanceolata (T.Cooke) Kerr in W.G.Craib, Fl. Siam. 3(1): 34 (1951). – Wattakaka pubescens Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 496 (1857). – Wattakaka volubilis var. glabra (Costantin) Tsiang in Sunyatsenia 2: 202 (1934). – Wattakaka volubilis var. lacuna (Buch.-Ham. ex Wight) M.A.Rahman & Wilcock in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 13: 183 (1989).

 

STROPHANTHUS DC.

1. Strophanthus caudatus (L.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 46 (1877) 257; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 362. – Echites caudatus L., Mant. Pl. 1 (1767) 52. – Strophanthus dichotomus DC., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 3 (1802) 123. – Nerium scandens Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 143. – Strophanthus scandens (Lour.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4 (1819) 412. – Strophanthus dichotomus DC. var. loureri A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 417. – Strophanthus terminalis Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 56. – Strophanthus caudatus (L.) Kurz forma undulata Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. sér. 3, 5 (1893) 265. – Strophanthus cumingii A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 418. – Strophanthus longicaudatus Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4 (1848) t. 1299. – Strophanthus griffithii Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4 (1848) t. 1300. – Strophanthus horsfieldianus Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 442. – Strophanthus dichotomus DC. var. luzoniensis D. Vidal, Sin. Gen. Pl. Leños Filip. (1883) 1181, t. 67. – Strophanthus caudatus (L.) Kurz var. javanensis Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. sér. 3, 5 (1893) 264. – Strophanthus caudatus (L.) Kurz var. billardieri Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. sér. 3, 5 (1893) 265. – Strophanthus caudatus (L.) Kurz var. macrophyllus Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. sér. 3, 5 (1893) 265. – Strophanthus macrophyllus (Franch.) Pierre, Bull. Soc. Bot. France (1905) 491. – Strophanthus caudatus (L.) Kurz var. lanceolatus Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3, 5 (1893) 266. – Strophanthus pierrei Heim, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2 (1894) 1151. – Strophanthus giganteus Pierre, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52 (1905) 491. – Strophanthus caudatus (L.) Kurz var. giganteus (Pierre) Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3 (1933) 1200. – Strophanthus erectus Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 3 (1908) 261. – Strophanthus letei Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 29 (1926) 484. Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, PAPUA. Photos
2. Strophanthus puberulus Pax, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 378 (1892); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumbawa. = NUSA TENGGARA.
3. Strophanthus singaporianus (Wall. ex G.Don) Gilg in H.G.A.Engler, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 7: 11 (1903); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. = KALIMANTAN. = Cercocoma singaporiana ex G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 83 (1837). = Strophanthus brevicaudatus Wight in Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: t. 1302 (1848). – Strophanthus singaporianus f. hirtellus Monach. in Phytologia 3: 479 (1951).

 

TABERNAEMONTANA L.

1. Tabernaemontana antheonycta Leeuwenb. Revis. Tabernaemontana 1:117 (1991). Borneo. BORNEO.
2. Tabenaemontana aurantiaca Gaudich. Voy. Uranie: 50(1830). Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline is., Maluku, New Guinea, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon., Vanuatu. MALUKU, PAPUA.
3. Tabernaemontana corymbosa ex Wall., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1273 (1829); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = South China to West Malesia and Wallacea. = SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN, NUSA TENGGARA. = Ervatamia corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.) King & Gamble in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 448 (1908). – Pagiantha corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.) Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 546 (1935). – Ervatamia baviensis (Pit.) Pichon in Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 219 (1948). – Ervatamia chinensis (Merr.) Tsiang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 244 (1963). – Ervatamia continentalis Tsiang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 243 (1963). – Ervatamia continentalis var. pubiflora Tsiang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 244 (1963). – Ervatamia corymbosa var. pubescens King & Gamble in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 449 (1908). – Ervatamia hirta (Hook.f.) King & Gamble in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 449 (1908). – Ervatamia inaequalifolia (Lütjeh. & Ooststr.) Pichon in Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 220 (1948). – Ervatamia jasminiflora Ridl. in Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 342 (1923). – Ervatamia kwangsiensis Tsiang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 238 (1963). – Ervatamia kweichowensis Tsiang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 237 (1963). – Ervatamia laotica (Pit.) Pichon in Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 219 (1948). – Ervatamia longopedicellata Lý in Feddes Repert. 96: 27 (1985). – Ervatamia pauciflora Ridl. in J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 299 (1922). – Ervatamia pauciflora var. minor Ridl. in J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 300 (1922). – Ervatamia phuongii Lý in Feddes Repert. 91: 393 (1980). – Ervatamia tenuiflora Tsiang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 241 (1963). – Ervatamia yunnanensis Tsiang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 241 (1963). – Ervatamia yunnanensis var. heterosepala Tsiang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 242 (1963). – Pagiantha peninsularis Kerr in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 43 (1937). – Pagiantha peninsularis var. breviloba Kerr in W.G.Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 441 (1939). – Tabernaemontana baviensis Pit. in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 1156 (1933). – Tabernaemontana carinata Lütjeh. & Ooststr. in Blumea 3: 104 (1938). – Tabernaemontana chinensis Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 507 (1922). – Tabernaemontana continentalis (Tsiang) P.T.Li in Guihaia 6: 170 (1986). – Tabernaemontana continentalis var. pubiflora (Tsiang) P.T.Li in Guihaia 6: 170 (1986). – Tabernaemontana cymulosa Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 422 (1857). – Tabernaemontana hirta Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 3: 646 (1882). – Tabernaemontana inaequalifolia Lütjeh. & Ooststr. in Blumea 3: 103 (1938). – Tabernaemontana kwangsiensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li in Guihaia 6: 171 (1986). – Tabernaemontana kweichowensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li in Guihaia 6: 171 (1986). – Tabernaemontana laotica Pit. in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 1148 (1933). – Tabernaemontana peninsularis (Kerr) P.T.Li in Guihaia 6: 173 (1986). – Tabernaemontana pubituba Merr. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 24: 87 (1938 publ. 1939). – Tabernaemontana sumatrana (Miq.) Hallier f. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 375 (1913). – Tabernaemontana sumatrana Merr. in Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8: 139 (1934), nom. illeg. homonym. post. – Tabernaemontana tsiangiana P.T.Li in Guihaia 6: 171 (1986). – Tabernaemontana yunnanensis (Tsiang) P.T.Li in Guihaia 6: 171 (1986). – Tabernaemontana yunnanensis var. heterosepala (Tsiang) P.T.Li in Guihaia 6: 171 (1986). – Pseudixora sumatrana Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 209 (1857). – Randia sumatrana (Miq.) Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 235 (1869).
4. Tabernaemontana macrocarpa Jack, Malayan Misc. 2, 7 (1822) 80; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 378. – Pagiantha macrocarpa (Jack) Markgr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin–Dahlem 12 (1935) 546. – Ervatamia macrocarpa (Jack) Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 33 (1952) 246. – Orchipeda sumatrana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 553. – Voacanga plumeriifolia Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1 (1908) 333. – Tabernaemontana plumeriifolia (Elmer) Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3 (1923) 326. – Ervatamia plumeriifolia (Elmer) Pichon, Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27 (1949 [‘1948’]) 220. – Pagiantha plumeriifolia (Elmer) Markgr., Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1 (1950) 29. – Tabernaemontana megacarpa Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 6 (1909) 318. – Pagiantha megacarpa (Merr.) Markgr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin–Dahlem 12 (1935) 546. – Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa auct. non Blume: Kessler & Sidiy., Trees Balikpapan–Samarinda (1994) 54. S Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN. Photos
5. Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir. J.B.A.P.M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 7:529 (1806). Borneo, China South-Central, China Southeast, Fiji, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Marianas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Tuamotu, Vanuatu, Western Australia. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI, MALUKU, PAPUA. Photos
6. Tabernaemontana pauciflora Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1028; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 383. – Ervatamia blumeana Markgr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12 (1935) 547. – Tabernaemontana calycina Wall., Bot. Reg. 15 (1829) sub t. 1273. – Ervatamia calycina (Wall.) Lace, List Trees Burma (1913) 91. – Tabernaemontana rhynchophylla Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 422. – Tabernaemontana malaccensis Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 649. – Ervatamia malaccensis (Hook.f.) King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 452. – Tabernaemontana polysperma Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 21 (1922) 531. – Ervatamia polysperma (Merr.) Pichon, Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27 (1949 [‘1948’]) 220. – Ervatamia blumeana Markgr. var. macropetala Bakh.f., Blumea 6 (1950) 385. Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Borneo. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN.
7. Tabernaemontana remota Leeuwenb. Revis, Tabernaemontana 1:191 (1991). New Guinea, Sulawesi. SULAWESI.
8. Tabernaemontana rostrata Wall., Bot. Reg 15 (1829) sub t. 1273; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 388. – Ervatamia rostrata (Wall.) Markgr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. BerlinDahlem 12 (1935) 547. – Ervatamia corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.) King & Gamble var. kelsallii King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 449. – Ervatamia cylindrocarpa King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 452. – Tabernaemontana cylindrocarpa (King & Gamble) Merr., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 20 (1935) 107. – Ervatamia curtisii King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 453. – Tabernaemontana crispa auct. non Roxb.: Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 648. – Andaman and Nicobar, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.
9. Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa Blume. Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1028 (1826). Jawa, Lesser Sunda., Maluku, Sulawesi. JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU.

 

TELOSMA Coville ex N.E.Br.

1. Telosma accedens (Blume) Backer, Bekn. Fl. Java 8a(173): 63 (1949); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Java. = JAVA. = Pergularia accedens Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1056 (1826). – Asclepias canina Noronha in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 6 (1790), nom. nud.
2. Telosma puberula (Miq.) Kerr in W.G.Craib, Fl. Siam. 3(1): 32 (1951); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). – Thailand to West Malesia. = JAVA. = Pergularia puberula in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 495 (1857).
3. Toxocarpus villosus (Blume) Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 506 (1844); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Mainland SE to E Asia and Wallacea. = JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA. = Secamone villosa Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1050 (1826). = ≡ villosus = As the species. = JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA. = Toxocarpus hosseusii Schltr. in Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 92: 1 (1908). – Toxocarpus klossii S.Moore in J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam 4: 149 (1921).

 

 

TRACHELOSPERMUM Lem.

1. Trachelospermum inflatum (Blume) Pierre ex Pichon, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), sér. 2, 20 (1948) 191; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 393. – Echites inflatus Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1039; A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 478. – Chonemorpha inflata (Blume) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 76. – Anodendron inflatum (Blume) Hassk., Flora 28, 19 (1845) 301 (but incorrectly as 269). – Dendrocharis myrtifolia Miq., Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. 6 (1857) 195. Sumatra, Java. SUMATRA, JAVA.

 

URCEOLA Roxb.

1. Urceola brachysepalaf., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 659; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 396. – Chavannesia brachysepala (Hook.f.) Pichon, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), sér. 2, 20 (1948) 302. – Urceola maingayi Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 658. – Urceola acuteacuminata Boerl., Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5 (1900) 19. – Carruthersia imberbis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2 (1909) 588. – Urceola imberbis (Elmer) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 10 (1915) 68. – Chavannesia imberbis (Elmer) Pichon, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), sér. 2, 20 (1948) 302. – Urceola philippinensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 10 (1915) 69. – Chavannesia philippinensis (Elmer) Pichon, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), sér. 2, 20 (1948) 302. – Urceola javanica auct. non (Blume) Boerl.: Koord. Schum., Syst. Verz. 1 (1912) 180, p.p. – Urceola lucida auct. non (Wall. ex G. Don) Benth. ex Kurz: Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 235. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Borneo, Philippines. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN.
2. Urceola densiflora (Oliv.) D.J.Middleton & Livsh., Taxon 67: 355 (2018); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Sumatra to Peninsular Malaysia. = Parameria densiflora in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 16: t. 1520 (1886).
3. Urceola elastica, Asiat. Res. 5 (1798) 169; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 398. – Tabernaemontana elastica (Roxb.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1 (1824) 639. – Urceola brachysepala Hook.f. var. pilosa Boerl., Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5 (1900) 18. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN.
4. Urceola javanica (Blume) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1899) 399; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 399. – Parsonsia javanica Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1041. – Chavannesia javanica (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 458. – Hymenolophus romburghii, Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5 (1900) 14. – Urceola pilosa Boerl., Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5 (1900) 19. – Xylinabaria koordersii Pierre ex Koord. Schum., Syst. Verz. 1, Fam. 247 (1912) l79. – Xylinabaria bantamensis Pierre ex Pichon, Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. B, Bot. 1 (1950) 83. – Urceola brachysepala auct. non (Blume) Boerl.: Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 235, p.p. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Maluku Archipelago, New Guinea. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, MALUKU, PAPUA.
5. Urceola laevigata (Juss.) D.J.Middleton & Livsh., Taxon 67: 356 (2018); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Mainland S to E Asia and Wallacea. = SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA. = Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke in Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 176 (1940). – Aegiphila laevigata in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 76 (1806). – Chonemorpha densiflora (Blume) G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 76 (1837). – Ecdysanthera barbata (Blume) Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 451 (1857). – Ecdysanthera barbata var. angustior Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 452 (1857). – Ecdysanthera densiflora (Blume) Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 452 (1857). – Ecdysanthera glandulifera (Wall. ex G.Don) A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 443 (1844). – Ecdysanthera griffithii Wight in Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: t. 1307 (1848). – Echites barbatus (Blume) D.Dietr. in Syn. Plant. 1: 651 (1839). – Echites densiflorus Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1040 (1826). – Echites glandulifer Wall. ex G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 75 (1837). – Echites torosus Llanos in Fragm. Pl. Filip.: 59 (1851), nom. illeg. homonym. post. – Parameria angustior (Miq.) Boerl. in Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 399 (1899). – Parameria barbata (Blume) K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 162 (1895). – Parameria barbata var. pieirrei (Pit.) Kerr in W.G.Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 464 (1939). – Parameria glandulifera (Wall. ex G.Don) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 46: 255 (1877). – Parameria glandulifera var. philippinensis (Radlk.) Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 4: 207 (1894). – Parameria glandulifera var. pieirrei Pit. in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 1201 (1933). – Parameria glandulifera var. poilanei Pit. in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 1203 (1933). – Parameria philippinensis Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 14: 518 (1884). – Parameria pierrei Baill. in Hist. Pl. 10: 167 (1888), not validly publ. – Parameria vulneraria Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 14: 519 (1884). – Parsonsia barbata Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1042 (1826).
6. Urceola laevis (Elmer) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 69 (1915); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Borneo and Wallacea. = SULAWESI. = Carruthersia laevis Elmer in Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1449 (1912).
7. Urceola lucida (Wall. ex G. Don) Benth. ex Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 46 (1877) 255; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 401. – Echites lucidus ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 75. – Chavannesia lucida (Wall. ex G. Don) A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 444. – Echites esculentus Wall., Numer. List 1671 (1829), nom. nud. – Chavannesia esculenta A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 444. – Urceola esculenta (A.DC.) Benth. ex Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2 (1877) 184. – Xylinabaria esculenta (A.DC.) Pierre ex Spire, Contr. Apocyn. (1905) 66. – Urceola reticulata King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 477. Myanmar, Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore. SUMATRA.
8. Urceola polyneura (Hook.f.) D.J.Middleton & Livsh., Taxon 67: 356 (2018); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Myanmar to West Malesia. = SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN. = Parameria polyneuraf. in Fl. Brit. India 3: 660 (1882). – Parameriopsis polyneura (Hook.f.) Pichon in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 20: 300 (1948). – Micrechites ovalifolius Ridl. in J. Straits Med. Assoc. 5: 137 (1897), nom. nud. – Parameria griffithii Pierre in Rev. Cult. Colon. 11: 229 (1902), nom. nud.
9. Urceola rosea (Hook. & Arn.) D.J. Middleton, Novon 4 (1994) 151; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 406. – Ecdysanthera rosea & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. (1837) 198. – Ecdysanthera pedunculosa Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 557. – Parameria pedunculosa (Miq.) Benth. ex Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1899) 399. – Antirrhoea esquirolii H. Lév., Fl. Kouy–Tcheou (1914) 364. NE India to Taiwan, possibly Japan, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java. SUMATRA, JAVA.
10. Urceola torulosaf., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 659; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 408. – Chavannesia torulosa (Hook.f.) Pichon, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), sér. 2, 20 (1948) 302. – Urceola malaccensis Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 658. – Urceola longisepala Merr., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 19 (1934) 188. – Echites moniliferus Wall., Numer. List 1660 (1829), nom. nud. – Urceola aff. torulosa Coode et al., Checklist Pl. Brunei (1996) 29. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.

 

 

VALLARIOPSIS Woodson

1. Vallariopsis lancifolia (Hook.f.) Woodson, Philipp. J. Sci. 60 (1936) 228; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 409. – Vallaris lancifolia Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 651. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.

 

VALLARIS Burm.f.

1. Vallaris glabra (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 417; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 410. – Pergularia glabra L., Mant. Pl. 2 (1767) 53. – Vallaris pergulana Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (1768) 51. – Vallaris indica J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2 (1791) 391. – Vallaris ovalis Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 427. Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands (Flores). SUMATRA, JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA.

 

VINCETOXICUM Wolf

1. Vincetoxicum adnatum (Bakh.f.) Meve & Liede, Phytotaxa 369: 132 (2018); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Java and Sulawesi. = JAVA, SULAWESI. = Tylophora adnataf. in Blumea 6: 375 (1950).
2. Vincetoxicum carnosum (R.Br.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 4: 331 (1868); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Thailand to Australia. = JAVA, NUSA TENGGARA, PAPUA. = Cynanchum carnosum (R.Br.) Schltr. in J.R.Perkins & al., Fragm. Fl. Philipp.: 120 (1904). – Ischnostemma carnosum (R.Br.) Merr. & Rolfe in Philipp. J. Sci., C 3: 121 (1908). – Oxystelma carnosumBr. in Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 462 (1810). – Ischnostemma selangoricum King & Gamble in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 532 (1908). – Pentatropis novoguineensis Valeton in Bull. Dép. Agric. Indes Néerl. 10: 49 (1907). – Pentatropis oblongifolia (Costantin) Liede in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 114: 91 (1994). – Pseudopentatropis oblongifolia Costantin in H.Lecomte (ed.), Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 62 (1912).
3. Vincetoxicum cissoides (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Andaman Islands to New Guinea. = JAVA, KALIMANTAN, MALUKU, PAPUA. = Tylophora cissoides Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1061 (1826). – Tylophora kenejiana in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 154 (1913). – Tylophora perakensis King & Gamble in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 555 (1907). – Tylophora perakensis subsp. andamanica Rasingam & J.Swamy in Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 25: 51 (2018). – Tylophora treubiana Schltr. in Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 92: 5 (1908).
4. Vincetoxicum crassifolium (Zipp. ex Decne.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor. = NUSA TENGGARA. = Tylophora crassifolia ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 612 (1844).
5. Vincetoxicum dorgelonis (Bakh.f.) Meve & Liede, Phytotaxa 369: 142 (2018); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Java. = JAVA. = Tylophora dorgelonisf. in Blumea 6: 375 (1950).
6. Vincetoxicum exile (Colebr.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Mainland S Asia, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, and Philippines. = JAVA. = Pergularia exilis (Colebr.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 844 (1824). – Tylophora exilis in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 12: 358 (1819). – Gymnema pubigerum Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 609 (1844).
7. Vincetoxicum flexuosum (R.Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891). – Vincetoxicum flexuosum tenuis (Blume) Schneidt, Meve & Liede, Phytotaxa 369: 144 (2018).
8. Vincetoxicum globiferum (Hook.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891).
9. Vincetoxicum hirsutum (Wall.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = South to East Asia and Java. = JAVA. = Gymnema hirsutum in Tent. Fl. Napal.: 50 (1826). – Tylophora hirsuta (Wall.) Wight in Contr. Bot. India: 49 (1834). – Diplolepis apiculata Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. London 6: 68 (1825). – Diplolepis ovata Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. London 6: 268 (1826). – Tylophora atrofolliculata F.P.Metcalf in Lingnan Sci. J. 11: 265 (1932). – Tylophora hirsuta var. penangensis Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 4: 43 (1883). – Tylophora hispida Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 610 (1844). – Tylophora hispida var. balansae Costantin in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 113 (1912). – Tylophora hispida var. brownii Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 196 (1911). – Tylophora jacquemontii Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 607 (1844). – Tylophora lanyuensis Y.C.Liu & F.Y.Lu in Ligneous Pl. Taiwan: 624 (1972). – Tylophora mollissima Wall. ex Wight in Contr. Bot. India: 49 (1834). – Tylophora ovata (Lindl.) Hook. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 2: 726 (1841). – Tylophora ovata var. balansae (Costantin) Tsiang in Sunyatsenia 3: 223 (1936). – Tylophora ovata var. lanyuensis (Y.C.Liu & F.Y.Lu) S.S.Ying in Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 29(2): 54 (1989). – Tylophora panzhutenga Z.Y.Zhu in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 153 (1983). – Tylophora pilosissima Bakh.f. in Blumea 6: 376 (1950). – Vincetoxicum hispidum (Decne.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891). – Vincetoxicum lindleyi A.Kidyoo in Taiwania 63: 30 (2018). – Vincetoxicum mollissimum (Wall. ex Wight) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891).
10. Vincetoxicum indicum (Burm.f.) Mabb., Mabberley’s Pl. -Book, ed. 4: 1102 (2017).
11. Vincetoxicum leschenaultii Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2:424 (1891). – Tylophora congesta in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 609 (1844). Jawa. JAWA.
12. Vincetoxicum miquelianum Kuntze, Revs. Gen. PI. 2:424 (1891). – Hybanthera villosa in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 490 (1857). – Tylophora miquelii in Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 438 (1899), nom. superfl. – Tylophora villosa (Miq.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. in Index Kew., Suppl. 1: 442 (1906), nom. illeg. Jawa. JAWA.
13. Vincetoxicum rupestre (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 425 (1891); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Endemic to Java. = JAVA. = Tylophora rupestris Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1062 (1826).
14. Vincetoxicum sarasinorum (Warb.) Meve & Liede, Phytotaxa 369: 160 (2018). – Tylophora sarasinorum in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 314 (1907). Sulawesi. SULAWESI.
15. Vincetoxicum villosum (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2:425 (1891). – Marsdenia villosa (Blume) Hassk. in Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10: 126 (1843). – Tylophora villosa Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1061 (1826). – Tylophora chlorantha in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 486 (1857). – Vincetoxicum chloranthum (Miq.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 424 (1891). Jawa. JAWA.

 

 

VOACANGA Thouars

1. Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe, J. Bot. London 21 (1883) 202; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 413. – Orchipeda foetida Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1027. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN.

2. Voacanga grandifolia (Miq.) Rolfe, J. Bot. 21: 202 (1883); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Wallacea to Queensland. = JAVA, SULAWESI, NUSA TENGGARA, MALUKU, PAPUA. = Orchipeda grandifolia (Miq.) Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 316 (1865). – Pootia grandifolia in Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. 6: 193 (1857). – Orchipeda papuana F.Muell. in Descr. Notes Papuan Pl. 7: 30 (1886). – Pootia exauriculata Teijsm. & Binn. in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 25: 404 (1863). – Tabernaemontana celebica Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 139 (1869). – Voacanga grandifolia var. glabrifolia Bakh.f. in Blumea 6: 286 (1948). – Voacanga papuana (F.Muell.) K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 149 (1895). – Voacanga versteegii Markgr. in Nova Guinea 14: 287 (1925).
3. Voacanga havilandii, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 473 (1926); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Borneo. = KALIMANTAN.

 

 

WILLUGHBEIA Roxb.

1. Willughbeia angustifolia (Miq.) Markgr., Blumea 20 (1973) 414; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 423. – Vahea angustifolia, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 394. – Willughbeia apiculata Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 227, 551. – Willughbeia rufescens Dyer ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 326. – Ancylocladus rufescens (Hook.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 412. – Urnularia rufescens (Hook.f.) Stapf ex S. Moore, J. Bot. 63, Suppl. (1925) 67. – Willughbeia flavescens Dyer ex Hook.f. var. rufescens Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2 (1923) 325. – Willughbeiopsis rufescens (Hook.f.) Rauschert, Taxon 31 (1982) 556. – Chilocarpus brachyanthus Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris sér. 2, 1 (1898) 101. – Willughbeia elmeri Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 253. – Willughbeia angustifolia (Miq.) Markgr. var. gracilior Markgr., Blumea 20 (1973) 414. – Melodinus baueri auct. non Endl.: Leeuwenb., Syst. Geogr. Pl. 73 (2003) 19, p.p. – Melodinus orientalis auct. non Blume: Leeuwenb., Syst. Geogr. Pl. 73 (2003) 42, p.p. Nicobar Islands, southern Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Buru. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN, MALUKU.
2. Willughbeia beccariana (Kuntze ex Pierre) K.Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 2 (1900) 55; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 424. – Ancylocladus beccarianus Kuntze [Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 412, nom. nud.] ex Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris sér. 2, 1 (1898) 98. – Urnularia beccariana (Kuntze ex Pierre) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 28 (1901) t. 2711 (1). – Willughbeiopsis beccariana (Kuntze ex Pierre) Rauschert, Taxon 31 (1982) 556. Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN, SULAWESI.
3. Willughbeia coriacea, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3 (1832) 45; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 425. – Ancylocladus coriaceus (Wall.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 412. – Willughbeia firma Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 154. – Ancylocladus firmus (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 412. – Willughbeia firma Blume var. oblongifolia Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 154. – Willughbeia burbidgei Dyer, Kew Gardens Report (1880) 44. – Ancylocladus minutiflorus Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris sér. 2, 1 (1898) 95. – Willughbeia minutiflora (Pierre) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 2 (1900) 55. – Ancylocladus vriesianus Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris sér. 2, 1 (1898) 95. – Willughbeia vriesiana (Pierre) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 2 (1900) 55. – Ancylocladus nodosus Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris sér. 2, 1 (1898) 96. – Willughbeia nodosa (Pierre) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 2 (1900) 55. – Willughbeia firma Blume var. macrophylla Boerl., Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5 (1900) 4. – Willughbeia firma Blume var. obtusifolia Boerl., Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5 (1900) 4. – Willughbeia firma Blume var. platyphylla Boerl., Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5 (1900) 4. S Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo. SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN.
4. Willughbeia flavescens Dyer ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 625; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 429. – Chilocarpus flavescens Dyer, Kew Gardens Report (1880) 47, nom. nud. – Ancylocladus flavescens Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 412. – Urnularia flavescens (Hook.f.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 28 (1901) t. 2711: 2. – Willughbeiopsis flavescens (Hook.f.) Rauschert, Taxon 31 (1982) 556. – Ancylocladus beccarii Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris sér. 2, 1 (1898) 98. – Melodinus beccarii Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris sér. 2, 1 (1898) 98 (in synonymy). – Willughbeia beccarii (Pierre) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 2 (1900) 55. – Urnularia oblongifolia Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 28 (1901) t. 2711: 2. – Willughbeia stapfii, J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1 (1923) 29. – Urnularia beccarii (Pierre) Markgr., Blumea 20 (1973) 409. – Willughbeiopsis beccarii (Pierre) Rauschert, Taxon 31 (1982) 556. – Melodinus cymosus Ridl., J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10 (1920) 146. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.
5. Willughbeia gigantea (Boerl.) Markgr., Blumea 20 (1973) 413; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 429. – Leuconotis gigantea, Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5 (1900) 8. – Leuconotis gigantea Boerl. var. crassifolia Boerl., Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5 (1900) 8. – Leuconotis gigantea Boerl. var. ovalis Boerl., Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 5 (1900) 8. Sumatra, Borneo. SUMATRA, KALIMANTAN.
6. Willughbeia grandiflora Dyer ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 625 (1882); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo. = KALIMANTAN. = Ancylocladus grandiflorus (Dyer ex Hook.f.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 412 (1891). – Ancylocladus glaucinus Pierre in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n.s., 1: 98 (1898). – Willughbeia glaucina (Pierre) K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 2: 55 (1900).
7. Willughbeia lanceolata (Markgr.) D.J.Middleton, Blumea 38: 15 (1993); Sun et al., Plants 13 (2024); POWO (2026). = Borneo. = KALIMANTAN. = Urnularia lanceolata in Blumea 20: 409 (1972 publ. 1973). – Willughbeiopsis lanceolata (Markgr.) Rauschert in Taxon 31: 556 (1982).
8. Willughbeia tenuiflora Dyer ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 625; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 435. – Ancylocladus tenuiflorus (Hook.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 412. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore. SUMATRA.

 

WRIGHTIA R.Br.

1. Wrightia laevis Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 654; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 440. – Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. var. laevis (Hook.f.) Pichon, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14 (1951) 80. – Wrightia millgar F.M. Bailey, Dept. Agric. Brisbane Bot. Bull. 7 (1893) 65. – Wrightia laevis Hook.f. subsp. millgar (F.M. Bailey) Ngan, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52 (1965) 137. – Wrightia hainanensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 21 (1922) 352. – Wrightia balansae Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1188. – Wrightia macrocarpa Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1190. – Wrightia sorsogonensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 10 (1939) 3698, nom. nud. – Wrightia hainanensis Merr. var. variabilis Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 4 (1939) 47. – Wrightia hainanensis Merr. var. chingii Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 4 (1939) 48. – Wrightia laevis Hook.f. subsp. novoguineensis Ngan, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52 (1965) 138. – Wrightia tinctoria auct. non R.Br.: Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1187. S China, continental SE Asia, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, New Guinea, Queensland.  SUMATRA, PAPUA.
2. Wrightia pubescens R.Br., Prodr. (1810) 467; Middleton, Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 18 (2007) 443. – Hunteria eugeniifolia Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 105. – Wrightia coraia Wall. ex A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 407. – Wrightia multiflora Zipp. ex Span., Linnaea 15 (1841) 325, nom. nud. – Wrightia calycina A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 406. – Wrightia spanogheana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857) 434. – Nerium macrocarpum Span., Linnaea 15 (1841) 325, nom. nud. – Wrightia tinctoria auct. non R.Br.: Span., Linnaea 15 (1841) 325.  subsp. lanitii (Blango) Ngan. – Anasser laniti Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 112. – Wrightia lanitii (Blanco) Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 27 (1905) 59. – Wrightia javanica A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 405. – Wrightia ovata A.DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 405. – Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. var. cochinchinensis Pierre ex Pit. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo–Chine 3 (1933) 1186. China, Thailand, Indochina, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java (W), Philippines, Sulawesi. SUMATRA, JAVA, SULAWESI. Photos

 

INTRODUCED

 

CATHARANTHUS G.Don

1. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 95 (1837). Native of Madagascar. Introduced throughout the country. Photos

 

References

• Middleton DJ. 2007. Apocynaceae (Subfamilies Rauvolfioideae and Apocynoideae). Fl Malesiana ser 1. 18:1–452.
• Govaerts R, Goyder D, Leeuwenberg A. 2021. World Checklist of Apocynaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ Retrieved May 14 2021.
• Rahayu S. & Rodda M. 2019. Hoya of Sumatra, an updated checklist, three new species, and a new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 508: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.508
• Rodda, M. and Rahayu, S. (2025), A new night-blooming species of Hoya (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) from Borneo. Nordic Journal of Botany e04787. https://doi.org/10.1002/njb.04787